Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media.
Ilustraciones
- Autores:
-
Ramírez Gil, Francisco Javier
- Tipo de recurso:
- Doctoral thesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/80544
- Palabra clave:
- 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
Diseño de estructuras
Optimización estructural
Diseño de máquinas
Structural design
Structural optimization
Diseño mecánico
Mecánica computacional
Optimización estructural
Optimización topológica
Impacto de baja y media velocidad
Método de los Elementos Finitos
Mechanical design
Computational mechanics
Structural optimization
Topology optimization
Low- and medium-velocity impact
Finite element method
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Design of functionally graded plates using the topology optimization method for low and medium velocity impact applications. |
| title |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| spellingShingle |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada Diseño de estructuras Optimización estructural Diseño de máquinas Structural design Structural optimization Diseño mecánico Mecánica computacional Optimización estructural Optimización topológica Impacto de baja y media velocidad Método de los Elementos Finitos Mechanical design Computational mechanics Structural optimization Topology optimization Low- and medium-velocity impact Finite element method |
| title_short |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| title_full |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| title_fullStr |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| title_sort |
Diseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ramírez Gil, Francisco Javier |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Montealegre Rubio, Wilfredo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ramírez Gil, Francisco Javier |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de Diseño y Optimización Aplicada (DOA) |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada |
| topic |
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada Diseño de estructuras Optimización estructural Diseño de máquinas Structural design Structural optimization Diseño mecánico Mecánica computacional Optimización estructural Optimización topológica Impacto de baja y media velocidad Método de los Elementos Finitos Mechanical design Computational mechanics Structural optimization Topology optimization Low- and medium-velocity impact Finite element method |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Diseño de estructuras Optimización estructural Diseño de máquinas |
| dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv |
Structural design Structural optimization |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Diseño mecánico Mecánica computacional Optimización estructural Optimización topológica Impacto de baja y media velocidad Método de los Elementos Finitos |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Mechanical design Computational mechanics Structural optimization Topology optimization Low- and medium-velocity impact Finite element method |
| description |
Ilustraciones |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-13T20:06:46Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-13T20:06:46Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Doctorado |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
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Text |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
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acceptedVersion |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80544 |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80544 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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spa |
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spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Montealegre Rubio, Wilfredo49956ff564be90100169d447fcb63f80600Ramírez Gil, Francisco Javierd6e4003b89286dc3ab92f90c1b1a5037Grupo de Diseño y Optimización Aplicada (DOA)2021-10-13T20:06:46Z2021-10-13T20:06:46Z2021https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80544Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/IlustracionesLos materiales funcionalmente graduados (MFGs) son un tipo de compuestos en los que la microestructura, la composición u otras características se modifican de forma continua a través de una o varias direcciones, lo que permite una variación suave de las propiedades a lo largo del volumen. Este concepto también es aplicable a las estructuras, lo que se conoce como estructuras funcionalmente graduadas (EFGs). En particular, la idea de la gradación está ampliamente explotada en la naturaleza, por ejemplo, en los huesos, los dientes, los cuernos, los picos de las aves y la madera, donde la mayoría de las cargas son de tipo dinámico. Además, muchas de estas estructuras biológicas no solo son gradadas sino también porosas, lo que ayuda a la naturaleza a utilizar eficazmente el material y a construir estructuras ligeras. Así, siguiendo estos conceptos bioinspirados, esta investigación explora el diseño mediante el método de optimización topológica (MOT) de estructuras bajo cargas de impacto con porosidad gradada. Los impactos son fenómenos dinámicos de corta duración e intensidad elevada que pueden producir daños importantes a las estructuras impactadas. Dependiendo de la energía del impacto, el problema se puede modelar como un fenómeno transitorio lineal o un complejo problema que involucra parte o todas las formas de no linealidad como plasticidad, contacto y grandes deformaciones, desplazamientos y rotaciones. En esta tesis se trata el impacto en dos regímenes de acuerdo a la típica clasificación basada en la velocidad: impacto a baja velocidad que se modela como un fenómeno lineal e impacto a velocidad media en donde se incluirán todos los tipos de no linealidad. Para ello, se plantean dos líneas de investigación. La primera considera el diseño de estructuras bajo impacto lineal con el MOT basado en gradientes, la estructura se analiza mediante el método de los elementos finitos (MEF) y la ecuación de movimiento semidiscreta se integra en el tiempo con un método de integración directa implícito (Newmark). En esta línea se diseñan EFGs porosas a nivel macroscópico con porosidad variable de forma predefinida buscando la máxima rigidez y el mínimo peso cuando se aplican cargas transitorias. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, utilizamos una restricción local por elemento especificando límites superiores en el volumen de material localizado en la proximidad de cada elemento, la cual se trata como una norma $p$ para formar una restricción global equivalente para facilitar un proceso de optimización eficiente. Esta restricción se explora de varias maneras para producir diversos EFG porosas. Todo este proceso se implementa en MATLAB. El segundo enfoque considera el diseño de estructuras bajo impacto no lineal de media velocidad usando el MOT sin gradientes, el MEF considera todas las no linealidades y se utiliza un método de integración explícita (diferencia central). La porosidad aquí se logra mediante la restricción de la fracción de volumen de cada capa de una estructura multicapa. Este proceso se realiza en el software comercial LS-TaSC para la optimización y LS-Dyna para el análisis MEF. Las EFG porosas diseñadas en este trabajo pueden potencialmente satisfacer tanto las necesidades de ligereza como las de alta absorción de energía requeridas para aplicaciones sometidas a cargas de impacto, como en la industria automovilística, biomédica y quizás en otras más complejas como en la industria militar. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a kind of composites in which the microstructure, composition, or other characteristic is changed continuously through one or more directions allowing a smooth variation of properties over the volume. This concept is also applicable to structures where they are known as functionally graded structures (FGSs). In particular, the graded idea is widely exploited in nature, for instance, in bones, teeth, horns, bird beaks and wood, where most loads are of dynamic type. Moreover, most of these biological structures are not only graded, but also porous, which helps nature to use the material efficiently and to build lightweight structures. Thus, following these bio-inspired concepts, this research explores the design by the topology optimization method (TOM) of graded porous structures under impact loads. Impacts are dynamic phenomena of short duration and high intensity that can cause significant damage to impacted structures. Depending on the impact energy, the problem can be modeled as a linear transient phenomenon or a complex problem involving part or all forms of nonlinearity such as plasticity, contact and large deformations, large displacements and large rotations. In this thesis the impact is treated in two regimes according to the typical velocity-based classification: low velocity impact that is modeled as a linear phenomenon and medium velocity impact where all types of non-linearities will be included. To this end, two approaches are proposed. The first one considers the design of structures under linear impact with gradient-based TOM, the structure is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) and the semi-discrete equation of motion is integrated in time with an implicit direct integration method (Newmark). Herein, functionally graded porous structures (FGPSs) are designed at macroscopic level with varying porosity in a predefined way looking for the maximum stiffness and minimum weight when transient loads are applied. To achieve this objective, we use a local per-element constraints by specifying upper bounds on the localized material volume in the proximity of each element, which is treated as a $p$-norm to form an equivalent global constraint to facilitate an efficient optimization process. This constraint is explored in several ways to produce several porous FGS. % in 2D and 3D. This whole process is implemented in MATLAB. The second approach considers the design of structures under nonlinear medium velocity impact using the TOM without gradients, the FEM considers all nonlinearities and an explicit integration method (central difference) is used. Porosity here is achieved by constraining the volume fraction of each layer of a multilayer structure. This process is performed in the commercial software LS-TaSC for the optimization and LS-Dyna for the FEM analysis. The porous FGS designed in this work can potentially satisfy both the lightweight and high-energy-absorption properties required for applications under impact loads such as in automotive, biomedical industry and perhaps in more complex ones such as in the military industry.Beca Doctorado Nacional de Colciencias: convocatoria 567/2012 Locomotora de la innovación para el apoyo del desarrollo tecnológico (Colciencias): convocatoria 621/2013DoctoradoDoctor en IngenieríaDoctor en AntropologíaMecánica computacionalxxxiii, 226 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Minas - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Mecánica y MecatrónicaDepartamento de Ingeniería MecánicaFacultad de MinasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicadaDiseño de estructurasOptimización estructuralDiseño de máquinasStructural designStructural optimizationDiseño mecánicoMecánica computacionalOptimización estructuralOptimización topológicaImpacto de baja y media velocidadMétodo de los Elementos FinitosMechanical designComputational mechanicsStructural optimizationTopology optimizationLow- and medium-velocity impactFinite element methodDiseño de placas funcionalmente gradadas mediante el método de optimización topológica para aplicaciones de impacto a velocidad baja y media.Design of functionally graded plates using the topology optimization method for low and medium velocity impact applications.Trabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDAlmeida, S. 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