Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano

Ilustraciones, gráficas, fotografías, tablas

Autores:: Vásquez Molano, Daniela

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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network_acronym_str	UNACIONAL2
network_name_str	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Microplastic accumulation in mangrove forests with different levels of anthropogenic impact in the colombian pacific ocean
title	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
spellingShingle	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería Contaminación microplástica Microplastic pollution Conservación de manglares Mangles Mangroves Microplásticos Contaminación Manglares Contaminación de sedimentos Microplastics Coastal pollution Mangroves Sediment pollution
title_short	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
title_full	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
title_fullStr	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
title_full_unstemmed	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
title_sort	Acumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombiano
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Vásquez Molano, Daniela
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Duque Nivia, Guillermo Molina Sandoval, Andrés Esteban
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Vásquez Molano, Daniela
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	Grupo de investigación Ecología y Contaminación Acuática – ECONACUA
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv	orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-529X orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-4393 orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-5906
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv	620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
topic	620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería Contaminación microplástica Microplastic pollution Conservación de manglares Mangles Mangroves Microplásticos Contaminación Manglares Contaminación de sedimentos Microplastics Coastal pollution Mangroves Sediment pollution
dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv	Contaminación microplástica Microplastic pollution Conservación de manglares Mangles Mangroves
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Microplásticos Contaminación Manglares
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv	Contaminación de sedimentos
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Microplastics Coastal pollution Mangroves Sediment pollution
description	Ilustraciones, gráficas, fotografías, tablas
publishDate	2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-19
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2024-02-01T19:04:26Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2024-02-01T19:04:26Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85596
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85596 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
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dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv	Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv	Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira
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spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Duque Nivia, Guillermo60faa2a50fec605885b8177ba6b8a60aMolina Sandoval, Andrés Esteban04f2c9101952568a784d092248f4bf34Vásquez Molano, Danielacb8b2f919ce50d588250abf32bca8ad1Grupo de investigación Ecología y Contaminación Acuática – ECONACUAorcid.org/0000-0002-2468-529Xorcid.org/0000-0003-1954-4393orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-59062024-02-01T19:04:26Z2024-02-01T19:04:26Z2023-12-19https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85596Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/Ilustraciones, gráficas, fotografías, tablasEl ecosistema de manglar posee características morfológicas y un sistema de raíces especializado que altera la distribución y segregación de partículas, por lo que han sido identificados como importantes sumideros de residuos plásticos, incluidos los microplásticos (MP). El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la densidad de microplásticos en sedimentos de los bosques de manglar según su grado de intervención antrópica, la dinámica ambiental, espacial y temporal y su relación con la estructura del manglar en las bahías de Buenaventura y Tumaco, Pacífico colombiano. Para esto, se establecieron parcelas de muestreo que representaran diferentes niveles de desarrollo del bosque de manglar, en sitios con diferentes niveles de intervención antropogénica en cada bahía. En cada parcela se colectaron muestras de sedimento y agua superficial. Los MP fueron extraídos mediante separación por densidad y cada partícula fue contada y clasificada según su morfología. Se determinó la textura del suelo y el contenido de materia orgánica y se midieron los sólidos suspendidos (PPT), salinidad (UPS) y temperatura superficial (°C) del agua superficial. En cada sitio se identificó la especie del árbol, cantidad de individuos, diámetro de altura al pecho (DAP) y altura del árbol. Se utilizaron permanovas para evaluar las variaciones espaciotemporales. Adicionalmente, se determinó la influencia de la textura del suelo, parámetros fisicoquímicos y la estructura del manglar sobre la acumulación de MP en sedimentos mediante Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAM). Se encontró que la bahía de Buenaventura presentó 67% mayor cantidad de MP en comparación con la bahía de Tumaco, y que los bosques con mayor nivel de intervención antrópica acumularon hasta 22% más MP que los bosques menos intervenidos, debido a la cercanía de centros poblados, descargas de ríos, canales y zonas turísticas. No se presentaron patrones estacionales en la acumulación de MP en sedimentos en las bahías para las épocas evaluadas. La mayor acumulación de MP en sedimentos relacionada con mayores porcentajes de lodos y contenido de materia orgánica se atribuye al menor movimiento del agua que favorece la precipitación y acumulación de MP. Así mismo, en la bahía de Buenaventura se encontró que la mayor cantidad de fibras estuvo influenciada por bajas salinidades debido al aporte de agua dulce por escorrentía y aumento de caudal de los ríos, que favorecen el ingreso de residuos al ecosistema de manglar. En la bahía de Tumaco el aumento en la cantidad de MP fue influenciado por mayores salinidades y puede ser atribuido a la mayor concentración y baja dispersión de contaminantes en la época seca. Por otro lado, se identificó que la relación negativa entre la cantidad de MP y el DAP se puede atribuir a que los bosques jóvenes tienen una mayor tasa de atenuación de olas que favorece la sedimentación y retención de contaminantes. Finalmente, se evidenció que los bosques de manglares con mayor densidad de árboles acumularon hasta un 104% más MP en sedimentos en comparación con los bosques con menor densidad, debido a la capacidad de reducción de la energía del agua que promueve la retención de sedimentos y contaminantes asociados. La cantidad de microplásticos encontrados en la presente investigación se acerca a lo encontrado en bosques de Irán e Indonesia, y es menor a lo reportado en bosques de manglares en China y Brasil. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The mangrove ecosystem has morphological characteristics and a specialized root system that alter the distribution and segregation of particles, so they have been identified as important sinks for plastic waste, including microplastics (MP). The objective of this research was to determine the density of microplastics in mangrove forest sediments according to the degree of anthropogenic intervention, the environmental, spatial and temporal dynamics and their relationship with the mangrove structure in the bays of Buenaventura and Tumaco, Colombian Pacific. For this purpose, sampling plots representing different levels of mangrove forest development were established at sites with different levels of anthropogenic intervention in each bay. Sediment and surface water samples were collected from each plot. MPs were extracted by density separation and each particle was counted and classified according to its morphology. Soil texture and organic matter content were determined, and suspended matter (PPT), salinity (UPS) and surface water temperature (°C) were measured. Tree species, number of individuals, diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height were determined at each site. Permanovas were used to assess spatio-temporal variations. In addition, the influence of soil texture, physicochemical parameters and mangrove structure on PM accumulation in sediments was determined using Generalized Additive Modelling (GAM). It was found that Buenaventura Bay had 67% more PM than Tumaco Bay, and that forests with higher levels of anthropogenic disturbance accumulated up to 22% more PM than less disturbed forests due to their proximity to population centers, river discharges, canals and tourist areas. There were no seasonal patterns in sediment PM accumulation in the bays for the periods studied. The higher accumulation of PM in sediments associated with higher percentages of silt and organic matter is attributed to the lower water movement, which favors the precipitation and accumulation of PM. Similarly, in Buenaventura Bay, the higher amount of fibers was found to be influenced by low salinities due to the contribution of fresh water from runoff and increased river flow, which favors the entry of waste into the mangrove ecosystem. In Tumaco Bay, the increase in the amount of PM was influenced by higher salinities and can be attributed to the higher concentration and lower dispersion of pollutants in the dry season. On the other hand, the negative relationship between the amount of PM and DBH was found to be due to the fact that young forests have a higher wave attenuation rate, which favors sedimentation and retention of pollutants. Finally, it was found that mangrove forests with higher tree densities accumulated up to 104% more PM in sediments compared to forests with lower densities, due to their ability to reduce water energy, which favors the retention of sediments and associated pollutants. The amount of microplastics found in the present investigation is close to that found in forests in Iran and Indonesia, and is lower than that reported in mangrove forests in China and Brazil.Sistema General de Regalías, financiador del proyecto “Investigación de los servicios ecosistémicos derivados de bosques de manglar en el Pacífico colombiano, Valle del Cauca, Nariño, Cauca, Chocó” BPIN2020000100054, del cual hace parte este trabajo de investigación.Contiene mapas y tablas.MaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería AmbientalPara el desarrollo del trabajo de grado se establecieron parcelas de muestreo que representaran diferentes niveles de desarrollo del bosque de manglar en las bahías de Buenaventura y Tumaco en el Pacífico colombiano, en sitios con diferentes niveles de intervención antropogénica en cada bahía. En cada parcela se colectaron muestras de sedimento y agua superficial. Los MP fueron extraídos mediante separación por densidad y cada partícula fue contada y clasificada según su morfología. Se determinó la textura del suelo y el contenido de materia orgánica y se midieron los sólidos suspendidos (PPT), salinidad (UPS) y temperatura superficial (°C) del agua superficial. En cada sitio se identificó la especie del árbol, cantidad de individuos, diámetro de altura al pecho (DAP) y altura del árbol. Se utilizaron permanovas para evaluar las variaciones espaciotemporales. Adicionalmente, se determinó la influencia de la textura del suelo, parámetros fisicoquímicos y la estructura del manglar sobre la acumulación de MP en sedimentos mediante Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAM).Contaminación e impactos ambientales en ecosistemasIngeniería.Sede Palmiraxvi, 68 páginas + anexosapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaPalmira - Ingeniería y Administración - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería AmbientalFacultad de Ingeniería y AdministraciónPalmira, Valle del Cauca, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingenieríaContaminación microplásticaMicroplastic pollutionConservación de manglaresManglesMangrovesMicroplásticosContaminaciónManglaresContaminación de sedimentosMicroplasticsCoastal pollutionMangrovesSediment pollutionAcumulación de microplásticos en bosques de manglar con diferentes grados de impacto antrópico en el pacífico colombianoMicroplastic accumulation in mangrove forests with different levels of anthropogenic impact in the colombian pacific oceanTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMPacífico ColombianoAuta, H. 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Science of the Total Environment, 864(December 2022), 161093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161093ACUMULACIÓN DE MICROPLÁSTICOS EN BOSQUES DE MANGLAR CON DIFERENTES GRADOS DE IMPACTO ANTRÓPICO EN EL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANOSistema General de RegalíasInvestigadoresLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85596/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1151961743.2023.pdf1151961743.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ingeniería Ambientalapplication/pdf2829738https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85596/2/1151961743.2023.pdf077970c52bb152c8c38132c906353ee1MD52THUMBNAIL1151961743.2023.pdf.jpg1151961743.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4542https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85596/3/1151961743.2023.pdf.jpg6b2ed1d6361d5c51d8aa2502c1e63c2bMD53unal/85596oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/855962024-08-21 23:13:36.374Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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