Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB
Actualmente existe gran interés por parte de los conductores de vehículos de reducir el consumo de combustible, ya que cada vez el precio del galón sigue siendo más alto, esto por distintos factores, Colombia no produce la cantidad de combustible necesaria por mes, actualmente produce un poco más de...
- Autores:
-
Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UNAB
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/23175
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/23175
- Palabra clave:
- Mechatronic
Vehicle performance
Fuel consumption
Measure fuel consumption
Energetic resources
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Vehicle driving
Mecatrónica
Recursos energéticos
Consumo de energía
Rendimiento energético
Conducción de vehículos
Consumo de combustible
Medir el consumo de combustible
Rendimiento del vehículo
- Rights
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vehicle energy performance evaluation: UNAB bus case |
| title |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| spellingShingle |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB Mechatronic Vehicle performance Fuel consumption Measure fuel consumption Energetic resources Energy consumption Energy efficiency Vehicle driving Mecatrónica Recursos energéticos Consumo de energía Rendimiento energético Conducción de vehículos Consumo de combustible Medir el consumo de combustible Rendimiento del vehículo |
| title_short |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| title_full |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| title_sort |
Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNAB |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cordero Moreno, Daniel |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander |
| dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv |
Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander [1005012150] Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella [0000040553] |
| dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv |
Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander [ENXbA6oAAAAJ] Cordero Moreno, Daniel [es&oi=ao] |
| dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander [0009-0006-9307-7454] Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella [0000-0003-2319-1965] Cordero Moreno, Daniel [0000-0002-2155-2627] |
| dc.contributor.apolounab.spa.fl_str_mv |
Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella [jessica-gissella-maradey-lázaro] |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Mechatronic Vehicle performance Fuel consumption Measure fuel consumption Energetic resources Energy consumption Energy efficiency Vehicle driving |
| topic |
Mechatronic Vehicle performance Fuel consumption Measure fuel consumption Energetic resources Energy consumption Energy efficiency Vehicle driving Mecatrónica Recursos energéticos Consumo de energía Rendimiento energético Conducción de vehículos Consumo de combustible Medir el consumo de combustible Rendimiento del vehículo |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Mecatrónica Recursos energéticos Consumo de energía Rendimiento energético Conducción de vehículos |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Consumo de combustible Medir el consumo de combustible Rendimiento del vehículo |
| description |
Actualmente existe gran interés por parte de los conductores de vehículos de reducir el consumo de combustible, ya que cada vez el precio del galón sigue siendo más alto, esto por distintos factores, Colombia no produce la cantidad de combustible necesaria por mes, actualmente produce un poco más del 70% y el restante es importado. También existe un déficit del Fondo de Estabilización de Precios de los Combustibles (FEPC), por lo que también se hace necesario elevar los precios del galón. Según la literatura la conducción presenta una notable influencia sobre el consumo de energía, si se realiza de manera eficiente puede generar un ahorro entre un 5% y un 25% en condiciones reales de operación [1]. La Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB) cuenta con un bus para el traslado de su comunidad de una sede a otra. En el proyecto desarrollado se evaluó el desempeño energético del bus UNAB en operación normal a través del monitoreo a bordo (OBD II). Se describió el patrón de conducción y a partir de este se desarrolló el ciclo de conducción basado en Micro Trips Fuel Based (MTFBM) alcanzo una similitud <20% de las diferencias relativas promedio de los CP’s, la clasificación de los estilos de conducción por medio del SAFD indico que las velocidades que se conducen en la ruta del bus son velocidades bajas, se realizó una comparación del método de aceleración vs el método del jerk, donde se validó que un estilo de conducción agresivo aumenta el consumo de combustible. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-17T19:17:54Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-17T19:17:54Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-17 |
| dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
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Trabajo de Grado |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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spa |
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 1999. http://cires.colorado.edu/jimenez/Papers/Jimenez_ PhD_Thesis.pdf. Accessed May 16, 2007. |
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Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisellac62c58d1-ff01-4441-8b8c-a1cad8a021a7Cordero Moreno, Danielab3d0fc7-1292-4a5c-8d58-5e7c4b1525b1300Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander939377c7-9484-42ae-b682-f48798b52dc1Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander [1005012150]Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella [0000040553]Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander [ENXbA6oAAAAJ]Cordero Moreno, Daniel [es&oi=ao]Suarez Rivera, Diego Alexander [0009-0006-9307-7454]Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella [0000-0003-2319-1965]Cordero Moreno, Daniel [0000-0002-2155-2627]Maradey Lázaro, Jessica Gisella [jessica-gissella-maradey-lázaro]Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)Enero de 2023 a Diciembre de 2023UNAB Campus Bucaramanga2024-01-17T19:17:54Z2024-01-17T19:17:54Z2024-01-17http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/23175instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coActualmente