Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur
Ilustraciones, mapas, tabalas
- Autores:
-
Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos
- Tipo de recurso:
- Doctoral thesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84600
- Palabra clave:
- 570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución
Barreras biogeográficas
sur del Mar Caribe
filogeografía comparada
fondos rocosos
fondos blandos someros
Caribbean Sea
Comparative phylogeography
Biegeographic barriers
SNPs, Mirosatellite, COI DNAmt
ddRad-seq
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Comparative phylogeography of marine organisms with high and low dispersal potential in the Southern Caribbean |
| title |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| spellingShingle |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur 570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución Barreras biogeográficas sur del Mar Caribe filogeografía comparada fondos rocosos fondos blandos someros Caribbean Sea Comparative phylogeography Biegeographic barriers SNPs, Mirosatellite, COI DNAmt ddRad-seq |
| title_short |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| title_full |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| title_fullStr |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| title_sort |
Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con alto y bajo potencial de dispersión en el Caribe sur |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Lyda, Castro García Acero Pizarro, Arturo Betancur-R., Ricardo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Fauna Marina Colombiana: Biodiversidad y Usos Sistemática, Evolución y Ecología Molecular |
| dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-3899-5993] |
| dc.contributor.scopus.spa.fl_str_mv |
Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [56534119900] |
| dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv |
Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=v_rcpnwAAAAJ&hl=es] Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [Juan Carlos Narvaez Barandica] |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución |
| topic |
570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución Barreras biogeográficas sur del Mar Caribe filogeografía comparada fondos rocosos fondos blandos someros Caribbean Sea Comparative phylogeography Biegeographic barriers SNPs, Mirosatellite, COI DNAmt ddRad-seq |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Barreras biogeográficas sur del Mar Caribe filogeografía comparada fondos rocosos fondos blandos someros |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Caribbean Sea Comparative phylogeography Biegeographic barriers SNPs, Mirosatellite, COI DNAmt ddRad-seq |
| description |
Ilustraciones, mapas, tabalas |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-25T15:33:13Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-25T15:33:13Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-07 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Doctorado |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84600 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84600 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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(2008) Contrasting demographic history and phylogeographical patterns in two Indo-Pacific gastropods. Molecular Ecology 17(2): 611-626. Crandall, E.D., Treml, E.A., Liggins, L., Gleeson, L., Yasuda, N., Barber, P.H., Wörheide, G. and C. Riginos. (2014) Return of the ghosts of dispersal past: historical spread and contemporary gene flow in the blue seastar Linckia laevigata. Bulletin of Marine Science 90(1): 399-425. Crisci, J.V., L. Katinas, Posadas P. (2003) Historical Bioegeography: An Introduction. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA. 264 pp D’Aloia, C.C., Andrés, J.A., Bogdanowicz, S.M., McCune, A.R., Harrison, R.G., & Buston, P.M. (2020). Unraveling hierarchical genetic structure in a marine metapopulation: A comparison of three high‐throughput genotyping approaches. Molecular Ecology, 29, 2189 - 2203. Dall, W., Hill, B.J., Rothlisberg, P.C. & Staples, D.J. (1990) The biology of the Penaeidae. Advances in Marine Biology, 27, 1–461. 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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Lyda, Castro García501b42a2e1e6c871a40d78fc8140b640Acero Pizarro, Arturo570bbc3135cac50544cdc51ec922685c600Betancur-R., Ricardo579eb622d2279119809a0e79b3a3d637600Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos4602246db3748347a67fb59d4e96864e600Fauna Marina Colombiana: Biodiversidad y UsosSistemática, Evolución y Ecología MolecularNarváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-3899-5993]Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [56534119900]Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=v_rcpnwAAAAJ&hl=es]Narváez Barandica, Juan Carlos [Juan Carlos Narvaez Barandica]2023-08-25T15:33:13Z2023-08-25T15:33:13Z2023-08-07https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84600Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/Ilustraciones, mapas, tabalasSe evaluó la filogeografía comparada