Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports
Este trabajo presenta la revisión de estudios empíricos, que pusieron a prueba la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado propuesta por Rottenberg (1956), en diferentes deportes y con grupos particulares de espectadores. En primer lugar, se revisan los aspectos teóricos relativos a la Hipótesis...
- Autores:
-
Molano Ramirez, Jose Reynaldo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82935
- Palabra clave:
- INCERTIDUMBRE (ECONOMIA)
Uncertainty
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis
Sports attendance
Outcome uncertainty
Hipótesis de incertidumbre de resultado
Incertidumbre de resultado
Asistencia a deportes
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNACIONAL2_1ba27b6166dc4834f91a24f4c33c9aef |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82935 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
| network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hipótesis de la incertidumbre de resultado en deportes |
| title |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| spellingShingle |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports INCERTIDUMBRE (ECONOMIA) Uncertainty Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis Sports attendance Outcome uncertainty Hipótesis de incertidumbre de resultado Incertidumbre de resultado Asistencia a deportes |
| title_short |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| title_full |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| title_fullStr |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| title_sort |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sports |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Molano Ramirez, Jose Reynaldo |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Stadtmann, Georg Rodriguez Romero, Carlos Alberto |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Molano Ramirez, Jose Reynaldo |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
INCERTIDUMBRE (ECONOMIA) |
| topic |
INCERTIDUMBRE (ECONOMIA) Uncertainty Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis Sports attendance Outcome uncertainty Hipótesis de incertidumbre de resultado Incertidumbre de resultado Asistencia a deportes |
| dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv |
Uncertainty |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis Sports attendance Outcome uncertainty |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hipótesis de incertidumbre de resultado Incertidumbre de resultado Asistencia a deportes |
| description |
Este trabajo presenta la revisión de estudios empíricos, que pusieron a prueba la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado propuesta por Rottenberg (1956), en diferentes deportes y con grupos particulares de espectadores. En primer lugar, se revisan los aspectos teóricos relativos a la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, el equilibrio competitivo, la incertidumbre del resultado del juego, los determinantes de la asistencia a los deportes, entre otros. Además, considera siete artículos empíricos seleccionados críticamente y los compara en función de variables y resultados compartidos. Este trabajo explora investigaciones realizadas en la Liga Nacional de Hockey, el fútbol alemán, el béisbol coreano, la Major League Soccer, el fútbol holandés y el críquet. El análisis de esta selección concluye con que la mayoría de los estudios rechazan la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, aunque no represente una conclusión sólida debido a la diversidad de deportes y grupos analizados (Texto tomado de la fuente). |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-23 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-16T14:36:14Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-16T14:36:14Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82935 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82935 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Benz, M.