Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.

ilustraciones, mapas, diagramas

Autores:
Feria Cáceres, Pedro Felipe
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/80355
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80355
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
Contaminación de suelos
Soils - bacteriology
Bacteriología de suelos
Soil pollution
Cacao
Cadmio (Cd)
Suelos
Gen ARNr16S
Bacterias
Cadmium (Cd)
Soils
RNAr 16S gene
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_04b601295cc180f300b924f90f3d637b
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/80355
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Study of microbial diversity associated with cocoa soils with presence of cadmium (Cd) and bioremediation potencial evaluation.
title Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
spellingShingle Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
Contaminación de suelos
Soils - bacteriology
Bacteriología de suelos
Soil pollution
Cacao
Cadmio (Cd)
Suelos
Gen ARNr16S
Bacterias
Cadmium (Cd)
Soils
RNAr 16S gene
title_short Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
title_full Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
title_fullStr Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
title_full_unstemmed Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
title_sort Estudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Feria Cáceres, Pedro Felipe
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Moreno Herrera, Claudia Ximena
Penagos Vélez, Lucas
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Feria Cáceres, Pedro Felipe
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
topic 500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
Contaminación de suelos
Soils - bacteriology
Bacteriología de suelos
Soil pollution
Cacao
Cadmio (Cd)
Suelos
Gen ARNr16S
Bacterias
Cadmium (Cd)
Soils
RNAr 16S gene
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Contaminación de suelos
Soils - bacteriology
Bacteriología de suelos
Soil pollution
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Cacao
Cadmio (Cd)
Suelos
Gen ARNr16S
Bacterias
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Cadmium (Cd)
Soils
RNAr 16S gene
description ilustraciones, mapas, diagramas
publishDate 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-10-02T16:10:54Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-10-02T16:10:54Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-10-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80355
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80355
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín - Ciencias - Doctorado en Biotecnología
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Escuela de biociencias
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
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spelling Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Moreno Herrera, Claudia Ximena9e9b1162df5ae71da22de0e7cd708bd6Penagos Vélez, Lucas409419bb0f38da06cf590643365e9a89Feria Cáceres, Pedro Felipe106612bedc4e81f817e2eea7fc3eee8eMicrobiodiversidad y Bioprospección2021-10-02T16:10:54Z2021-10-02T16:10:54Z2021-10-01https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80355Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, mapas, diagramasLa contaminación de suelos cultivables por metales pesados es un problema global, su acumulación puede causar efectos tóxicos que afectan la calidad y la seguridad de los productos cosechados, la composición y el funcionamiento de las comunidades bacterianas del suelo. El Cadmio (Cd) es un metal pesado, el cual se encuentra tanto en la corteza terrestre como en las aguas oceánicas, es emitido al ambiente como resultado conjunto de actividades naturales (origen volcánico) como antropogénicas (múltiples actividades industriales). El Cd presente en el suelo puede entrar a la cadena alimentaria a través de las raíces y tejido foliar de las plantas, cuya tasa de translocación y bioacumulación depende de múltiples variables como el tipo de planta y de las características fisicoquímicas de los suelos. El chocolate y sus derivados provienen de la fruta del árbol Theobroma cacao L. (familia Sterculiaceae) nativo de la selva tropical, cuya siembra se extiende desde la cuenca Amazónica hasta el sur de México; distintos reportes señalan que el cacao bioacumula el Cd en sus raíces, el cual transloca hacia la parte aérea y se deposita en la mazorca y las almendras, imponiendo serias limitaciones en cuanto a la calidad y seguridad alimentaria. El cacao colombiano, el cual en los últimos años ha tenido gran auge, en especial, por el incremento en las exportaciones de grano y derivados, puede verse afectado por la presencia de Cd en el grano de cacao proveniente de algunas regiones del país. Por su parte, se conoce que las comunidades bacterianas presentes en los suelos juegan un papel importante en aspectos de las plantas como la nutrición, el estado fitosanitario y el desarrollo de biomasa vegetal. En general, se sabe poco de las comunidades microbianas del cacao y de la microbiota presente en suelos, por lo tanto, como objetivo de esta tesis se planteó el estudiar, en muestras de suelo recopiladas en fincas del municipio de San Vicente de