de especies marinas con amplia y limitada dispersión en el Caribe sur (sector Colombia) ante la presencia de barreras putativas: pluma del río Magdalena (PRM), estrechamiento de la plataforma continental debido al levantamiento de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) y efecto combinado de la ausencia del fondo y litoral rocoso somero entre el Cabo de la Vela y el sector de Santa Marta y el afloramiento semi permanente en La Guajira (AFR+APG). Se seleccionaron seis especies marinas, tres de fondos rocosos: Acanthemblemaria rivasi (con larva pelágica <22 días), Cittarium pica (con larva pelágica de ida corta <6 días) y Nerita tessellata (con larva pelágica >60 días). Tres especies de aguas someras de fondos blandos también fueron escogidos: Melongena melongena (sin larva pelágica), Sciades proops (sin larva pelágica y cuidado parental) y Micropogonias furnieri (larva pelágica >30 días). Se utilizó la técnica ddRad-seq para analizar SNPs de las seis especies. Se recolectaron muestras de cada especie desde La Guajira hasta el Golfo de Urabá y Capurganá para evaluar la importancia relativa de las barreras biogeográficas. Los análisis de diferenciación genética, de varianza molecular (AMOVA), PCA y los filogenéticos sugieren que cuatro especies se ajustan al modelo de cambio genético abrupto ante una barrera biogeográfica (A. rivasi, C. pica, M. melongena y S. proops). Así que por primera vez se suministra suficiente evidencia de un quiebre filogeográfico causado por PRM, principalmente para A. rivasi (AMOVA: ФCT=0,420, p<0,05). Esto supone que PRM debe estar actuando como barrera biogeográfica para especies marinas que tienen limitación en su dispersión. El otro hallazgo fue el efecto combinado que causa la ausencia del fondo y litoral rocoso somero entre el Cabo de la Vela y el sector de Santa Marta y el afloramiento semi permanente en La Guajira (AFR+APG), la cual opera para A. rivasi (ФCT=0,406) y C. pica (ФCT=0,224). En lo que respecta a las especies de fondo blandos, se observó la influencia de SNSM y de factores ecológicos y oceanográficos sobre una ruptura genética entre Dibulla/Punta Gallinas e isla de Salamanca para M. melongena (ФCT=0,317) y S. proops (ФCT=0,375, p<0,05). Un quiebre adicional se observó en S. proops (ФCT=0,472), causado por el sistema arrecifal ubicado en Bolívar. El análisis bayesiano permitió identificar tres poblaciones (K=3) en la mayoría de las especies tanto las de fondos rocosos como las de fondos blandos, excepto para N. tessellata y M. furnieri, las cuales presentaron una sola población y se ajustan al modelo de panmixia (K=1). El análisis de congruencia filogeográfica se observó únicamente en la comparación A. rivasi-C. pica. El análisis multilocus de C. pica permitió determinar una alta congruencia genética y topológica entre los marcadores loci de SNP y las secuencias del gen COI, confirmando los efectos generalizados de la barrera ALR+APG en el genoma de la especie. Los 10 loci microsatélites y los SNPs fueron congruentes en la determinación de tres poblaciones. Bajos niveles de diversidad genética se observaron con los 10 loci microsatélites y la sobrepesca puede ser una de las causas de la pérdida de información genética en C. pica. Las secuencias del gen COI revelaron que C. pica presentó un proceso de expansión poblacional reciente y cambios históricos en el tamaño efectivo de la población. Un análisis exhaustivo de 15 especies marinas en el Caribe colombiano revela diversas historias de vida y estructuras genéticas. Las especies incluyen peces, moluscos, crustáceos, equinodermos y tiburones que habitan diversos sustratos. Las estrategias reproductivas van desde la fertilización externa hasta la interna, con comportamientos únicos como la incubación oral masculina. El análisis de la estructura genética utilizó microsatélites, ADN mitocondrial y SNP. Se observa una diferenciación genética moderada en los vertebrados, influenciada por el potencial de dispersión y la fecundidad. Un análisis de regresión de PLD con el K y Ф/FST de las seis especies estudias y nueve registradas en la literatura determinó que el PLD puede predecir en un 70% el número de poblaciones probables y menos del 40% el nivel de subestructuración genética de las especies marino-costeras del Caribe sur. Se discuten aspectos biológicos, oceanográficos y ambientales para explicar el patrón filogeográfico de cada especie. Se discute la importancia de los resultados para el manejo y conservación de las especies estudiadas y se suministran recomendaciones para las autoridades ambientales y pesqueras.The comparative phylogeography of marine species with broad and limited dispersal in the southern Caribbean (Colombian sector) was evaluated in the presence of putative barriers: the Magdalena River plume (MRP), narrowing of the continental shelf due to the uplift of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), and the combined effect of the absence of shallow rocky substrates between Cabo de la Vela and the Santa Marta region and the semi-permanent upwelling in La Guajira (ARB+PUG). Six marine species were selected, three from rocky substrates: Acanthemblemaria rivasi (with pelagic