-A., Brandes, L., & Franck, E. (2009). Do soccer associations really spend on a good thing? Empirical evidence on heterogeneity in the consumer response to match uncertainty of outcome. Contemporary Economic Policy, 27(2), 216-235. Besters, L. M., van Ours, J. C., & van Tuijl, M. A. (2019). How outcome uncertainty, loss aversion and team quality affect stadium attendance in Dutch professional football. Journal of Economic Psychology, 72, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.03.002 Cairns, J., Jennet, N., Sloane, P.J. (1986). The economics of professional team sports: A survey of theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Studies, 13, 3-80. Coates, D., & Humphreys, B. R. (2012). Game Attendance and Outcome Uncertainty in the National Hockey League. In Journal of Sports Economics (Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 364-377). https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002512450260 Coates, D., Humphreys, B. R., & Zhou, L. (2014). Reference-dependent preferences, loss aversion, and live game attendance. Economic Inquiry, 52(3), 959-973. Czarnitzki, D., & Stadtmann, G. (2002). Uncertainty of outcome versus reputation: Empirical evidence for the First German Football Division. In Empirical Economics (Vol. 27). Groot, L.F.M. (2008). Economics, Uncertainty and European Football: Trends in Competitive Balance. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Havard, C. T., Gray, D. P., Gould, J., Sharp, L. A., & Schaffer, J. J. (2013). Development and validation of the sport rivalry fan perception scale (SRFPS). Journal of Sport Behavior, 36(1), 45-65. Jane, W. J. (2014). The Relationship Between Outcome Uncertainties and Match Attendance: New Evidence in the National Basketball Association. Review of Industrial Organization, 45(2), 177-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-014-9436-x Jewell, R. T., & Molina, D. J. (2005). An evaluation of the relationship between Hispanics and Major League Soccer. Journal of Sports Economics, 6(2), 160-177. Kahnemann, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291. Lahvicka, J. (2013). Does match uncertainty increase attendance? A non-regression approach. MPRA Paper No. 48571. Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, University of Munich. Lawson, R. A., Sheehan, K., & Stephenson, E. F. (2008). Vend it like Beckham: David Beckham's effect on MLS ticket sales. International Journal of Sport Finance, 3(4), 189-195. Lee, Y. H., Jang, H., & Fort, R. (2016). Just looking for a good game: competitive balance in the Korean Professional Baseball League. Applied Economics, 48(33), 3104-3115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1136393 Mills, B. M., Tainsky, S., Green, B. C., & Leopkey, C. (2017). The ultimatum game in the college football rivalry context. Journal of Sport Management, 32(1), 11-23. http://dx.doi.org10.1123/jsm.2017-0094. Neale, W.C. (1964). The peculiar economics of professional team sports. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 78(1),1-14. Plumley, D., Ramchandani, G., & Wilson, R. (2018). Mind the gap: an analysis of competitive balance in the English Football League system. In Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing (Vol. 18, Issue 5). Rottenberg, S. (1956). The Baseball Players' Labor Market. Journal of Political Economy, 64(3), 242-258 Sacheti, A., Gregory-Smith, I., & Paton, D. (2014). Uncertainty of outcome or strengths of teams: an economic analysis of attendance demand for international cricket. Applied Economics, 46(17), 2034-2046. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.892203 Sauer, R. D. (1998). The Economics of Wagering Markets. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(4), 2012-2064. Schreyer, D., & Ansari, P. (2021). Stadium Attendance Demand Research: A Scoping Review. Journal of Sports Economics. https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211000404 Schreyer, D., Schmidt, S. L., & Torgler, B. (2016). Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders' stadium attendance demand. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 192-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.07.006 Sloan, L. R. (1979). The function and impact of sports for fans: A review of theory and contemporary research. Sports, games, and play: Social and psychological viewpoints, 1, 219-262. Szymanski, S., & Winfree, J. (2018). On the optimal realignment of a contest: The case of college football. Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 483–496. Sung, H., & Mills, B. M. (2018). Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.12.002 Sung, S. H., Hong, D. S., & Sul, S. Y. (2020). How we can enhance spectator attendance for the sustainable development of sport in the era of uncertainty: A re-examination of competitive balance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(17). |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
iv, 32 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá - Ciencias Económicas - Maestría en Administración |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá, Colombia |
| dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82935/1/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82935/2/1014242624.2021.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82935/3/1014242624.2021.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a 84ab9a404a83fc1d6c6b80a4c4f3f4e4 bf14567cd10069ae9bbf49ff8ec7232d |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814089254980026368 |
| spelling |
Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Stadtmann, Georg898a7a5d376c884a33709d51c7cbff44Rodriguez Romero, Carlos Albertoebdcedfb8856b633a40e6c2c0a9abaddMolano Ramirez, Jose Reynaldo5351d95cfef088bd8caa2476c18d72382023-01-16T14:36:14Z2023-01-16T14:36:14Z2021-12-23https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82935Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/Este trabajo presenta la revisión de estudios empíricos, que pusieron a prueba la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado propuesta por Rottenberg (1956), en diferentes deportes y con grupos particulares de espectadores. En primer lugar, se revisan los aspectos teóricos relativos a la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, el equilibrio competitivo, la incertidumbre del resultado del juego, los determinantes de la asistencia a los deportes, entre otros. Además, considera siete artículos empíricos seleccionados críticamente y los compara en función de variables y resultados compartidos. Este trabajo explora investigaciones realizadas en la Liga Nacional de Hockey, el fútbol alemán, el béisbol coreano, la Major League Soccer, el fútbol holandés y el críquet. El análisis de esta selección concluye con que la mayoría de los estudios rechazan la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, aunque no represente una conclusión sólida debido a la diversidad de deportes y grupos analizados (Texto tomado de la fuente).This work presents the revision of empirical studies, which tested the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis proposed by Rottenberg (1956), in different sports and with particular groups of spectators. First, it reviews the theoretical aspects concerning the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis, competitive balance, game outcome uncertainty, determinants of sports attendance, among others. Furthermore, it considers seven critically selected empirical articles and compares them based on shared variables and results. This work explores research done in the National Hockey