Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento
The objective of this work has been the development of porcelain stoneware pastes with raw materials of Colombian origin, with the same technical characteristics that currently have this type of products in the international context. For this purpose, different raw materials, including kaolinitic cl...
- Autores:
-
Ramírez Calderón, Yudi Ester
- Tipo de recurso:
- Work document
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/77932
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77932
- Palabra clave:
- 375 - Currículos
540 - Química y ciencias afines
666 - Cerámica y tecnologías afines
bleaching
fluxes
porcelain stoneware
water absorption
blanqueamiento
fundentes
gres porcelánico
absorción de agua
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNACIONAL2_1e12c183dae58b87d39cc4d212a7562b |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/77932 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
| network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| title |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| spellingShingle |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento 375 - Currículos 540 - Química y ciencias afines 666 - Cerámica y tecnologías afines bleaching fluxes porcelain stoneware water absorption blanqueamiento fundentes gres porcelánico absorción de agua |
| title_short |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| title_full |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| title_fullStr |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| title_sort |
Desarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamiento |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ramírez Calderón, Yudi Ester |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Carda Castelló, Juan Bautista Valencia Rios, Jesus Sigifredo |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ramírez Calderón, Yudi Ester |
| dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
375 - Currículos 540 - Química y ciencias afines 666 - Cerámica y tecnologías afines |
| topic |
375 - Currículos 540 - Química y ciencias afines 666 - Cerámica y tecnologías afines bleaching fluxes porcelain stoneware water absorption blanqueamiento fundentes gres porcelánico absorción de agua |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
bleaching fluxes porcelain stoneware water absorption |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
blanqueamiento fundentes gres porcelánico absorción de agua |
| description |
The objective of this work has been the development of porcelain stoneware pastes with raw materials of Colombian origin, with the same technical characteristics that currently have this type of products in the international context. For this purpose, different raw materials, including kaolinitic clays, feldspars and natural pozzolanas, have been studied from the central area of Colombia, specifically from the regions of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Santander. Some of these raw materials have contents of iron oxide above 1% and have been subjected to both physical and chemical benefit processes in order to reduce the amount of this coloring oxide. The heap leaching method with oxalic acid has presented the best results, with a reduction in iron oxide content of 60 wt%. In this work a natural pozzolana of the Boyacá region has also been used, which has shown a greater fluxing and reactivity behavior, compared to national feldspar. In addition, the incorporation of fluxes such as nepheline and recycled glass has been studied. With these raw materials, porcelain stoneware compositions have been developed, obtaining water absorption values lower than 0,5%, in a temperature range between 1160°C and 1200°C. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-08-05T09:13:10Z |
| dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-08-05T09:13:10Z |
| dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-05-29 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Documento de trabajo |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WP |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042 |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77932 |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77932 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abadir, M. F., Sallam, E. H., & Bakr, I. M. (2002). Preparation of porcelain tiles from Egyptian raw materials. Ceramics International, 28(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00095-5 Baba, A., Mosobalaje, M., Ibrahim, A., Girigisu, S., Eletta, O., Aluko, F., Adekola, F. (2015). Bleaching of a nigerian kaolin by oxalic acid leaching. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 50(5), 623–630 Caligaris, R., Quaranta, N., Caligaris, M., Benavidez, E. (2000) "Non-traditional raw materials in the ceramic industry". Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 39 (5), 623-626. Dondi, M., Ercolani, G., Melandri, C., Mingazzini, C., Marsigli,M. (1999) The chemical composition of porcelain stoneware tiles and its influence on microstructural and mechanical properties, Interceram 48(2), 75–83. Esposito, L., Salemb, A., Tuccia, A., Gualtieric, A.,& Jazayerid S.H. (2005). The use of nepheline-syenite in a body mix for porcelain stoneware tiles. Ceramics International, 31, 233–240 Fraga, D., Allepuz, S., Lázaro, C., Trilles, V., y Carda, J. (2012). Incorporación de residuos derivados de la fabricación cerámica y del vidrio reciclado en el proceso cerámico integral. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 51, 139-144. Guzmán, A., Delvasto, S., Sánchez, E., & Amigó, V. (2013). Cenizas del tamo de arroz como substituto del feldespato en la fabricación de cerámica Blanca. Boletín de La Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 52(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.32013 Hernández-Hernández, R., Legorreta-García, F., Hernández-Cruz, L., Chavez-Urbiola, E., & Salinas-Rodríguez, E. (2016). Kinetics of Iron Leaching from Kaolinitic Clay, Using Phosphoric Acid. Minerals, 6(3), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6030060 Jordan, M. M., Montero, M. A., Meseguer, S., Sanfeliu, T. (2008). Influence of firing temperature and mineralogical composition on bending strength and porosity of ceramic tile bodies. Applied Clay Science, 42(1–2), 266–271. Kamseu, E., Leonelli, E., Boccaccini, D.N., Veronesi, P., Miselli, P., Giancarlo Pellacani., Chinje Melo, U. (2007). Characterisation of porcelain compositions using two china clays from Cameroon. Ceramics International, 33, 851–857 Lee, V. G., Yeh, T. H. (2008). Sintering effects on the development of mechanical properties of fired clay ceramics. Materials Science and Engineering A, 485(1–2), 5–13. Monteiro, S.N., & Vieira, C.M.F. (2004). Influence of firing temperature on the ceramic properties of clays from Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. Applied Clay Science, 27, 229–234 Nwoye, C. I., Ejimofor, R. A., Nlebedim, C., & Nwoye, U. C. (2009). Model for calculating the solution ph during hydrogen peroxide leaching of iron oxide Ore. Nature and Science, 7(3), 48–54. Ocampo–López, C., Ramírez–Carmona, M.E., Vélez–Ortiz, E. (2013) “Thermodynamic analysis of stability in iron removal from kaolin by using oxalic acid”. Ceramica, 59(350), 326–330. Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulus, A. (1996). Mechanism of dissolution of iron oxides in aqueous oxalic acid solutions, Hydrometallurgy, 42 (2), pp. 257-265. Quaranta, N., Caligaris, M., López, H., Unsen, M. and Lalla, N. (2009). "Inclusion of industrial waste in the production of ceramic materials". Group of environmental studies - San Nicolás Regional Faculty – National Technological University, Colón 332, San Nicolás-Argentina. Rambaldi, E., Carty, W. M., Tucci, A., & Esposito, L. (2007). Using waste glass as a partial flux substitution and pyroplastic deformation of a porcelain stoneware tile body. Ceramics International, 33(5), 727–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.12.010 Silva, R. V., de Brito, J., Lye, C. Q., & Dhir, R. K. (2018). The role of glass waste in the production of ceramic-based products and other applications: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 346–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.185 Tucci, A., Rambaldi, E., & Esposito, L. (2005). Use of scrap glass as raw material for porcelain stoneware tiles. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 105(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1179/174367606x81713 Ustundag, C.B., Tur, Y.K., Capoglu, A. (2006). Mechanical behaviour of a low clay translucent whiteware. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26 (1-2), 169-177. Vieira, C. M. F., Sánchez, R., Monteiro, S. N. (2008). Characteristics of clays and properties of building ceramics in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Construction and Building Materials, 22(5), 781–787. Zanelli, C., Raimondo, M., Guarini, G., Dondi, M. (2011). The vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware: Composition, evolution during sintering and physical properties. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357(16–17), 3251–3260. |
| dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acceso abierto |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia Acceso abierto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
138 |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá - Ingeniería - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales |
| dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/1/52929547.2020.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/3/license_rdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/2/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/4/52929547.2020.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