existe gran interés por parte de los conductores de vehículos de reducir el consumo de combustible, ya que cada vez el precio del galón sigue siendo más alto, esto por distintos factores, Colombia no produce la cantidad de combustible necesaria por mes, actualmente produce un poco más del 70% y el restante es importado. También existe un déficit del Fondo de Estabilización de Precios de los Combustibles (FEPC), por lo que también se hace necesario elevar los precios del galón. Según la literatura la conducción presenta una notable influencia sobre el consumo de energía, si se realiza de manera eficiente puede generar un ahorro entre un 5% y un 25% en condiciones reales de operación [1]. La Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB) cuenta con un bus para el traslado de su comunidad de una sede a otra. En el proyecto desarrollado se evaluó el desempeño energético del bus UNAB en operación normal a través del monitoreo a bordo (OBD II). Se describió el patrón de conducción y a partir de este se desarrolló el ciclo de conducción basado en Micro Trips Fuel Based (MTFBM) alcanzo una similitud <20% de las diferencias relativas promedio de los CP’s, la clasificación de los estilos de conducción por medio del SAFD indico que las velocidades que se conducen en la ruta del bus son velocidades bajas, se realizó una comparación del método de aceleración vs el método del jerk, donde se validó que un estilo de conducción agresivo aumenta el consumo de combustible.1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................ 13 1.1 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA ............................................................ 13 1.2 JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA .......................................................... 14 1.3 OBJETIVOS .............................................................................................. 16 1.3.1 Objetivo general ................................................................................. 16 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos ......................................................................... 16 2 ESTADO DEL ARTE ...................................................................................... 17 3. MARCO TEÓRICO ......................................................................................... 23 3.1 Combustible ................................................................................................. 23 3.1.1 Diesel ..................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Consumo de combustible ............................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Fases de un motor de combustión interna ............................................. 23 3.2.2 Tipos de combustión .............................................................................. 24 3.2.2.1 Combustión completa ...................................................................... 24 3.2.2.2 Combustión incompleta ................................................................... 24 3.2.2.3 Combustión estequiométrica ........................................................... 24 3.2.2.4 Combustión real .............................................................................. 24 3.2.3 Mediciones del consumo de combustible .............................................. 24 3.2.3.1 Dinamómetro de motor .................................................................... 25 3.2.3.2 Dinamómetro de chasis ................................................................... 25 3.2.3.3 Tecnologías a bordo ........................................................................ 25 3.2.3.4 Simulador de manejo ...................................................................... 26 3.2.4 Factores que influyen en el consumo de combustible ........................ 26 3.3 Estilos de conducción ................................................................................... 27 3.3.1 Factores que influyen en los estilos de conducción ............................... 27 3.3.2 Tipo de estilos de conducción ............................................................ 27 3.4 Ciclos de conducción ................................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Tipos de ciclos de conducción ............................................................... 27 3.4.2. Los ciclos de conducción para representar condiciones operativas reales ........................................................................................................................ 28 3.4.3 Métodos de elaboración de ciclos de conducción .................................. 28 3.4.3.1 Métodos estocásticos ...................................................................... 28 3.4.3.2 Métodos determinísticos ................................................................. 29 4. METODOLOGÍA ............................................................................................. 30 4.1 MODELADO/SIMULACIÓN .......................................................................... 30 4.1.1 Actividad 1, reconocer la necesidad. ..................................................... 31 4.1.2 Actividad 2, Investigar la literatura. ........................................................ 31 4.1.2.1 Resultados de la investigación del estado del arte.......................... 31 4.1.2.2. Investigación del marco teórico sobre consumo de combustible, diferentes metodologías para poder medir o determinar el consumo, estilos de conducción y ciclos de conducción. ....................................................... 31 4.1.3 Actividad 3, investigar la instrumentación. ............................................. 31 4.1.3.1 Definición del sistema de diagnóstico a bordo (OBD). .................... 32 4.1.3.2 Aplicación del diagnóstico a bordo (OBD). ...................................... 32 4.1.3.3 Interfaz ELM 327 OBD2 .................................................................. 32 4.1.3.4 Puerto OBD II .................................................................................. 32 4.1.3.5 Selección de dispositivos ................................................................ 34 4.1.3.7 Características de cada dispositivo ................................................. 35 4.1.3.8 Criterios para la elección de los dispositivos. .................................. 37 4.1.4 Actividad 4, Implementación del dispositivo. .......................................... 