League, German soccer, Korean baseball, Major League Soccer, Dutch soccer, and cricket. The analysis of this selection concluded with most of the studies rejecting the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis, even though it does not represent a solid conclusion due to the diversity of sports and groups analyzed.MaestríaMagíster en Administracióniv, 32 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias Económicas - Maestría en AdministraciónFacultad de Ciencias EconómicasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede BogotáUncertainty of outcome hypothesis in sportsHipótesis de la incertidumbre de resultado en deportesTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMBenz, M.-A., Brandes, L., & Franck, E. (2009). Do soccer associations really spend on a good thing? Empirical evidence on heterogeneity in the consumer response to match uncertainty of outcome. Contemporary Economic Policy, 27(2), 216-235.Besters, L. M., van Ours, J. C., & van Tuijl, M. A. (2019). How outcome uncertainty, loss aversion and team quality affect stadium attendance in Dutch professional football. Journal of Economic Psychology, 72, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.03.002Cairns, J., Jennet, N., Sloane, P.J. (1986). The economics of professional team sports: A survey of theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Studies, 13, 3-80.Coates, D., & Humphreys, B. R. (2012). Game Attendance and Outcome Uncertainty in the National Hockey League. In Journal of Sports Economics (Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 364-377). https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002512450260Coates, D., Humphreys, B. R., & Zhou, L. (2014). Reference-dependent preferences, loss aversion, and live game attendance. Economic Inquiry, 52(3), 959-973.Czarnitzki, D., & Stadtmann, G. (2002). Uncertainty of outcome versus reputation: Empirical evidence for the First German Football Division. In Empirical Economics (Vol. 27).Groot, L.F.M. (2008). Economics, Uncertainty and European Football: Trends in Competitive Balance. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.Havard, C. T., Gray, D. P., Gould, J., Sharp, L. A., & Schaffer, J. J. (2013). Development and validation of the sport rivalry fan perception scale (SRFPS). Journal of Sport Behavior, 36(1), 45-65.Jane, W. J. (2014). The Relationship Between Outcome Uncertainties and Match Attendance: New Evidence in the National Basketball Association. Review of Industrial Organization, 45(2), 177-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-014-9436-xJewell, R. T., & Molina, D. J. (2005). An evaluation of the relationship between Hispanics and Major League Soccer. Journal of Sports Economics, 6(2), 160-177.Kahnemann, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291.Lahvicka, J. (2013). Does match uncertainty increase attendance? A non-regression approach. MPRA Paper No. 48571. Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, University of Munich.Lawson, R. A., Sheehan, K., & Stephenson, E. F. (2008). Vend it like Beckham: David Beckham's effect on MLS ticket sales. International Journal of Sport Finance, 3(4), 189-195.Lee, Y. H., Jang, H., & Fort, R. (2016). Just looking for a good game: competitive balance in the Korean Professional Baseball League. Applied Economics, 48(33), 3104-3115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1136393Mills, B. M., Tainsky, S., Green, B. C., & Leopkey, C. (2017). The ultimatum game in the college football rivalry context. Journal of Sport Management, 32(1), 11-23. http://dx.doi.org10.1123/jsm.2017-0094.Neale, W.C. (1964). The peculiar economics of professional team sports. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 78(1),1-14.Plumley, D., Ramchandani, G., & Wilson, R. (2018). Mind the gap: an analysis of competitive balance in the English Football League system. In Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing (Vol. 18, Issue 5).Rottenberg, S. (1956). The Baseball Players' Labor Market. Journal of Political Economy, 64(3), 242-258Sacheti, A., Gregory-Smith, I., & Paton, D. (2014). Uncertainty of outcome or strengths of teams: an economic analysis of attendance demand for international cricket. Applied Economics, 46(17), 2034-2046. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.892203Sauer, R. D. (1998). The Economics of Wagering Markets. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(4), 2012-2064.Schreyer, D., & Ansari, P. (2021). Stadium Attendance Demand Research: A Scoping Review. Journal of Sports Economics. https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211000404Schreyer, D., Schmidt, S. L., & Torgler, B. (2016). Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders' stadium attendance demand. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 192-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.07.006Sloan, L. R. (1979). The function and impact of sports for fans: A review of theory and contemporary research. Sports, games, and play: Social and psychological viewpoints, 1, 219-262.Szymanski, S., & Winfree, J. (2018). On the optimal realignment of a contest: The case of college football. Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 483–496.Sung, H., & Mills, B. M. (2018). Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.12.002Sung, S. H., Hong, D. S., & Sul, S. Y. (2020). How we can enhance spectator attendance for the sustainable development of sport in the era of uncertainty: A re-examination of competitive balance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(17).INCERTIDUMBRE (ECONOMIA)UncertaintyUncertainty of outcome hypothesisSports attendanceOutcome uncertaintyHipótesis de incertidumbre de resultadoIncertidumbre de resultadoAsistencia a deportesEstudiantesPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82935/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1014242624.2021.pdf1014242624.2021.pdfTesis de Maestría en Administraciónapplication/pdf1345150https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82935/2/1014242624.2021.pdf84ab9a404a83fc1d6c6b80a4c4f3f4e4MD52THUMBNAIL1014242624.2021.pdf.jpg1014242624.2021.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4391https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82935/3/1014242624.2021.pdf.jpgbf14567cd10069ae9bbf49ff8ec7232dMD53unal/82935oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/829352023-08-13 23:03:57.063Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.coUEFSVEUgMS4gVMOJUk1JTk9TIERFIExBIExJQ0VOQ0lBIFBBUkEgUFVCTElDQUNJw5NOIERFIE9CUkFTIEVOIEVMIFJFUE9TSVRPUklPIElOU1RJVFVDSU9OQUwgVU5BTC4KCkxvcyBhdXRvcmVzIHkvbyB0aXR1bGFyZXMgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIHBhdHJpbW9uaWFsZXMgZGUgYXV0b3IsIGNvbmZpZXJlbiBhIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBubyBleGNsdXNpdmEsIGxpbWl0YWRhIHkgZ3JhdHVpdGEgc29icmUgbGEgb2JyYSBxdWUgc2UgaW50ZWdyYSBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsLCBiYWpvIGxvcyBzaWd1aWVudGVzIHTDqXJtaW5vczoKCgphKQlMb3MgYXV0b3JlcyB5L28gbG9zIHRpdHVsYXJlcyBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBkZSBhdXRvciBzb2JyZSBsYSBvYnJhIGNvbmZpZXJlbiBhIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBubyBleGNsdXNpdmEgcGFyYSByZWFsaXphciBsb3Mgc2lndWllbnRlcyBhY3RvcyBzb2JyZSBsYSBvYnJhOiBpKSByZXByb2R1Y2lyIGxhIG9icmEgZGUgbWFuZXJhIGRpZ2l0YWwsIHBlcm1hbmVudGUgbyB0ZW1wb3JhbCwgaW5jbHV5ZW5kbyBlbCBhbG1hY2VuYW1pZW50byBlbGVjdHLDs25pY28sIGFzw60gY29tbyBjb252ZXJ0aXIgZWwgZG9jdW1lbnRvIGVuIGVsIGN1YWwgc2UgZW5jdWVudHJhIGNvbnRlbmlkYSBsYSBvYnJhIGEgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG1lZGlvIG8gZm9ybWF0byBleGlzdGVudGUgYSBsYSBmZWNoYSBkZSBsYSBzdXNjcmlwY2nDs24gZGUgbGEgcHJlc2VudGUgbGljZW5jaWEsIHkgaWkpIGNvbXVuaWNhciBhbCBww7pibGljbyBsYSBvYnJhIHBvciBjdWFscXVpZXIgbWVkaW8gbyBwcm9jZWRpbWllbnRvLCBlbiBtZWRpb3MgYWzDoW1icmljb3MgbyBpbmFsw6FtYnJpY29zLCBpbmNsdXllbmRvIGxhIHB1ZXN0YSBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBlbiBhY2Nlc28gYWJpZXJ0by4gQWRpY2lvbmFsIGEgbG8gYW50ZXJpb3IsIGVsIGF1dG9yIHkvbyB0aXR1bGFyIGF1dG9yaXphIGEgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgTmFjaW9uYWwgZGUgQ29sb21iaWEgcGFyYSBxdWUsIGVuIGxhIHJlcHJvZHVjY2nDs24geSBjb211bmljYWNpw7NuIGFsIHDDumJsaWNvIHF1ZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCByZWFsaWNlIHNvYnJlIGxhIG9icmEsIGhhZ2EgbWVuY2nDs24gZGUgbWFuZXJhIGV4cHJlc2EgYWwgdGlwbyBkZSBsaWNlbmNpYSBDcmVhdGl2ZSBDb21tb25zIGJham8gbGEgY3VhbCBlbCBhdXRvciB5L28gdGl0dWxhciBkZXNlYSBvZnJlY2VyIHN1IG9icmEgYSBsb3MgdGVyY2Vyb3MgcXVlIGFjY2VkYW4gYSBkaWNoYSBvYnJhIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yaW8gSW5zdGl0dWNpb25hbCwgY3VhbmRvIHNlYSBlbCBjYXNvLiBFbCBhdXRvciB5L28gdGl0dWxhciBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBkZSBhdXRvciBwb2Ryw6EgZGFyIHBvciB0ZXJtaW5hZGEgbGEgcHJlc2VudGUgbGljZW5jaWEgbWVkaWFudGUgc29saWNpdHVkIGVsZXZhZGEgYSBsYSBEaXJlY2Npw7NuIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIEJpYmxpb3RlY2FzIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhLiAKCmIpIAlMb3MgYXV0b3JlcyB5L28gdGl0dWxhcmVzIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBwYXRyaW1vbmlhbGVzIGRlIGF1dG9yIHNvYnJlIGxhIG9icmEgY29uZmllcmVuIGxhIGxpY2VuY2lhIHNlw7FhbGFkYSBlbiBlbCBsaXRlcmFsIGEpIGRlbCBwcmVzZW50ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8gcG9yIGVsIHRpZW1wbyBkZSBwcm90ZWNjacOzbiBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIHRvZG9zIGxvcyBwYcOtc2VzIGRlbCBtdW5kbywgZXN0byBlcywgc2luIGxpbWl0YWNpw7NuIHRlcnJpdG9yaWFsIGFsZ3VuYS4KCmMpCUxvcyBhdXRvcmVzIHkvbyB0aXR1bGFyZXMgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBkZSBhdXRvciBtYW5pZmllc3RhbiBlc3RhciBkZSBhY3VlcmRvIGNvbiBxdWUgbGEgcHJlc2VudGUgbGljZW5jaWEgc2Ugb3RvcmdhIGEgdMOtdHVsbyBncmF0dWl0bywgcG9yIGxvIHRhbnRvLCByZW51bmNpYW4gYSByZWNpYmlyIGN1YWxxdWllciByZXRyaWJ1Y2nDs24gZWNvbsOzbWljYSBvIGVtb2x1bWVudG8gYWxndW5vIHBvciBsYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24sIGRpc3RyaWJ1Y2nDs24sIGNvbXVuaWNhY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgeSBjdWFscXVpZXIgb3RybyB1c28gcXVlIHNlIGhhZ2EgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBsYSBwcmVzZW50ZSBsaWNlbmNpYSB5IGRlIGxhIGxpY2VuY2lhIENyZWF0aXZlIENvbW1vbnMgY29uIHF1ZSBzZSBwdWJsaWNhLgoKZCkJUXVpZW5lcyBmaXJtYW4gZWwgcHJlc2VudGUgZG9jdW1lbnRvIGRlY2xhcmFuIHF1ZSBwYXJhIGxhIGNyZWFjacOzbiBkZSBsYSBvYnJhLCBubyBzZSBoYW4gdnVsbmVyYWRvIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBwcm9waWVkYWQgaW50ZWxlY3R1YWwsIGluZHVzdHJpYWwsIG1vcmFsZXMgeSBwYXRyaW1vbmlhbGVzIGRlIHRlcmNlcm9zLiBEZSBvdHJhIHBhcnRlLCAgcmVjb25vY2VuIHF1ZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBOYWNpb25hbCBkZSBDb2xvbWJpYSBhY3TDumEgY29tbyB1biB0ZXJjZXJvIGRlIGJ1ZW5hIGZlIHkgc2UgZW5jdWVudHJhIGV4ZW50YSBkZSBjdWxwYSBlbiBjYXNvIGRlIHByZXNlbnRhcnNlIGFsZ8O6biB0aXBvIGRlIHJlY2xhbWFjacOzbiBlbiBtYXRlcmlhIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIG8gcHJvcGllZGFkIGludGVsZWN0dWFsIGVuIGdlbmVyYWwuIFBvciBsbyB0YW50bywgbG9zIGZpcm1hbnRlcyAgYWNlcHRhbiBxdWUgY29tbyB0aXR1bGFyZXMgw7puaWNvcyBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgYXN1bWlyw6FuIHRvZGEgbGEgcmVzcG9uc2FiaWxpZGFkIGNpdmlsLCBhZG1pbmlzdHJhdGl2YSB5L28gcGVuYWwgcXVlIHB1ZWRhIGRlcml2YXJzZSBkZSBsYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gZGUgbGEgb2JyYS4gIAoKZikJQXV0b3JpemFuIGEgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgTmFjaW9uYWwgZGUgQ29sb21iaWEgaW5jbHVpciBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIGxvcyBhZ3JlZ2Fkb3JlcyBkZSBjb250ZW5pZG9zLCBidXNjYWRvcmVzIGFjYWTDqW1pY29zLCBtZXRhYnVzY2Fkb3Jlcywgw61uZGljZXMgeSBkZW3DoXMgbWVkaW9zIHF1ZSBzZSBlc3RpbWVuIG5lY2VzYXJpb3MgcGFyYSBwcm9tb3ZlciBlbCBhY2Nlc28geSBjb25zdWx0YSBkZSBsYSBtaXNtYS4gCgpnKQlFbiBlbCBjYXNvIGRlIGxhcyB0ZXNpcyBjcmVhZGFzIHBhcmEgb3B0YXIgZG9ibGUgdGl0dWxhY2nDs24sIGxvcyBmaXJtYW50ZXMgc2Vyw6FuIGxvcyByZXNwb25zYWJsZXMgZGUgY29tdW5pY2FyIGEgbGFzIGluc3RpdHVjaW9uZXMgbmFjaW9uYWxlcyBvIGV4dHJhbmplcmFzIGVuIGNvbnZlbmlvLCBsYXMgbGljZW5jaWFzIGRlIGFjY2VzbyBhYmllcnRvIENyZWF0aXZlIENvbW1vbnMgeSBhdXRvcml6YWNpb25lcyBhc2lnbmFkYXMgYSBzdSBvYnJhIHBhcmEgbGEgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuIGVuIGVsIFJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgVU5BTCBkZSBhY3VlcmRvIGNvbiBsYXMgZGlyZWN0cmljZXMgZGUgbGEgUG9sw610aWNhIEdlbmVyYWwgZGUgbGEgQmlibGlvdGVjYSBEaWdpdGFsLgoKCmgpCVNlIGF1dG9yaXphIGEgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgTmFjaW9uYWwgZGUgQ29sb21iaWEgY29tbyByZXNwb25zYWJsZSBkZWwgdHJhdGFtaWVudG8gZGUgZGF0b3MgcGVyc29uYWxlcywgZGUgYWN1ZXJkbyBjb24gbGEgbGV5IDE1ODEgZGUgMjAxMiBlbnRlbmRpZW5kbyBxdWUgc2UgZW5jdWVudHJhbiBiYWpvIG1lZGlkYXMgcXVlIGdhcmFudGl6YW4gbGEgc2VndXJpZGFkLCBjb25maWRlbmNpYWxpZGFkIGUgaW50ZWdyaWRhZCwgeSBzdSB0cmF0YW1pZW50byB0aWVuZSB1bmEgZmluYWxpZGFkIGhpc3TDs3JpY2EsIGVzdGFkw61zdGljYSBvIGNpZW50w61maWNhIHNlZ8O6biBsbyBkaXNwdWVzdG8gZW4gbGEgUG9sw610aWNhIGRlIFRyYXRhbWllbnRvIGRlIERhdG9zIFBlcnNvbmFsZXMuCgoKClBBUlRFIDIuIEFVVE9SSVpBQ0nDk04gUEFSQSBQVUJMSUNBUiBZIFBFUk1JVElSIExBIENPTlNVTFRBIFkgVVNPIERFIE9CUkFTIEVOIEVMIFJFUE9TSVRPUklPIElOU1RJVFVDSU9OQUwgVU5BTC4KClNlIGF1dG9yaXphIGxhIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBlbGVjdHLDs25pY2EsIGNvbnN1bHRhIHkgdXNvIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgcG9yIHBhcnRlIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhIHkgZGUgc3VzIHVzdWFyaW9zIGRlIGxhIHNpZ3VpZW50ZSBtYW5lcmE6CgphLglDb25jZWRvIGxpY2VuY2lhIGVuIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3Mgc2XDsWFsYWRvcyBlbiBsYSBwYXJ0ZSAxIGRlbCBwcmVzZW50ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8sIGNvbiBlbCBvYmpldGl2byBkZSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBlbnRyZWdhZGEgc2VhIHB1YmxpY2FkYSBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhIHkgcHVlc3RhIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGVuIGFjY2VzbyBhYmllcnRvIHBhcmEgc3UgY29uc3VsdGEgcG9yIGxvcyB1c3VhcmlvcyBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBOYWNpb25hbCBkZSBDb2xvbWJpYSAgYSB0cmF2w6lzIGRlIGludGVybmV0LgoKCgpQQVJURSAzIEFVVE9SSVpBQ0nDk04gREUgVFJBVEFNSUVOVE8gREUgREFUT1MgUEVSU09OQUxFUy4KCkxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIE5hY2lvbmFsIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhLCBjb21vIHJlc3BvbnNhYmxlIGRlbCBUcmF0YW1pZW50byBkZSBEYXRvcyBQZXJzb25hbGVzLCBpbmZvcm1hIHF1ZSBsb3MgZGF0b3MgZGUgY2Fyw6FjdGVyIHBlcnNvbmFsIHJlY29sZWN0YWRvcyBtZWRpYW50ZSBlc3RlIGZvcm11bGFyaW8sIHNlIGVuY3VlbnRyYW4gYmFqbyBtZWRpZGFzIHF1ZSBnYXJhbnRpemFuIGxhIHNlZ3VyaWRhZCwgY29uZmlkZW5jaWFsaWRhZCBlIGludGVncmlkYWQgeSBzdSB0cmF0YW1pZW50byBzZSByZWFsaXphIGRlIGFjdWVyZG8gYWwgY3VtcGxpbWllbnRvIG5vcm1hdGl2byBkZSBsYSBMZXkgMTU4MSBkZSAyMDEyIHkgZGUgbGEgUG9sw610aWNhIGRlIFRyYXRhbWllbnRvIGRlIERhdG9zIFBlcnNvbmFsZXMgZGUgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgTmFjaW9uYWwgZGUgQ29sb21iaWEuIFB1ZWRlIGVqZXJjZXIgc3VzIGRlcmVjaG9zIGNvbW8gdGl0dWxhciBhIGNvbm9jZXIsIGFjdHVhbGl6YXIsIHJlY3RpZmljYXIgeSByZXZvY2FyIGxhcyBhdXRvcml6YWNpb25lcyBkYWRhcyBhIGxhcyBmaW5hbGlkYWRlcyBhcGxpY2FibGVzIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSBsb3MgY2FuYWxlcyBkaXNwdWVzdG9zIHkgZGlzcG9uaWJsZXMgZW4gd3d3LnVuYWwuZWR1LmNvIG8gZS1tYWlsOiBwcm90ZWNkYXRvc19uYUB1bmFsLmVkdS5jbyIKClRlbmllbmRvIGVuIGN1ZW50YSBsbyBhbnRlcmlvciwgYXV0b3Jpem8gZGUgbWFuZXJhIHZvbHVudGFyaWEsIHByZXZpYSwgZXhwbMOtY2l0YSwgaW5mb3JtYWRhIGUgaW5lcXXDrXZvY2EgYSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBOYWNpb25hbCBkZSBDb2xvbWJpYSBhIHRyYXRhciBsb3MgZGF0b3MgcGVyc29uYWxlcyBkZSBhY3VlcmRvIGNvbiBsYXMgZmluYWxpZGFkZXMgZXNwZWPDrWZpY2FzIHBhcmEgZWwgZGVzYXJyb2xsbyB5IGVqZXJjaWNpbyBkZSBsYXMgZnVuY2lvbmVzIG1pc2lvbmFsZXMgZGUgZG9jZW5jaWEsIGludmVzdGlnYWNpw7NuIHkgZXh0ZW5zacOzbiwgYXPDrSBjb21vIGxhcyByZWxhY2lvbmVzIGFjYWTDqW1pY2FzLCBsYWJvcmFsZXMsIGNvbnRyYWN0dWFsZXMgeSB0b2RhcyBsYXMgZGVtw6FzIHJlbGFjaW9uYWRhcyBjb24gZWwgb2JqZXRvIHNvY2lhbCBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZC4gCgo= |