dfb2099fbf19e64b42df251b3f6faaf2 dab767be7a093b539031785b3bf95490 6f3f13b02594d02ad110b3ad534cd5df e5170461e816c9eeddee1e355406b4a8 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1806886380421251072 |
| spelling |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de ColombiaAcceso abiertohttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Carda Castelló, Juan Bautista8bfdeb69-f3ef-404b-b89a-21540f763c24-1Valencia Rios, Jesus Sigifredo21897631-d6b1-4fa1-b898-30687f4cf1ce-1Ramírez Calderón, Yudi Estercfe2c9a7-d73b-4ffe-b6e1-9a148709df22Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica2020-08-05T09:13:10Z2020-08-05T09:13:10Z2020-05-29https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77932The objective of this work has been the development of porcelain stoneware pastes with raw materials of Colombian origin, with the same technical characteristics that currently have this type of products in the international context. For this purpose, different raw materials, including kaolinitic clays, feldspars and natural pozzolanas, have been studied from the central area of Colombia, specifically from the regions of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Santander. Some of these raw materials have contents of iron oxide above 1% and have been subjected to both physical and chemical benefit processes in order to reduce the amount of this coloring oxide. The heap leaching method with oxalic acid has presented the best results, with a reduction in iron oxide content of 60 wt%. In this work a natural pozzolana of the Boyacá region has also been used, which has shown a greater fluxing and reactivity behavior, compared to national feldspar. In addition, the incorporation of fluxes such as nepheline and recycled glass has been studied. With these raw materials, porcelain stoneware compositions have been developed, obtaining water absorption values lower than 0,5%, in a temperature range between 1160°C and 1200°C.El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el desarrollo de pastas de gres porcelánico con materias primas de origen colombiano, con las mismas características técnicas que actualmente poseen este tipo de productos en el contexto internacional. Para ello, se han estudiado diferentes materias primas, comprendidas entre arcillas caoliníticas, feldespatos y puzolanas naturales, procedentes de la zona centro de Colombia, específicamente de las regiones de Boyacá, Cundinamarca y Santander. Algunas de estas materias primas poseen contenidos de óxido de hierro por encima del 1%, por lo que han sido sometidas a procesos de beneficio tanto físicos como químicos con el propósito de disminuir la cantidad de este óxido colorante. El método de apilamiento y posterior lixiviación con ácido oxálico, ha presentado los mejores resultados, con una reducción en contenido de óxido de hierro de un 60% en peso. En este trabajo también se ha utilizado una puzolana natural de la región de Boyacá, la cual ha mostrado mayor fundencia y reactividad, comparada con un feldespato nacional. Además, se ha estudiado la adición de fundentes como la nefelina y vidrio reciclado. Con estas materias primas, se han desarrollado composiciones de pasta de gres porcelánico, obteniendo valores de absorción de agua inferiores a 0,5%, en un rango de temperaturas comprendidas entre 1160ºC y 1200ºC.Doctorado138application/pdfspa375 - Currículos540 - Química y ciencias afines666 - Cerámica y tecnologías afinesbleachingfluxesporcelain stonewarewater absorptionblanqueamientofundentesgres porcelánicoabsorción de aguaDesarrollo de un gres porcelánico incorporando arcillas colombianas sometidas a un proceso de blanqueamientoDocumento de trabajoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaperinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WPBogotá - Ingeniería - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de MaterialesUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede BogotáAbadir, M. F., Sallam, E. H., & Bakr, I. M. (2002). Preparation of porcelain tiles from Egyptian raw materials. Ceramics International, 28(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00095-5Baba, A., Mosobalaje, M., Ibrahim, A., Girigisu, S., Eletta, O., Aluko, F., Adekola, F. (2015). Bleaching of a nigerian kaolin by oxalic acid leaching. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 50(5), 623–630Caligaris, R., Quaranta, N., Caligaris, M., Benavidez, E. (2000) "Non-traditional raw materials in the ceramic industry". Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 39 (5), 623-626.Dondi, M., Ercolani, G., Melandri, C., Mingazzini, C., Marsigli,M. (1999) The chemical composition of porcelain stoneware tiles and its influence on microstructural and mechanical properties, Interceram 48(2), 75–83.Esposito, L., Salemb, A., Tuccia, A., Gualtieric, A.,& Jazayerid S.H. (2005). The use of nepheline-syenite in a body mix for porcelain stoneware tiles. Ceramics International, 31, 233–240Fraga, D., Allepuz, S., Lázaro, C., Trilles, V., y Carda, J. (2012). Incorporación de residuos derivados de la fabricación cerámica y del vidrio reciclado en el proceso cerámico integral. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 51, 139-144.Guzmán, A., Delvasto, S., Sánchez, E., & Amigó, V. (2013). Cenizas del tamo de arroz como substituto del feldespato en la fabricación de cerámica Blanca. Boletín de La Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 52(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.32013Hernández-Hernández, R., Legorreta-García, F., Hernández-Cruz, L., Chavez-Urbiola, E., & Salinas-Rodríguez, E. (2016). Kinetics of Iron Leaching from Kaolinitic Clay, Using Phosphoric Acid. Minerals, 6(3), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6030060Jordan, M. M., Montero, M. A., Meseguer, S., Sanfeliu, T. (2008). Influence of firing temperature and mineralogical composition on bending strength and porosity of ceramic tile bodies. Applied Clay Science, 42(1–2), 266–271.Kamseu, E., Leonelli, E., Boccaccini, D.N., Veronesi, P., Miselli, P., Giancarlo Pellacani., Chinje Melo, U. (2007). Characterisation of porcelain compositions using two china clays from Cameroon. Ceramics International, 33, 851–857Lee, V. G., Yeh, T. H. (2008). Sintering effects on the development of mechanical properties of fired clay ceramics. Materials Science and Engineering A, 485(1–2), 5–13.Monteiro, S.N., & Vieira, C.M.F. (2004). Influence of firing temperature on the ceramic properties of clays from Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. Applied Clay Science, 27, 229–234Nwoye, C. I., Ejimofor, R. A., Nlebedim, C., & Nwoye, U. C. (2009). Model for calculating the solution ph during hydrogen peroxide leaching of iron oxide Ore. Nature and Science, 7(3), 48–54.Ocampo–López, C., Ramírez–Carmona, M.E., Vélez–Ortiz, E. (2013) “Thermodynamic analysis of stability in iron removal from kaolin by using oxalic acid”. Ceramica, 59(350), 326–330.Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulus, A. (1996). Mechanism of dissolution of iron oxides in aqueous oxalic acid solutions, Hydrometallurgy, 42 (2), pp. 257-265.Quaranta, N., Caligaris, M., López, H., Unsen, M. and Lalla, N. (2009). "Inclusion of industrial waste in the production of ceramic materials". Group of environmental studies - San Nicolás Regional Faculty – National Technological University, Colón 332, San Nicolás-Argentina.Rambaldi, E., Carty, W. M., Tucci, A., & Esposito, L. (2007). Using waste glass as a partial flux substitution and pyroplastic deformation of a porcelain stoneware tile body. Ceramics International, 33(5), 727–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.12.010Silva, R. V., de Brito, J., Lye, C. Q., & Dhir, R. K. (2018). The role of glass waste in the production of ceramic-based products and other applications: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 346–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.185Tucci, A., Rambaldi, E., & Esposito, L. (2005). Use of scrap glass as raw material for porcelain stoneware tiles. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 105(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1179/174367606x81713Ustundag, C.B., Tur, Y.K., Capoglu, A. (2006). Mechanical behaviour of a low clay translucent whiteware. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26 (1-2), 169-177.Vieira, C. M. F., Sánchez, R., Monteiro, S. N. (2008). Characteristics of clays and properties of building ceramics in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Construction and Building Materials, 22(5), 781–787.Zanelli, C., Raimondo, M., Guarini, G., Dondi, M. (2011). The vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware: Composition, evolution during sintering and physical properties. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357(16–17), 3251–3260.ORIGINAL52929547.2020.pdf52929547.2020.pdfapplication/pdf4893604https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/1/52929547.2020.pdfdfb2099fbf19e64b42df251b3f6faaf2MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/3/license_rdfdab767be7a093b539031785b3bf95490MD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83991https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/2/license.txt6f3f13b02594d02ad110b3ad534cd5dfMD52THUMBNAIL52929547.2020.pdf.jpg52929547.2020.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5330https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77932/4/52929547.2020.pdf.jpge5170461e816c9eeddee1e355406b4a8MD54unal/77932oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/779322024-07-18 23:10:24.733Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |