Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L.
ilustraciones, graficas, mapas
- Autores:
-
Romero Betancourt, Juan David
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82259
- Palabra clave:
- 570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución
Cannabis sativa
Genotipos
genotypes
Cannabis sativa L
Fenotipo
UHPLC
THC
CBD
Genotipo
SNP
Cannabis sativa L
Phenotype
UHPLC
THC
CBD
Genotype
SNP
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of four accessions of Cannabis sativa L. |
| title |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| spellingShingle |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. 570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución Cannabis sativa Genotipos genotypes Cannabis sativa L Fenotipo UHPLC THC CBD Genotipo SNP Cannabis sativa L Phenotype UHPLC THC CBD Genotype SNP |
| title_short |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| title_full |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| title_fullStr |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| title_sort |
Caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Romero Betancourt, Juan David |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sarmiento Salazar, Felipe Darghan, Aquiles Enrique |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Romero Betancourt, Juan David |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Genética de Plantas |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución |
| topic |
570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución Cannabis sativa Genotipos genotypes Cannabis sativa L Fenotipo UHPLC THC CBD Genotipo SNP Cannabis sativa L Phenotype UHPLC THC CBD Genotype SNP |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Cannabis sativa Genotipos genotypes |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cannabis sativa L Fenotipo UHPLC THC CBD Genotipo SNP |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Cannabis sativa L Phenotype UHPLC THC CBD Genotype SNP |
| description |
ilustraciones, graficas, mapas |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-06T15:26:49Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-06T15:26:49Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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Text |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
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acceptedVersion |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82259 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82259 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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spa |
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spa |
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RedCol LaReferencia |
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P., Dabney, C., Poplawski, S. G., Motley, S. T., Michael, T. P., … Weiblen, G. D. (2018). A complete Cannabis chromosome assembly and adaptive admixture for elevated cannabidiol (CBD) content. BioRxiv, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1101/458083 Grof, C. P. L. (2018). Cannabis, from plant to pill. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 84(11), 2463–2467. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13618 Cunningham, G. C. (2021). The State and Cannabis: What is Success? A Comparative Analysis of Cannabis Policy in The United States of America, Uruguay, and Canada. Wright State University.Forensic Science International, 299, 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.046 Hillig, K. (2004). A chemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in Cannabis. 32, 875–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.04.004 Hillig, K. (2005). A S YSTEMATIC I NVESTIGATION OF C ANNABIS. Indiana University. Hillig, K. (2016). 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Jaramillo, S., & Vélez, F. (2021). CANNABIS MEDICINAL COMO MOTOR DE DESARROLLO DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA. Colegio de Estudios Superiores de Administración – CESA. Jin, D., Dai, K., Xie, Z., & Jie, C. (2020). Secondary Metabolites Profiled in Cannabis Inflorescences , Leaves , Stem Barks , and Roots for Medicinal Purposes. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60172-6 Kojoma, M., Seki, H., & Yoshida, S. (2006). DNA polymorphisms in the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid ( THCA ) synthase gene in ‘“ drug-type ”’ and ‘“ fiber-type ”’ Cannabis sativa L . 159, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.07.005 Krawitz, M. A. (2021). History , science , and politics of international Cannabis scheduling , History , science , and politics. FAAAT editions. Lar, E. (2016). Cannabis A botanical guide to the Cannabis plant. Retrieved from https://www.behance.net/gallery/38009975/CANNABIS-a-botanical-guide Lata, H., Chandra, S., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2017). 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(August). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133292 Schultes, R. I. C. H. A. R. D. E. V. A. N. S., Klein, W. M., Plowman, T., & Lockwood, T. (2011). Cannabis: an example of Taxonomic Neglect. De Gruyter Mouton, 21–38. Sirikantaramas, S., & Taura, F. (2017). Cannabinoids: biosynthesis and biotechnological applications. In In Cannabis sativa L.-Botany and Biotechnology (pp. 183–206). Springer, Cham. Small, E. (2015). Evolution and Classification of Cannabis sativa (Marijuana, Hemp) in Relation to Human Utilization. Botanical Review, 81(3), 189–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-015-9157-3 Small, E. (2017). Classification of Cannabis sativa L . in Relation to Agricultural , Biotechnological , Medical and Recreational Utilization. In Cannabis sativa L.