Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico
El carcinoma de endometrio es una patología heterogénea a nivel patogénico, histopatológico y molecular. En los últimos años se han sumado esfuerzos para esclarecer y aumentar el conocimiento de las bases moleculares, logrando así dividir las pacientes en cuatro subgrupos descritos por el Atlas del...
- Autores:
-
Pérez Montiel, Camilo Andrés
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UNAB
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/25922
- Palabra clave:
- Carcinoma
Endometrio
Neoplasias Endometriales
Inmunohistoquímica
Pronóstico
Genoma
Medical sciences
Life sciences
Carcinoma
Endometrium
Endometrial Neoplasms
Immunohistochemistry
Prognosis
Genome
Health sciences
Ciências médicas
Ciências da vida
Ciências da saúde
Carcinoma
Endométrio
Neoplasias do Endométrio
Imuno-Histoquímica
Prognóstico
Genoma
Ciencias médicas
Ciencias de la vida
Ciencias de la salud
- Rights
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
New molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma: impact on histopathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis |
dc.title.translated.por.fl_str_mv |
Nova classificação molecular do carcinoma de endométrio: impacto no diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamento e prognóstico |
title |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
spellingShingle |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico Carcinoma Endometrio Neoplasias Endometriales Inmunohistoquímica Pronóstico Genoma Medical sciences Life sciences Carcinoma Endometrium Endometrial Neoplasms Immunohistochemistry Prognosis Genome Health sciences Ciências médicas Ciências da vida Ciências da saúde Carcinoma Endométrio Neoplasias do Endométrio Imuno-Histoquímica Prognóstico Genoma Ciencias médicas Ciencias de la vida Ciencias de la salud |
title_short |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
title_full |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
title_fullStr |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
title_sort |
Nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronóstico |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Pérez Montiel, Camilo Andrés |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Pérez Montiel, Camilo Andrés |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Carcinoma Endometrio Neoplasias Endometriales Inmunohistoquímica Pronóstico Genoma |
topic |
Carcinoma Endometrio Neoplasias Endometriales Inmunohistoquímica Pronóstico Genoma Medical sciences Life sciences Carcinoma Endometrium Endometrial Neoplasms Immunohistochemistry Prognosis Genome Health sciences Ciências médicas Ciências da vida Ciências da saúde Carcinoma Endométrio Neoplasias do Endométrio Imuno-Histoquímica Prognóstico Genoma Ciencias médicas Ciencias de la vida Ciencias de la salud |
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv |
Medical sciences Life sciences Carcinoma Endometrium Endometrial Neoplasms Immunohistochemistry Prognosis Genome Health sciences |
dc.subject.keywords.por.fl_str_mv |
Ciências médicas Ciências da vida Ciências da saúde Carcinoma Endométrio Neoplasias do Endométrio Imuno-Histoquímica Prognóstico Genoma |
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias médicas Ciencias de la vida |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias de la salud |
description |
El carcinoma de endometrio es una patología heterogénea a nivel patogénico, histopatológico y molecular. En los últimos años se han sumado esfuerzos para esclarecer y aumentar el conocimiento de las bases moleculares, logrando así dividir las pacientes en cuatro subgrupos descritos por el Atlas del Genoma del Cáncer (TCGA, por sus siglas en inglés), obteniéndose valiosa información que afecta el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de las pacientes con esta enfermedad. El objetivo de la siguiente revisión es exponer la nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio, así como discutir las ventajas que esta trae a la hora de estratificar a las pacientes y tomar decisiones terapéuticas. División de los temas tratados. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane y Medline desde el año 2014 hasta el 2020 sobre el carcinoma de endometrio y su clasificación molecular. Se expone de manera concreta y actualizada el contexto histórico, los diferentes subgrupos moleculares y cómo estos impactan en el manejo de las pacientes. Conclusiones. El carcinoma de endometrio es una enfermedad heterogénea a nivel histopatológico, clínico y molecular. Con la nueva clasificación y los estudios prospectivos se podrán crear nuevas estrategias que permitan brindar mejores protocolos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-20 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-08-05T14:48:53Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-08-05T14:48:53Z |
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv |
Article |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
i-ISSN 0123-7047 e-ISSN 2382-4603 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/25922 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.4015 |
identifier_str_mv |
i-ISSN 0123-7047 e-ISSN 2382-4603 instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/25922 https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.4015 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/article/view/4015/3551 |
dc.relation.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/issue/view/277 |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
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Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma applied to endometrial biopsy specimens: Towards early personalized patient management. Gynecol Oncol [Internet]. 2019;154(3):467-474. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.06.012 World Health Organization. Publication of the WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th Edition, Vo|lume 4: Female genital Tumours [Internet]. Who.int. [consultado el 27 de abril de 2021]. Recuperado a partir de https://www.iarc.who.int/news-events/ publication-of-the-who-classification-of-tumours- 5th-edition-volume-4-female-genital-tumours/ Murali R, Davidson B, Fadare O, Carlson JA, Crum CP, Gilks CB, et al. High-grade Endometrial Carcinomas: Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Features, Diagnostic Challenges and Recommendations. Int J Gynecol Pathol [Internet]. 2019;38:S40-S63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000000491 Han G, Soslow RA, Wethington S, Levine DA, Bogomolniy F, Clement PB, et al. Endometrial Carcinomas With Clear Cells: A Study of a Heterogeneous Group of Tumors Including Interobserver Variability, Mutation Analysis, and Immunohistochemistry with HNF-1β. Int J Gynecol Pathol [Internet]. 2015;34(4):323-33. doi: https://doi. org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000000162 Mhlongo SE, Naidoo TD, Makhathini BS. Discrepancy between preoperative endometrial sampling and hysterectomy diagnosis in endometrial cancer. South Afr J Gynaecol Oncol [Internet]. 2020;12(1):13-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2020.1754659 Imai K, Kato H, Katayama K, Nakanishi K, Kawano A, Iura A, et al. A preoperative risk-scoring system to predict lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer and stratify patients for lymphadenectomy. Gynecol Oncol [Internet]. 2016;142(2):273-7. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.06.004 Bendifallah S, Canlorbe G, Collinet P, Arsène E, Huguet F, Coutant C, et al. Just how accurate are the major risk stratification systems for early- stage endometrial cancer? Br J Cancer [Internet]. 2015;112(5):793-801. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ bjc.2015.35 McConechy MK, Talhouk A, Leung S, Chiu D, Yang W, Senz J, et al. Endometrial carcinomas with POLE Exonuclease Domain Mutations Have a Favorable Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2016;22(12):2865-73. doi: https://doi. org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2233 Levine DA, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma. Nature [Internet]. 2013;497(7447):67-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature12113 McAlpine J, Leon-Castillo A, Bosse T. The rise of a novel classification system for endometrial carcinoma; integration of molecular subclasses. J Pathol [Internet]. 2018;244:538-549. doi: https://doi. org/10.1002/path.5034 Rayner E, van Gool IC, Palles C, Kearsey SE, Bosse T, Tomlinson I, et al. A panoply of errors: polymerase proofreading domain mutations in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer [Internet]. 2016;16:71-81. doi: https://doi. org/10.1038/nrc.2015.12 Talhouk A, McConechy MK, Leung S, Li-Chang HH, Kwon JS, Melnyk N, et al. A clinically applicable molecular-based classification for endometrial cancers. Br J Cancer [Internet]. 2015;113: 299-310. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.190 Shinbrot E, Henninger EE, Weinhold N, Covington KR, Göksenin AY, Schultz N, et al. Exonuclease mutations in DNA polymerase epsilon reveal replication strand specific mutation patterns and human origins of replication. Genome Res [Internet]. 2014;24:1740-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.174789.114 Eggink FA, Van Gool IC, LearyA, Pollock PM, Crosbie EJ, Mileshkin L, et al. Immunological profiling of molecularly classified high-risk endometrial cancers identifies POLE-mutant and microsatellite unstable carcinomas as candidates for checkpoint inhibition. Oncoimmunology [Internet]. 2017;6(2):e1264565. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2016.1264565 Hussein YR, Weigelt B, Levine DA, Schoolmeester JK, Dao LN, Balzer BL, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of endometrial carcinomas harboring somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations. Mod Pathol [Internet]. 2015;28:505-14. doi: https://doi. org/10.1038/modpathol.2014.143 Simpkins SB, Bocker T, Swisher EM, Mutch DG, Gersell DJ, Kovatich AJ, et al. MLH1 Promoter Methylation and Gene Silencing is the Primary Cause of Microsatellite Instability in Sporadic Endometrial Cancers. Hum Mol Genet [Internet]. 1999;8(4):661- 666. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/8.4.661 Liccardo R, De Rosa M, Izzo P, Duraturo F. Novel Implications in Molecular Diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome. Gastroenterol Res Pract [Internet]. 2017;2017:12p. doi: https://doi. org/10.1155/2017/2595098 DeLair DF, Burke KA, Selenica P, Lim RS, Scott SN, Middha S, et al. The genetic landscape of endometrial clear cell carcinomas. J Pathol [Internet]. 2017;243(2):230-241. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ path.4947 Stelloo E, Nout RA, Osse EM, Jürgenliemk- Schulz IJ, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LC, et al. Improved Risk Assessment by Integrating Molecular and Clinicopathological Factors in Early- stage Endometrial Cancer-Combined Analysis of the PORTEC Cohorts. Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2016;22(16):4215-24. doi: https://doi. org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2878 Visser NC, Bulten J, van der Wurff AA, Boss EA, Bronkhorst CM, Feijen HW, et al. PIpelle Prospective ENDOmetrial carcinoma (PIPENDO) study, pre- operative recognition of high risk endometrial carcinoma: a multicentre prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer [Internet]. 2015;15:487. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1487-3 Carlson J, McCluggage WG. Reclassifying endometrial carcinomas with a combined morphological and molecular approach. Curr Opin Oncol [Internet]. 2019;31(5):411-419. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0000000000000560 Suarez AA, Felix AS, Cohn DE. Bokhman Redux: Endometrial cancer “types” in the 21st century. Gynecol Oncol [Internet]. 2017;144(2):243-249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.12.010 Alvarado-Cabrero I, Estevez-Castro R, Valencia- Cedillo R. Estado actual del carcinoma de endometrio. Patología Rev Latinoam [Internet]. 2020;58:1-9. Recuperado a partir de: http://www. revistapatologia.com/content/2020/0106201326.pdf Bosse T, Nout RA, McAlpine JN, McConechy MK, Britton H, Hussein YR, et al. Molecular Classification of Grade 3 Endometrioid Endometrial Cancers Identifies Distinct Prognostic Subgroups. Am J Surg Pathol [Internet]. 2018;42(5):561-568. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000001020 Cosgrove CM, Cohn DE, Hampel H, Frankel WL, Jones D, McElroy JP, et al. Epigenetic silencing of MLH1 in endometrial cancers is associated with larger tumor volume, increased rate of lymph node positivity and reduced recurrence-free survival. Gynecol Oncol [Internet]. 2017;146(3):588-595. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.07.003 Hoang LN, Kinloch MA, Leo JM, Grondin K, Lee CH, Ewanowich C, et al. Interobserver Agreement in Endometrial Carcinoma Histotype Diagnosis Varies Depending on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-based Molecular Subgroup. Am J Surg Pathol [Internet]. 2017;41(2):245-252. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000764 Talhouk A, McConechy MK, Leung S, Yang W, Lum A, Senz J, et al. Confirmation of ProMisE: A simple, genomics-based clinical classifier for endometrial cancer. Cancer [Internet]. 2017;123(5):802-813. doi: https://doi. org/10.1002/cncr.30496 Stelloo E, Bosse T, Nout RA, MacKay HJ, Church DN, Nijman HW, et al. Refining prognosis and identifying targetable pathways for high-risk endometrial cancer; a TransPORTEC initiative. 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Gynecol Oncol [Internet]. 2016;143(1):46-53. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.07.090 ISRCTN registry.PORTEC-4a: Randomised Trial of Standard or Molecular Profile-Based Recommendation for Radiotherapy after Surgery for Women with Early Stage Endometrial Cancer. ISRCTN [Internet]. 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11659025 Howitt BE, Shukla SA, Konstantinopoulos PA. Neoepitopes and CD3-Positive and CD8-Positive Cells in Polymerase e-Mutated and Microsatellite-Instable Endometrial Cancers--Reply. JAMA Oncol [Internet]. 2016;2(1):141-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/ jamaoncol.2015.3903 Brown SD, Warren RL, Gibb EA, Martin SD, Spinelli JJ, Nelson BH, et al. Neo-antigens predicted by tumor genome meta-analysis correlate with increased patient survival. Genome Res [Internet]. 2014;24:743-750. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.165985.113 Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. 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J Clin Invest [Internet]. 2016;126(6):2334-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI84940 Santin AD, Bellone S, Buza N, Choi J, Schwartz PE, Schlessinger J, et al. Regression of Chemotherapy- Resistant Polymerase ε (POLE) Ultra-Mutated and MSH6 Hyper-Mutated Endometrial Tumors with Nivolumab. Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2016;22(23):5682-5687. doi: https://doi. org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1031 |
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Pérez Montiel, Camilo Andrésde767fe8-a598-43b4-9e67-d4d51cbc1eab2024-08-05T14:48:53Z2024-08-05T14:48:53Z2021-10-20i-ISSN 0123-7047e-ISSN 2382-4603http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/25922instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cohttps://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.4015El carcinoma de endometrio es una patología heterogénea a nivel patogénico, histopatológico y molecular. En los últimos años se han sumado esfuerzos para esclarecer y aumentar el conocimiento de las bases moleculares, logrando así dividir las pacientes en cuatro subgrupos descritos por el Atlas del Genoma del Cáncer (TCGA, por sus siglas en inglés), obteniéndose valiosa información que afecta el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de las pacientes con esta enfermedad. El objetivo de la siguiente revisión es exponer la nueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio, así como discutir las ventajas que esta trae a la hora de estratificar a las pacientes y tomar decisiones terapéuticas. División de los temas tratados. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane y Medline desde el año 2014 hasta el 2020 sobre el carcinoma de endometrio y su clasificación molecular. Se expone de manera concreta y actualizada el contexto histórico, los diferentes subgrupos moleculares y cómo estos impactan en el manejo de las pacientes. Conclusiones. El carcinoma de endometrio es una enfermedad heterogénea a nivel histopatológico, clínico y molecular. Con la nueva clasificación y los estudios prospectivos se podrán crear nuevas estrategias que permitan brindar mejores protocolos diagnósticos y terapéuticos.Endometrial carcinoma is a heterogeneous pathology in pathologenic, histopathological, and molecular terms. Over the last years, efforts have been made to clarify and increase knowledge of molecular bases, as such dividing patients into four subgroups described by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), obtaining valuable information that affects the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with this disease. The objective of this review is to exhibit the new molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma, and to discuss its advantages when stratifying patients and making therapeutic decisions. Division of Covered Topics. A non-systematic bibliographical search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases from 2014 to 2020, on endometrial carcinoma and its molecular classification. The historical context, different molecular subgroups and how these impact patient handling are shown in a concrete and updated way. Conclusions. Endometrial carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease in histopathological, clinical, and molecular terms. With the new classification and the prospective studies, new strategies can be created to provide better diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.O carcinoma de endométrio é uma patologia heterogênea no nível patogênico, histopatológico e molecular. Nos últimos anos, foram feitos esforços para esclarecer e aumentar o conhecimento das bases moleculares, conseguindo dividir as pacientes em quatro subgrupos descritos pelo Atlas do Genoma do Câncer (TCGA, por suas siglas em inglês), obtendo informações valiosas que afetam o diagnóstico, o tratamento e o prognóstico das pacientes com esta doença. O objetivo da seguinte revisão é apresentar a nova classificação molecular do carcinoma de endométrio, bem como discutir as vantagens que ela traz no momento de estratificar as pacientes e tomar decisões terapêuticas. Divisão dos tópicos abordados. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica não sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e Medline de 2014 a 2020 sobre o carcinoma de endométrio e sua classificação molecular. São apresentados de forma concreta e atualizada o contexto histórico, os diferentes subgrupos moleculares e como esses têm impacto no tratamento das pacientes. Conclusões. O carcinoma de endométrio é uma doença heterogênea no nível histopatológico, clínico e molecular. Com a nova classificação e estudos prospectivos, novas estratégias podem ser desenvolvidas para fornecer melhores protocolos diagnósticos e terapêuticos.application/pdfspahttps://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/article/view/4015/3551https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/issue/view/277Talhouk A, McAlpine JN. New classification of endometrial cancers: the development and potential applications of genomic-based classification in research and clinical care. 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Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2016;22(23):5682-5687. doi: https://doi. org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1031http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Vol. 24 Núm. 3 (2021): diciembre 2021 - marzo 2022: COVID-19, Embolia y Trombosis, Neoplasias; 365-374CarcinomaEndometrioNeoplasias EndometrialesInmunohistoquímicaPronósticoGenomaMedical sciencesLife sciencesCarcinomaEndometriumEndometrial NeoplasmsImmunohistochemistryPrognosisGenomeHealth sciencesCiências médicasCiências da vidaCiências da saúdeCarcinomaEndométrioNeoplasias do EndométrioImuno-HistoquímicaPrognósticoGenomaCiencias médicasCiencias de la vidaCiencias de la saludNueva clasificación molecular del carcinoma de endometrio: impacto en el diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamiento y pronósticoNew molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma: impact on histopathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosisNova classificação molecular do carcinoma de endométrio: impacto no diagnóstico histopatológico, tratamento e prognósticoArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludORIGINALArtículo.pdfArtículo.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf703657https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/25922/1/Art%c3%adculo.pdf01138268e51b43b0504c0fd48348fc54MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8183https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/25922/2/license.txt737346e09d47a3db691f1370de49426aMD52open accessTHUMBNAILArtículo.pdf.jpgArtículo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg11603https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/25922/3/Art%c3%adculo.pdf.jpgb1b6ec3984b89d08365ec2dc2054951eMD53open access20.500.12749/25922oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/259222024-08-05 22:00:32.944open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.coTGFzIHB1YmxpY2FjaW9uZXMgZGUgbGEgcmV2aXN0YSBNZWRVTkFCIGVzdMOhbiBiYWpvIHVuYSBMaWNlbmNpYSBkZSBBdHJpYnVjacOzbiBkZSBCaWVuZXMgQ29tdW5lcyBDcmVhdGl2b3MgKENyZWF0aXZlIENvbW1vbnMsIENDKSB0aXBvIDQuMCwgY29uIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF0cmlidWNpw7NuIHkgbm8gY29tZXJjaWFs |