larvae < 22 days), Cittarium pica (with short-distance pelagic larvae < 6 days), and Nerita tessellata (with pelagic larvae > 60 days). Three shallow-water species from soft bottoms were also chosen: Melongena melongena (without pelagic larvae), Sciades proops (without pelagic larvae and with parental care), and Micropogonias furnieri (pelagic larvae > 30 days). The ddRad-seq technique was used to analyze the SNPs of the six species. Samples of each species were collected from La Guajira to the Gulf of Urabá and Capurganá to assess the relative importance of biogeographic barriers. Genetic differentiation, molecular variance (AMOVA), PCA, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that four species fit the model of abrupt genetic change in the presence of a biogeographic barrier (A. rivasi, C. pica, M. melongena, and S. proops). Thus, for the first time, sufficient evidence is provided for a phylogeographic break caused by MRP, primarily for A. rivasi (AMOVA: ФCT = 0.420, p < 0.05). The latter suggests that MRP is a biogeographic barrier for marine species with limited dispersal. The other finding was the combined effect of the absence of shallow rocky substrates between Cabo de la Vela and the Santa Marta region and the semi-permanent upwelling in La Guajira (ARB+PUG), which operates for A. rivasi (ФCT = 0.406) and C. pica (ФCT = 0.224). As for the soft-bottom species, the influence of SNSM and ecological and oceanographic factors on genetic break was observed between Dibulla/Punta Gallinas and Isla de Salamanca for M. melongena (ФCT = 0.317) and S. proops (ФCT = 0.375, p<0.05). An additional break was observed in S. proops (ФCT = 0.472), caused by the reef system in Barú Peninsula (Cartagena). The Bayesian analysis identified three populations (K = 3) in most species, both from rocky and soft substrates, except for N. tessellata and M. furnieri, which presented a single population and fit the panmixia model (K = 1). Congruent phylogeographic analysis was observed only in the A. rivasi-C. pica comparison. The multilocus analysis of C. pica allowed determining high genetic and topological congruence between SNP loci markers and COI gene sequences, confirming the widespread effects of the ARB+PUG barrier in the species genome. The ten microsatellite loci and SNPs were congruent in determining three populations. Low levels of genetic diversity were observed with the ten microsatellite loci, and overfishing may be one of the causes of genetic information loss in C. pica. COI gene sequences revealed that C. pica underwent recent population expansion and historical changes in effective population size. A comprehensive analysis of 15 marine species in the Colombian Caribbean reveals diverse life histories and genetic structures. The species include fish, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, and sharks inhabiting various substrates. Reproductive strategies include external to internal fertilization, with unique behaviors like male oral incubation. Genetic structure analysis used microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, and SNPs. Moderate genetic differentiation is seen in vertebrates, influenced by dispersal potential and fecundity. A regression analysis of PLD with K and Ф/FST of the six studied species and nine reported in the literature determined that PLD can predict 70% of the probable number of populations and less than 40% of the level of genetic substructuring in the marine-coastal species of the southern Caribbean. Biological, oceanographic, and environmental aspects to explain the phylogeographic pattern of each species are discussed. The importance of the results for the management and conservation of the studied species is discussed, and recommendations are provided for environmental and fisheries authorities.Beca doctoral de la Corporation Center of Excellence in Marine Science (No. Contrato CO8JUNA – 2017) Beca doctoral de COLCIENCIAS-COLFUTURODoctoradoDoctor en Ciencias - BiologíaOtra. 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BMC genomics, 21(1), 382. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9Filogeografía comparada de organismos marinos con amplia y limitada dispersión en el Caribe de Colombia: conociendo el pasado para conservar en el futuro (Código 116174559171)MINCIENCIASUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaFONCIENCIAS-Universidad del MagdalenaPúblico generalORIGINAL85472020.2023.pdf85472020.2023.pdfTesis de Doctorado en Biología, línea Biología Marinaapplication/pdf15950790https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84600/4/85472020.2023.pdf727c7f3bb36e3a653008db3faa4345b3MD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84600/5/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD55THUMBNAIL85472020.2023.pdf.jpg85472020.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5353https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84600/6/85472020.2023.pdf.jpg94f20fe1590896d10427f800d683e812MD56unal/84600oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/846002023-08-25 23:03:35.791Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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