-Botany and biotechnology (pp. 1–62). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6 Soler, S., Gramazio, P., Figàs, M. R., Vilanova, S., Rosa, E., Llosa, E. R., … Prohens, J. (2017). Genetic structure of Cannabis sativa var. indica cultivars based on genomic SSR (gSSR) markers: Implications for breeding and germplasm management. Industrial Crops and Products, 104(December 2016), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.043 Spitzer-rimon, B. (2019). Architecture and Florogenesis in Female Cannabis sativa Plants. (April). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00350 Staginnus, C., Ph, D., & Siegfried, Z. (2014). A PCR marker Linked to a THCA synthase Polymorphism is a Reliable Tool to Discriminate Potentially THC-Rich Plants of Cannabis sativa L . *. (11). https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12448 Tang, K., Struik, P. C., Yin, X., Calzolari, D., Musio, S., Thouminot, C., & Bjelková, M. (2017). A comprehensive study of planting density and nitrogen fertilization effect on dual-purpose hemp ( Cannabis sativa L .) cultivation. Industrial Crops & Products, (March), 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.033 Tang, K., Struik, P. C., Yin, X., Thouminot, C., Bjelková, M., Stramkale, V., & Amaducci, S. (2016). Comparing hemp ( Cannabis sativa L .) cultivars for dual-purpose production under contrasting environments. Industrial Crops & Products, 87, 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.026 Taxonomy, P. (2012). A Practical and Natural Taxonomy for Cannabis Author ( s ): Ernest Small and Arthur Cronquist Reviewed work ( s ): Published by : International Association for Plant Taxonomy ( IAPT ) Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1220524 . 25(4), 405–435. Thomas, B. F. (2019). Botany of Cannabis sativa L. In The Botany of Cannabis sativa L . https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804646-3.00001-1 Toth, J. A., Stack, G. M., Cala, A. R., Carlson, C. H., Wilk, R. L., Crawford, J. L., … Smart, L. B. (2020). Development and validation of genetic markers for sex and cannabinoid chemotype in Cannabis sativa L . (December 2019), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12667 UNODC. (2009). Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of Cannabis and Cannabis products (S. Dr. Michael Bovens and Mr. Markus Schläpfer, Scientific Forensic Service, Zurich City Police, A. and I. D. S. A. G. for S. M. of A. and N. Z. F. L. (SMANZFL) Ms. Sue Fiddian, Manager, Botany Branch, Forensic Services Department, Victoria Police, C. Mr. Andrew Holmes, Senior Scientific Advisor, Drug Analysis Service, Health Canada, Toronto, T. N. (retired) Dr. Henk Huizer, Drugs Department, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, M. Mr. A. Kader Jackaria, Forensic Chemist and Toxicologist, S. Dr. Lee Tong Kooi, Division Director, Illicit Drugs and Toxicology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, … U. L. and S. S. also wishes to express its thanks to D. M. B. and M. S. for Revie, Eds.). Vienna, Austria: United Nations publication. UNODC. (2020). CND votes on recommendations for Cannabis and Cannabis-related substances (pp. 1–2). pp. 1–2. 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(2016). Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L . germplasm collection. Euphytica, 208(3), 463–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1585-y Wollner, H., Matchett, JR., Levine, J., & Loewe, S. (1942). Isolation of a physiologically active tetrahydrocannabinol from Cannabis sativa resin. Journal of American Society of Chemistry, 465(3), 26–29. Zou, S., & Kumar, U. (2018). Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System : Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System. International Journal o f Molecular Sciences, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030833 Abdelaziz, M., Alaoui, E., Melloul, M., & Hakki, E. E. (2016). Study of Moroccan Cannabis sativa DNA polymorphism in the THCA synthase gene from seized Moroccan Cannabis resin ( Hashish ) Study of Moroccan Cannabis sativa DNA polymorphism in the THCA synthase gene from seized Moroccan Cannabis resin ( Hashish ). (April). Andre, C. M., Hausman, J., & Guerriero, G. (2016). Cannabis sativa : The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. 7(February), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00019 Brenneisen, R. (2007). Chemistry and analysis of phytocannabinoids and other Cannabis constituents. In In Marijuana and the Cannabinoids (pp. 17–49). Humana Press. Campbell, B. J., Berrada, A. F., Hudalla, C., Amaducci, S., & Mckay, J. K. (2019). Genotype × Environment Interactions of Industrial Hemp Cultivars Highlight Diverse Responses to Environmental Factors. 180057. https://doi.org/10.2134/age2018.11.0057 Cascini, F., Farcomeni, A., Migliorini, D., Baldassarri, L., Boschi, I., Martello, S., … Bernardi, J. (2019). Highly Predictive Genetic Markers Distinguish Drug-Type from Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L. MDPI Plants, 1–12. Danziger, N., & Bernstein, N. (2021). Shape Matters : Plant Architecture Affects Chemical Uniformity in Large-Size Medical Cannabis Plants. De Meijer, E., Bagatta, M., Carboni, A., Crucitti, P., Moliterni, C. V. M., Ranalli, P., & Mandolino, G. (2003). The Inheritance of Chemical Phenotype in Cannabis sativa L. Journal of Industrial Hemp, 8(2), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v08n02_04 De Meijer, E. P. M. ., & Hammond, K. M. (2016). The inheritance of chemical phenotype in Cannabis sativa L . ( V ): regulation of the propyl- / pentyl cannabinoid ratio , completion of a genetic model. Euphytica, (V). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1721-3 De Meijer, E., van der Kamp, H. J., & van Eeuwijk, F. A. (1992). Characterisation of Cannabis accessions with regard to cannabinoid content in relation to other plant characters. Euphytica, 62(3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041753 Dehnavi, M. M., Ebadi, A., Peirovi, A., Taylor, G., & Salami, S. A. (2022). THC and CBD Fingerprinting of an Elite Cannabis Collection from Iran : Quantifying Diversity to Underpin Future Cannabis Breeding. Edgar, R. C. (2004). MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. BMC Bioinformatics, 1–19. Edgar, R. C., Drive, R. M., & Valley, M. (2004). MUSCLE : multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. 32(5), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340 Faeti, V., Mandolino, G., & Ranalli, P. (1996). Genetic diversity of Cannabis sativa germplasm based on RAPD markers. Plant Breeding, 115(5), 367–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00935.x Faeti, F. V. (1999). Identification of DNA markers linked to the male sex in dioecious hemp ( Cannabis sativa L .). 86–92. Garfinkel, A. R., Otten, M., & Crawford, S. (2021). SNP in Potentially Defunct Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid Synthase Is a Marker for Cannabigerolic Acid Dominance in. Grassa, C. J., Weiblen, G. D., Wenger, J. P., Dabney, C., Poplawski, S. G., Motley, S. T., … Michael, T. P. (2021). A new Cannabis genome assembly associates elevated cannabid- iol ( CBD ) with hemp introgressed into marijuana. 1665–1679. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17243 Gülck, T., & Møller, B. L. (2020). Phytocannabinoids : Origins and Biosynthesis. 25(10), 985–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.005 Kojoma, M., Seki, H., & Yoshida, S. (2006). DNA polymorphisms in the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid ( THCA ) synthase gene in ‘“ drug-type ”’ and ‘“ fiber-type ”’ Cannabis sativa L . 159, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.07.005 Laverty, K. U., Stout, J. M., Sullivan, M. J., Shah, H., Gill, N., Holbrook, L., … Bakel, H. Van. (2019). A physical and genetic map of Cannabis sativa identifies extensive rearrangements at the THC / CBD acid synthase loci. 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.242594.118. Lynch, R. C., Vergara, D., Tittes, S., White, K., Schwartz, C. J., Gibbs, M. J., … Kane, N. C. (2017). Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences Genomic and Chemical Diversity in Cannabis. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 35(5–6), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2016.1265363 Mohamed M. Radwan, Amira S. Wanas, S. C., & ElSohly, and M. A. (2017). Natural Cannabinoids of Cannabis and Methods of Analysis. In S. C. • H. Lata. & M. A. ElSohly (Eds.), Cannabis sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology (Primera ed, pp. 161–182). Springer International Publishing. Onofri, C., & Mandolino, G. (2017). (2017). Genomics and Molecular Markers in Cannabis sativa L. In In Cannabis sativa L.-botany and biotechnolog (p. Springer, Cham.). Onofri, C., Meijer, E. P. M. De, & Mandolino, G. (2015). Phytochemistry Sequence heterogeneity of cannabidiolic- and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-synthase in Cannabis sativa L . and its relationship with chemical phenotype. Phytochemistry, 116, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.03.006 Pacifico, D., Miselli, F., Micheler, M., Carboni, A., Ranalli, P., & Mandolino, G. (2006). Genetics and marker-assisted selection of the chemotype in Cannabis sativa L. Molecular Breeding, 17(3), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-005-5681-x Park, S. H., Pauli, C. S., Gostin, E. L., Staples, S. K., Seifried, D., Kinney, C., & Heuvel, B. D. Vanden. (2022). Effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L .). Journal of Cannabis Research, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-021-00111-y Quilichini, T. D., Booth, J. K., Wong, D. C. J., Rensing, K. H., & Livingston, S. J. (2020). Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation. 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14516 Rigault, P. (2020). The Genomics of Cannabis and Its Close Relatives. (June). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-040203 Schwabe, A. L., Hansen, C. J., Hyslop, R. M., & Mcglaughlin, M. E. (2021). Comparative Genetic Structure of Cannabis sativa Including Federally Produced , Wild Collected , and Cultivated Samples. 12(September). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.675770 Sirikantaramas, S., & Taura, F. (2017). 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Molecular Plant, (January), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.001 |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Sarmiento Salazar, Felipe97400f5ef687d1b92cbb7c10c002339cDarghan, Aquiles Enrique4b26462a0b220ae9d49172c58c097e50Romero Betancourt, Juan David8f9d8c1edb098e4a1d1a5774c022a8d0Ingeniería Genética de Plantas2022-09-06T15:26:49Z2022-09-06T15:26:49Z2021https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82259Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, graficas, mapasCannabis sativa L. es una planta herbácea que recientemente ha ganado atención en el sector agrícola colombiano gracias a la legalización de su cultivo con fines medicinales e industriales. En el presente estudio se realizó la caracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L en los departamentos colombianos de Santander, Cundinamarca y Valle del cauca. Las variables morfológicas se registraron en las etapas de plántula, floración y poscosecha. La cuantificación de cannabinoides se realizó mediante cromatografía líquida de ultra eficiencia (UHPLC), y finalmente la caracterización molecular comprendió la genotipificación y secuenciación de los genes THCA sintasa / CBD sintasa. Los análisis estadísticos evidenciaron la falta de homogeneidad y distinguibilidad de las accesiones en la mayoría de las variables evaluadas. El contenido de cannabinoides mostró amplios intervalos de variación para la media dentro y entre las accesiones, y en el caso específico del contenido de tetrahidrocannabinol los promedios siempre superaron el límite de concentración establecido por la legislación colombiana. Las genotipificación mediante marcadores moleculares mostró una gran mayoría de pools heterocigotos, seguidos de homocigotos para CBDA sintasa y solo dos homocigotos para THCA sintasa. La secuenciación de los genes CBDA/THCA sintasa reveló la presencia de polimorfismos que afectan la eficiencia de la enzima que codifican, lo cual repercute sobre los niveles de acumulación de cannabinoides. Según estos resultados no es posible definir como variedades los materiales evaluados en este estudio ya que es evidente la heterogeneidad al interior de cada accesión, de forma alternativa, se propone una nueva clasificación de los individuos en tres grupos producto del análisis de clúster, la cual fue consistente para variables morfológicas, y variables de rendimiento. La metodología aquí reportada complementa el protocolo de caracterización morfológica propuesto por el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) y permite la identificación de diferencias no evidentes que afectan de forma significativa el criterio de clasificación de variedades vegetales. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Cannabis sativa L. is an herbaceous plant that has recently gained attention in the Colombian agricultural sector thanks to the legalization of its cultivation for medicinal and industrial purposes. In the present study, the morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of four accessions of Cannabis sativa L was carried out in the Colombian departments of Santander, Cundinamarca and Valle del cauca. Morphological variables were recorded in the seedling, flowering and postharvest stages. The quantification of cannabinoids was carried out using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and finally the molecular characterization included the genotyping and sequencing of the THCA synthase / CBD synthase alleles of the B locus. the accessions in most of the variables evaluated. The cannabinoid content showed wide ranges of variation for the mean within and between the accessions, and in the specific case of the tetrahydrocannabinol content, the averages always exceeded the concentration limit established by Colombian legislation. Molecular marker genotyping showed a large majority of heterozygous pools, followed by homozygous for CBDA synthase and only two homozygous for THCA synthase. The sequencing of the CBDA / THCA synthase alleles shows the presence of polymorphisms that affect the efficiency of the enzyme they encode, which is directly related with cannabinoid accumulation levels. According to these results, it is not possible to define the accessions evaluated in this study as varieties, since the heterogeneity within each accession is evident, alternatively, a three group classification of the individuals is presented according to cluster analysis. The methodology reported here complements the morphological characterization protocol proposed by the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) and allows the identification of non-evident differences that significantly represent the criterion for the classification of plant varieties.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - BiologíaGenética191 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - BiologíaDepartamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evoluciónCannabis sativaGenotiposgenotypesCannabis sativa LFenotipoUHPLCTHCCBDGenotipoSNPCannabis sativa LPhenotypeUHPLCTHCCBDGenotypeSNPCaracterización morfológica, bioquímica y molecular de cuatro accesiones de Cannabis sativa L.Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of four accessions of Cannabis sativa L.Trabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMRedColLaReferenciaAli, I., Aboul-enein, H. 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Molecular Plant, (January), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.001InvestigadoresMaestrosMedios de comunicaciónPadres y familiasPersonal de apoyo escolarProveedores de ayuda financiera para estudiantesPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84675https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82259/1/license.txtb577153cc0e11f0aeb5fc5005dc82d8aMD51ORIGINAL1023911851.2022.pdf1023911851.2022.pdfTésis de Maestría en Ciencias - Biologíaapplication/pdf6086280https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82259/2/1023911851.2022.pdf5e786d4a9313f19c475a415a9e5b56f9MD52THUMBNAIL1023911851.2022.pdf.jpg1023911851.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4492https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82259/3/1023911851.2022.pdf.jpgc35a66b15335bd65c1b1e06c4ad492fbMD53unal/82259oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/822592024-08-11 01:00:10.057Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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