Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos

ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas

Autores:
Leal Verdugo, Camilo Adolfo
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81712
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81712
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
610 - Medicina y salud
Motor Neurons/physiology
Motor Activity
Hand
Neuronas Motoras/fisiología
Actividad Motora
Mano
MUNIX
MUSIX
Reference values
Motor units
Thenar preservation index
Split hand index
Valores de referencia
Unidades motoras
Índice de preservación tenar
Índice de mano dividida
Rights
openAccess
License
Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81712
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Reference values of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) and the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in a Colombian population of healthy adults
title Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
spellingShingle Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
610 - Medicina y salud
Motor Neurons/physiology
Motor Activity
Hand
Neuronas Motoras/fisiología
Actividad Motora
Mano
MUNIX
MUSIX
Reference values
Motor units
Thenar preservation index
Split hand index
Valores de referencia
Unidades motoras
Índice de preservación tenar
Índice de mano dividida
title_short Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
title_full Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
title_fullStr Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
title_full_unstemmed Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
title_sort Valores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanos
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Leal Verdugo, Camilo Adolfo
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Ortiz Corredor, Fernando
Mendoza Pulido, Camilo
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Leal Verdugo, Camilo Adolfo
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Cifel Centro de Investigación en Fisiatría y Electrodiagnóstico
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 610 - Medicina y salud
topic 610 - Medicina y salud
Motor Neurons/physiology
Motor Activity
Hand
Neuronas Motoras/fisiología
Actividad Motora
Mano
MUNIX
MUSIX
Reference values
Motor units
Thenar preservation index
Split hand index
Valores de referencia
Unidades motoras
Índice de preservación tenar
Índice de mano dividida
dc.subject.decs.eng.fl_str_mv Motor Neurons/physiology
Motor Activity
Hand
dc.subject.decs.spa.fl_str_mv Neuronas Motoras/fisiología
Actividad Motora
Mano
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv MUNIX
MUSIX
Reference values
Motor units
Thenar preservation index
Split hand index
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Valores de referencia
Unidades motoras
Índice de preservación tenar
Índice de mano dividida
description ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-19T18:58:31Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-19T18:58:31Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Especialidad Médica
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81712
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81712
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Bireme
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Ahn, S.-W., Kim, S.-H., Kim, J.-E., Kim, S.-M., Kim, S. H., Park, K. S., Sung, J.-J., Lee, K.-W., & Hong, Y.-H. (2010). Reproducibility of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) in normal controls and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Muscle & Nerve, 42(5), 808–813.
Alix, J. J. P., Neuwirth, C., Gelder, L., Burkhardt, C., Castro, J., de Carvalho, M., Gawel, M., Goedee, S., Grosskreutz, J., Lenglet, T., Moglia, C., Omer, T., Schrooten, M., Nandedkar, S., Stalberg, E., Barkhaus, P. E., Furtula, J., van Dijk, J. P., Baldinger, R., … Weber, M. (2019). Assessment of the reliability of the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in single subject “round-robin” and multi-centre settings. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(5), 666–674.
Arasaki, K., Tamaki, M., Hosoya, Y., & Kudo, N. (1997). Validity of electromyograms and tension as a means of motor unit number estimation. In Muscle & Nerve (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 552–560). https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199705)20:5<552::aid-mus3>3.0.co;2-8
Boekestein, W. A., Schelhaas, H. J., van Putten, M. J. A. M., Stegeman, D. F., Zwarts, M. J., & van Dijk, J. P. (2012). Motor unit number index (MUNIX) versus motor unit number estimation (MUNE): a direct comparison in a longitudinal study of ALS patients. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(8), 1644–1649.
Bostock, H., Jacobsen, A. B., & Tankisi, H. (2019). Motor unit number index and compound muscle action potential amplitude. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(9), 1734–1740.
Bromberg, M. B. (2004). Chapter 14 Motor unit number estimation: new techniques and new uses. In Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology, Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Clinical Neurophysiology, AAEM 50th Anniversary and 57th Annual Meeting of the ACNS Joint Meeting (pp. 120–136). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70350-2
Bromberg, M. B. (2007). Updating motor unit number estimation (MUNE). In Clinical Neurophysiology (Vol. 118, Issue 1, pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.07.304
Bromberg, M. B., & Brownell, A. A. (2008). Motor Unit Number Estimation in the Assessment of Performance and Function in Motor Neuron Disease. In Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America (Vol. 19, Issue 3, pp. 509–532). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2008.02.006
Cao, B., Gu, X., Zhang, L., Hou, Y., Chen, Y., Wei, Q., Ou, R., & Shang, H. (2020). Reference values for the motor unit number index and the motor unit size index in five muscles. Muscle & Nerve, 61(5), 657–661.
Carvalho, M. de, de Carvalho, M., Barkhaus, P. E., Nandedkar, S. D., & Swash, M. (2018). Motor unit number estimation (MUNE): Where are we now? In Clinical Neurophysiology (Vol. 129, Issue 8, pp. 1507–1516). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.748
Delmont, E., Wang, F., Lefaucheur, J.-P., Puma, A., Breniere, C., Beaudonnet, G., Cintas, P., Collin, R., Fortanier, E., Grapperon, A.-M., Jomir, L., Kribich, H., Kouton, L., Kuntzer, T., Lenglet, T., Magot, A., Nordine, T., Ochsner, F., Bolloy, G., … Attarian, S. (2020). Motor unit number index as an individual biomarker: Reference limits of intra-individual variability over time in healthy subjects. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(9), 2209–2215. Disorders of Voluntary Muscle. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511674747
Escorcio-Bezerra, M. L., Abrahao, A., de Castro, I., Chieia, M. A. T., de Azevedo, L. A., Pinheiro, D. S., de Oliveira Braga, N. I., de Oliveira, A. S. B., & Manzano, G. M. (2016). MUNIX: Reproducibility and clinical correlations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In Clinical Neurophysiology (Vol. 127, Issue 9, pp. 2979–2984). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.06.011
Escorcio-Bezerra, M. L., Abrahao, A., Santos-Neto, D., de Oliveira Braga, N. I., Oliveira, A. S. B., & Manzano, G. M. (2017). Why averaging multiple MUNIX measures in the longitudinal assessment of patients with ALS? Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 128(12), 2392–2396.
Escorcio-Bezerra, M. L., Oliveira, A. S. B., De Oliveira Braga, N. I., & Manzano, G. M. (2017). Improving the reproducibility of motor unit number index. Muscle & Nerve, 55(5), 635–638.
Fatehi, F., Grapperon, A.-M., Fathi, D., Delmont, E., & Attarian, S. (2018). The utility of motor unit number index: A systematic review. In Neurophysiologie Clinique (Vol. 48, Issue 5, pp. 251–259). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2018.09.001
Gooch, C. L., Doherty, T. J., Ming Chan, K., Bromberg, M. B., Lewis, R. A., Stashuk, D. W., Berger, M. J., Andary, M. T., & Daube, J. R. (2014). Motor unit number estimation: A technology and literature review. In Muscle & Nerve (Vol. 50, Issue 6, pp. 884–893). https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24442
Gunes, T., Sirin, N. G., Sahin, S., Kose, E., & Isak, B. (2021). Use of CMAP, MScan fit-MUNE, and MUNIX in understanding neurodegeneration pattern of ALS and detection of early motor neuron loss in daily practice. Neuroscience Letters, 741, 135488.
Günther, R., Neuwirth, C., Koch, J. C., Lingor, P., Braun, N., Untucht, R., Petzold, D., Weber, M., & Hermann, A. (2019). Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) of hand muscles is a disease biomarker for adult spinal muscular atrophy. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(2), 315–319.
Higashihara, M., Menon, P., van den Bos, M., Geevasinga, N., & Vucic, S. (2018). Reproducibility of motor unit number index and multiple point stimulation motor unit number estimation in controls. Muscle & Nerve, 58(5), 660–664.
Kaya, R. D., Nakazawa, M., Hoffman, R. L., & Clark, B. C. (2013). Interrelationship between muscle strength, motor units, and aging. Experimental Gerontology, 48(9), 920–925.
Li, X., He, W., Li, C., Wang, Y.-C., Slavens, B. A., & Zhou, P. (2015). Motor unit number index examination in dominant and non-dominant hand muscles. Laterality, 20(6), 699–710.
Nandedkar, S. D., Barkhaus, P. E., & Stålberg, E. V. (2010). Motor unit number index (MUNIX): principle, method, and findings in healthy subjects and in patients with motor neuron disease. Muscle & Nerve, 42(5), 798–807.
Nandedkar, S. D., Barkhaus, P. E., Stålberg, E. V., Neuwirth, C., & Weber, M. (2018). Motor unit number index: Guidelines for recording signals and their analysis. Muscle & Nerve, 58(3), 374–380.
Neuwirth, C., Nandedkar, S., Stålberg, E., Barkhaus, P. E., Carvalho, M. de, Furtula, J., van Dijk, J. P., Baldinger, R., Castro, J., Costa, J., Otto, M., Sandberg, A., & Weber, M. (2011). Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX): reference values of five different muscles in healthy subjects from a multi-centre study. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 122(9), 1895–1898.
Shefner, J. M., & Gooch, C. L. (2003). Motor unit number estimation. In Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America (Vol. 14, Issue 2, pp. 243–260). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(02)00130-4
Sica, R., & McComas, A. (2003). Review of MUNE over 30 years. In Motor Unit Number Estimation (MUNE): Proceedings of the First International Symposium on MUNE (pp. 1–14). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(02)55001-7
Stein, F., Kobor, I., Bogdahn, U., & Schulte-Mattler, W. J. (2016). Toward the validation of a new method (MUNIX) for motor unit number assessment. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology: Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 27, 73–77.
Varma, S. (2013). Electromyography and neuromuscular disorders: Clinical-electrophysiologic correlations, 3rd Edition edited by David C.Preston and Barbara E.Shapiro, 664 pp., Elsevier Saunders, 2012, $199. In Muscle & Nerve (Vol. 48, Issue 2, pp. 308–308). https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.23894
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
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rights_invalid_str_mv Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 55 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitacion
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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spelling Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Ortiz Corredor, Fernandodd9170f7d7c356c2ce1438bdff6a9d1dMendoza Pulido, Camilodd499efb0afd899b29009a5a6defdc5a600Leal Verdugo, Camilo Adolfo54779d74cbc0dc6ca42f8a861c6834e4600Cifel Centro de Investigación en Fisiatría y Electrodiagnóstico2022-07-19T18:58:31Z2022-07-19T18:58:31Z2022-06https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81712Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, gráficas, tablasIntroducción: El MUNIX es una técnica que estima las unidades motoras con mayor reproducibilidad, rapidez y facilidad que los métodos MUNE previos. Se basa en la obtención de un potencial motor (CMAP) y patrones de interferencia por electromiografía de superficie. Son pocos los estudios que demuestran sus valores de referencia, ninguno aplicado a población latinoamericana. Objetivo: Establecer los valores de referencia del MUNIX y del MUSIX en una muestra de adultos sanos, su relación con variables antropométricas y comportamiento entre músculos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, corte transversal, con recolección prospectiva de datos. Se realizaron dos tomas por cada músculo (APB, ADM, EDB, TA, FDI) no consecutivas por el mismo evaluador siguiendo el protocolo actualizado de registro de MUNIX (2018). Se estableció un coeficiente de correlación intraclase entre las tomas de cada músculo. Para el análisis se realizó un promedio de los datos. La correlación de variables se realizó por coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y tau () de Kendall de acuerdo al tipo de distribución. Se realizó la prueba de Friedman y ANOVA para determinar si hay diferencias estadísticas significativas entre valores de MUNIX y MUSIX y análisis post hoc para determinar los músculos implicados. Resultados: Se recolectaron 82 registros y los datos se presentan en medias, desviación estándar y rango para las variables electrofisiológicas. Se encontró una relación directamente proporcional del MUSIX APB con la edad e inversamente proporcional de MUNIX APB con la edad. APB y ADM no presentan diferencias significativas en el número de unidades motoras medidas por MUNIX y MUSIX. Discusión: La prueba MUNIX y MUSIX tiene resultados similares a los descritos en la literatura para otras poblaciones. Presentan buena a excelente reproducibilidad de los datos. No todos los músculos tienen resultados equiparables de número y tamaño de unidades motoras. Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron los valores de referencia de MUNIX, MUSIX, índice de preservación tenar y mano dividida. APB y ADM son los músculos con menores diferencias electrofisiológicas. (Texto tomado de la fuente).Introduction: The MUNIX is a technique that estimates motor units with greater reproducibility, fast and ease than previous MUNE methods. It is based on obtain a muscle action potential (CMAP) and interference patterns by surface electromyography. There are few studies that demonstrate their reference values, none applied to the Latin American population. Objective: To establish the reference values of the MUNIX and the MUSIX in a sample of healthy adults, their relationship with anthropometric variables and behavior between muscles. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, with prospective data collection. Two non-consecutive shots were performed for each muscle (APB, ADM, EDB, TA, FDI) by the same evaluator following the updated MUNIX registration protocol (2018). An intraclass correlation coefficient was established between the shots of each muscle. For the analysis, an average of the data was performed. The correlation of variables was performed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kendall's tau () according to the type of distribution. The Friedman test and ANOVA were performed to determine if there are significant statistical differences between MUNIX and MUSIX values and post hoc analysis to determine the muscles involved. Results: 82 records were obtained, and data are presented as means, standard deviation and range for electrophysiological variables. A directly proportional relationship was found between MUSIX APB and age and an inversely proportional relationship between MUNIX APB and age. APB and ADM do not present significant differences in the number of motor units measured by MUNIX and MUSIX. Discussion: The MUNIX and MUSIX tests have similar results to those described in the literature for other populations. They exhibit good to excellent data reproducibility. Not all muscles have comparable results in the number and size of motor units. Conclusions: The reference values of MUNIX, MUSIX, thenar preservation index and split hand were obtained. APB and ADM are the muscles with the least electrophysiological differences.Incluye anexosEspecialidades MédicasEspecialista en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación55 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Medicina Física y RehabilitaciónDepartamento de Medicina Física y RehabilitacionFacultad de MedicinaBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y saludMotor Neurons/physiologyMotor ActivityHandNeuronas Motoras/fisiologíaActividad MotoraManoMUNIXMUSIXReference valuesMotor unitsThenar preservation indexSplit hand indexValores de referenciaUnidades motorasÍndice de preservación tenarÍndice de mano divididaValores de referencia del índice del número de unidades motoras (MUNIX) y del índice de tamaño de unidades motoras (MUSIX) en una población colombiana de adultos sanosReference values of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) and the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in a Colombian population of healthy adultsTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMBiremeAhn, S.-W., Kim, S.-H., Kim, J.-E., Kim, S.-M., Kim, S. H., Park, K. S., Sung, J.-J., Lee, K.-W., & Hong, Y.-H. (2010). Reproducibility of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) in normal controls and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Muscle & Nerve, 42(5), 808–813.Alix, J. J. P., Neuwirth, C., Gelder, L., Burkhardt, C., Castro, J., de Carvalho, M., Gawel, M., Goedee, S., Grosskreutz, J., Lenglet, T., Moglia, C., Omer, T., Schrooten, M., Nandedkar, S., Stalberg, E., Barkhaus, P. E., Furtula, J., van Dijk, J. P., Baldinger, R., … Weber, M. (2019). Assessment of the reliability of the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in single subject “round-robin” and multi-centre settings. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(5), 666–674.Arasaki, K., Tamaki, M., Hosoya, Y., & Kudo, N. (1997). Validity of electromyograms and tension as a means of motor unit number estimation. In Muscle & Nerve (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 552–560). https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199705)20:5<552::aid-mus3>3.0.co;2-8Boekestein, W. A., Schelhaas, H. J., van Putten, M. J. A. M., Stegeman, D. F., Zwarts, M. J., & van Dijk, J. P. (2012). Motor unit number index (MUNIX) versus motor unit number estimation (MUNE): a direct comparison in a longitudinal study of ALS patients. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(8), 1644–1649.Bostock, H., Jacobsen, A. B., & Tankisi, H. (2019). Motor unit number index and compound muscle action potential amplitude. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(9), 1734–1740.Bromberg, M. B. (2004). Chapter 14 Motor unit number estimation: new techniques and new uses. In Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology, Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Clinical Neurophysiology, AAEM 50th Anniversary and 57th Annual Meeting of the ACNS Joint Meeting (pp. 120–136). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70350-2Bromberg, M. B. (2007). Updating motor unit number estimation (MUNE). In Clinical Neurophysiology (Vol. 118, Issue 1, pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.07.304Bromberg, M. B., & Brownell, A. A. (2008). Motor Unit Number Estimation in the Assessment of Performance and Function in Motor Neuron Disease. In Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America (Vol. 19, Issue 3, pp. 509–532). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2008.02.006Cao, B., Gu, X., Zhang, L., Hou, Y., Chen, Y., Wei, Q., Ou, R., & Shang, H. (2020). Reference values for the motor unit number index and the motor unit size index in five muscles. Muscle & Nerve, 61(5), 657–661.Carvalho, M. de, de Carvalho, M., Barkhaus, P. E., Nandedkar, S. D., & Swash, M. 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EVESURBIFBPUiBMQSBTRUNSRVRBUsONQSBHRU5FUkFMLiAqTEEgVEVTSVMgQSBQVUJMSUNBUiBERUJFIFNFUiBMQSBWRVJTScOTTiBGSU5BTCBBUFJPQkFEQS4gCgpBbCBoYWNlciBjbGljIGVuIGVsIHNpZ3VpZW50ZSBib3TDs24sIHVzdGVkIGluZGljYSBxdWUgZXN0w6EgZGUgYWN1ZXJkbyBjb24gZXN0b3MgdMOpcm1pbm9zLiBTaSB0aWVuZSBhbGd1bmEgZHVkYSBzb2JyZSBsYSBsaWNlbmNpYSwgcG9yIGZhdm9yLCBjb250YWN0ZSBjb24gZWwgYWRtaW5pc3RyYWRvciBkZWwgc2lzdGVtYS4KClVOSVZFUlNJREFEIE5BQ0lPTkFMIERFIENPTE9NQklBIC0gw5psdGltYSBtb2RpZmljYWNpw7NuIDE5LzEwLzIwMjEK