Chucurí (Departamento de Santander) cultivadas con plantaciones comerciales de cacao en presencia de distintas concentraciones de Cd, la filogenia molecular y su microbiota bacteriana con tolerancia asociada a Cd, identificando sus mecanismos de acción y para algunas de estas, determinar el factor de translocación del metal a la planta; esta tesis se encuentra enmarcada dentro de la estrategia de investigación de la Compañía Nacional de Chocolates, la cual busca mediante ciencia básica, ahondar en el conocimiento de nuevas técnicas que permitan el mejoramiento de recursos colombianos como lo es el caso del cacao y sus prácticas agrícolas. En las siguientes páginas, se describe la composición bacteriana de suelos de plantaciones de cacao en un amplio rango de concentraciones de Cd (0.2 a 18 mg/Kg), que se encuentran naturalmente en esta región. Los filos de mayor abundancia relativa en todas las muestras fueron Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Myxococcota, Chloroflexi, Plactomycetota, Bacteroidota, Gemmatimonadota, Nitrospirota, Firmicutes y NB1_J y los géneros bacterianos géneros bacterianos con mayor abundancia relativa (>0.5%), se identificó a a Nitrospira, candidatus Udaeobacter, Haliangium, Cupriavidus, MND1, Bacillus, Kitasatospora, Niveibacterium, Acidothermus, Burkholderia, Acidibacter, Terrimonas, Gaiella, ADurb.Bin063-1, candidatus Solibacter, Kitasatospora, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, han sido relacionados con procesos de tolerancia a Cd. Para las muestras de estudio se identificó los géneros bacterianos que conforman la comunidad central, los cuales están presentes en todas las muestras como Nitrospira sp., Cupriavidus sp., Burkholderia sp., ADurb.Bin063-1, Haliangium sp., candidatus Udaeobacter, MND1, Kitasatospora, Acidothermus, Acidibacter, Streptomyces, Gaiella, candidatus Solibacter y Terramonas, géneros que pueden jugar un papel fundamental en el funcionamiento del ecosistema, siendo indicativos de fenómenos que ocurren en el ambiente. Por otro lado, en esta investigación se estudió, para doce cepas nativas, su tolerancia e inmovilización de Cd en medio de cultivo líquido (caldo nutritivo) en presencia de dos concentraciones (10 y 15 mg/L Cd). La mayoría de los aislados mostró una curva de crecimiento retardada en presencia de Cd, de acuerdo con los valores µ y K calculados para cada cepa; la capacidad de captura del metal en el medio de cultivo fue caracterizada por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM), reportando dos mecanismos como extracelular (biosorpción a nivel de pared celular) e intracelular (precipitación de Cd en citoplasma), dependiendo del tiempo y condiciones de incubación. Los cambios en los grupos funcionales en la superficie celular se analizaron por espectroscopia infrarroja transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), se identificó diferentes picos a 3275, 1634 y 1531 cm-1 (grupo amida I y II), la adsorpción indicó que el átomo de nitrógeno puede ser el sitio principal de interacción de Cd por las cepas; otro cambio notado en los picos 914, 1057 y 1636 cm-1, refiere la ampliación y estiramiento de la banda la presencia de grupos C=O; otro cambio interesante en los picos 2958, 2923, 2873, 2852, 1467, 1455 y 860 cm-1, esta región corresponde tanto a estiramientos de grupos C–H y O–H, donde la posibilidad en que los átomos de oxígeno en los grupos hidroxilo de la biomasa celular están envueltos en los procesos de absorpción. Los picos en la región 966, 1230 y 1060 cm-1 indican la intervención de enlaces fosfato en la biosorpción de Cd con la posible producción de fosfato de Cd sobre la superficie celular de la biomasa. En este trabajo se realizó un bioensayo bajo condiciones controladas de vivero comercial, aplicando algunas cepas nativas en tratamientos combinados con diferentes concentraciones de Cd utilizando semillas de cacao del genotipo CCN51. Los resultados mostraron que, independiente del género bacteriano, la biomasa en la planta de cacao aumenta y la concentración de Cd se distribuyó y bioacumuló en las partes de las plantas. Sin embargo, cierto grado de inmovilización de Cd pudo ocurrir en el suelo, lo que impidió una mayor concentración de Cd en raíz, evitando su translocación a la planta, especialmente cuando el suelo se bioaugmentó con Klebsiella sp. (18-4B). En conclusión, la combinación de diferentes enfoques permitió analizar la microbiota cultivable y no cultivable con características de biosorpción y bioprecipitación de Cd, las cuales están presentes en los suelos cacaoteros bajo distintas concentraciones de Cd en el departamento de Santander. Lo anterior proporciona una línea base sobre dicha composición bacteriana, para que en estudios futuros se logre complementar, los microorganismos asociados, sus interacciones y la dinámica para contrarrestar Cd en suelo y aquellos con actividad biotecnológica, que puedan ser alternativas de innovación, desarrollo y fuente de creación de bionegocios, considerarlos como opción de solución de muchos de los problemas causados por el hombre. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Soils used for food production could have a relatively high naturally occurring concentration of heavy metals, which could affect plant growth, compromise quality and safety of the derived products, and could also impact the soil bacterial community composition and functioning. Theobroma cacao L. crops in several neotropical regions produce food and nutrient sources consumed worldwide. A region at the northeastern Colombian Andes (Santander) has extensive T. cacao crops to produce cacao for national consumption and for exports. Cadmium (Cd) is a naturally occurring heavy metal toxic at higher concentrations. Cacao crops are able to bioaccumulated Cd in roots and translocate it to the beans, imposing a serious limitation regarding quality and safety. Soils could have very different natural concentrations of Cd. We present here the bacterial composition of soils cocoa plantations with a wide range of Cd concentrations 0.2 to 18 mg/Kg, found naturally in this region. Microbial community was described by means of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analyses, together with culture-dependent methods isolating Cd tolerant strains and soils physicochemical properties were recorded. Results showed that bacterial composition diversity was dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Myxococcota, Chloroflexi, Plactomycetota, Bacteroidota, Gemmatimonadota, Nitrospirota, Firmicutes y NB1_J and did not have significant changes across sample soils with different Cd concentrations. We observed statistically significant differences in beta-diversity correlated with soil properties; moreover, we report the presence of a core community among the samples, dominated by Nitrospira sp., Cupriavidus sp., Burkholderia sp., ADurb.Bin063-1, Haliangium sp., candidatus Udaeobacter, MND1, Kitasatospora, Acidothermus, Acidibacter, Streptomyces, Gaiella, candidatus Solibacter and Terramonas; genera typically reported in soils with healthy plant cultures and playing fundamental roles in soil geochemical cycles. Culture-dependent techniques allowed the isolation of bacterial strains tolerating high Cd concentrations up to 120 mg/L for potencial Cd biosorption or intracellular sequestration. Bacteria have been applied for the bioremediation of cadmium-contaminated environments by biosorption or bioaccumulation interactions; this process is considered as a potential eco-friendly alternative. In the present work, twelve cadmium native bacteria tolerant to 2,500 µM CdCl2 (120 mg/L) isolated in soils of cocoa farms in presence of differents levels of Cd selected, to evaluate their Cd tolerance and immobilization using liquid culture medium (Nutritive broth) in the presence of two Cd concentration (10 and 15 mg/L), most of the isolates shows delayed growth curve in Cd levels. In the study, the ability to Cd capture by native strains in the liquid broth was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and changes in the functional groups in cell surface were analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the genera have been reported in literatura with Cd capability properties in differents ways; these bacteria revealed, under methodology development, have been two different forms to Cd capture, such extracellular capability (biosorption) and extracellular mechanism (Cd cytoplasm precipitation) in differents concentrations, that depended time and incubation conditions. Furthermore, in the greenhouse experiments were carried out applied some strains in combined treatments using CCN51 cacao genotype seeds, grown in soil with different concentrations of Cd. The results showed that cell morphology and functional groups on cell surfaces changed after Cd interaction; regardless of bacteria genera biomass increases in cacao plant and the Cd concentration is distributed, that promoted bioaccumulation in parts of the plants, but certain Cd immobilization degree can occur in soil, preventing the Cd root concentration, which can prevent the translocation to plant, especially when the soil bioaugmentation with Klebsiella sp. (18-4B). In conclusión, these results allow us to elucidate the cultivable and non-cultivable bacterial microbiota present in soil cultivated with cocoa under different concentration of Cd in Santander Region; This will provide a baseline with information for future studies to clarify and complement the associated microorganisms, their interactions to counteract Cd in soil and those bacterial with biotechnological activity, they can be alternatives to influence for lower Cd accumulation in cacao crops.DoctoradoDoctor en BiotecnologíaAuxilio educativo para el pago de las matrículas.Biorremediaciónviii, 176 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Ciencias - Doctorado en BiotecnologíaEscuela de biocienciasFacultad de CienciasMedellínUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticasContaminación de suelosSoils - bacteriologyBacteriología de suelosSoil pollutionCacaoCadmio (Cd)SuelosGen ARNr16SBacteriasCadmium (Cd)SoilsRNAr 16S geneEstudio de la diversidad microbiana asociadas a suelos cacaoteros con presencia de cadmio (Cd) y evaluación de su potencial biorremediador.Study of microbial diversity associated with cocoa soils with presence of cadmium (Cd) and bioremediation potencial evaluation.Trabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDColombia1. 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