38 4.1.4.1 Selección y caracterización técnica del vehículo............................. 38 4.1.4.2 Caracterización sociodemográfica del conductor. ........................... 41 4.1.4.3 Campaña de monitoreo. .................................................................. 42 4.2 ADQUISICIÓN .............................................................................................. 47 4.2.1 Realizar pruebas de adquisición de datos. ............................................ 47 4.3 ELIMINACION DE DATOS ATIPICOS ......................................................... 48 4.3.1 Etapa 1 de eliminación de datos atípicos manualmente. ....................... 48 4.3.2 Etapa 2 y 3 eliminación de datos atípicos por código. ........................... 49 4.3.3 Etapa 4 de eliminación de datos atípicos manualmente. ....................... 50 4.4 METODOLOGIA ESTABLECIDA PARA LA CONSTRUCCION DEL CICLO DE CONDUCCION ............................................................................................. 51 4.4.1 Método micro-trips fuel based method (MTFBM) ................................... 51 4.4.2 Selección de parámetros característicos ............................................... 51 4.4.3 Ecuaciones para el cálculo de los parámetros característicos. .............. 52 4.4.4 Calculo de los parámetros característicos de los datos monitoreados .. 53 4.4.5 Obtención de los micro viajes ................................................................ 54 4.4.6 Clúster y distribución de probabilidad .................................................... 54 4.4.7 Selección cuasi aleatoria y empalme de los micro viajes ...................... 55 4.4.8 Validación del ciclo de conducción ........................................................ 56 4.5 POTENCIA ESPECÍFICA DEL VEHICULO (VSP) ....................................... 57 4.5.1 Proceso de obtención de las variables para calcular el VSP ................. 60 4.6 METODOLOGIA APLICADA PARA LA CLASIFICACION DE LOS ESTILOS DE CONDUCCION ............................................................................................. 60 4.6.1 Selección de las características para la clasificación de los estilos de conducción ...................................................................................................... 62 4.6.2 Diagrama de frecuencia – velocidad – aceleración (SAFD) ................... 63 4.6.3 Metodología aceleración ........................................................................ 64 4.6.4 Metodología Jerk ................................................................................... 64 4.6.5 Construcción del algoritmo desarrollado ................................................ 64 Donde, || es el valor absoluto calculado a partir de la derivada de la aceleración. .................................................................................................... 65 4.6.6 Metodología DBSCAN ........................................................................... 66 4.6.7. Metodología KMEANS .......................................................................... 66 La metodología Kmeans es un algoritmo de clasificación no supervisada por medio de clusterización, donde se agrupan objetos en “k” grupos basándose en sus características. Este agrupamiento se realiza minimizando la suma de distancias entre cada objeto y el centroide de su clúster. ............................... 66 4.6.7 Construcción del algoritmo desarrollado ................................................ 66 5 RESULTADOS Y ANALISIS DE DATOS ............................................................ 68 5.1 CICLO DE CONDUCCION OBTENIDO ....................................................... 68 5.2 PARAMETROS CARACTERISTICOS – DIFERENCIAS RELATIVAS ......... 68 5.3 ANALISIS DE LA POTENCIA ESPECÍFICA DEL VEHICULO (VSP) ........... 70 5.4 DIAGRAMA VELOCIDAD VS CONSUMO Y ACELERACION VS CONSUMO ........................................................................................................................... 72 5.4.1 Velocidad vs consumo ........................................................................... 72 5.4.2 Aceleración vs consumo ........................................................................ 73 5.5 CLASIFICACION DE LOS ESTILOS DE CONDUCCION POR MEDIO DEL DIAGRAMA SAFD .............................................................................................. 74 5.4.1 Análisis de la variable velocidad del diagrama SAFD ............................ 74 5.4.2 Análisis de la variable aceleración del diagrama SAFD. ........................ 75 5.6 CLASIFICACION DE LOS ESTILOS DE CONDUCCION METODO DE ACELERACION Y METODO DEL JERK ........................................................... 77 5.6.1 Correlación del consumo de combustible y los estilos de conducción ... 78 5.7 CLASIFICACION DE LOS ESTILOS DE CONDUCCION METODOLOGIA DBSCAN Y KMEANS ......................................................................................... 79 5.5.1 Análisis de los datos .............................................................................. 79 5.5.1.1 Variación estadística por medio de la varianza ............................... 79 5.5.1.2 Preparación del PCA para observar el impacto de las features ...... 80 5.5.2 Metodología DBSCAN ........................................................................... 81 5.5.2.1Segmentación de datos para aplicar DBSCAN ................................ 81 5.5.2.2 Detección y eliminación de outliers para cada base de datos ......... 82 5.5.3 Metodología KMEANS ........................................................................... 84 5.5.3.1 Resultados de la metodología KMEANS ......................................... 85 5.7 ESTRATEGIAS DE MEJORA PARA REDUCIR EL CONSUMO DE COMBUSTIBLE DEL BUS UNAB. ..................................................................... 86 6 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................... 88 7. RECOMENDACIONES Y TRABAJOS A FUTURO ........................................... 90 BIBLIOGRAFIA ...................................................................................................... 91 8 ANEXOS ............................................................................................................. 97 8.1 CODIGO PARA LA CONSTRUCCION DEL CICLO DE CONDUCCION CANDIDATO (MTFBM) ...................................................................................... 97 8.2 CODIGO PARA LA CLASIFICACION DE LOS ESTILOS DE CONDUCCION (DBSCAN - K-MEANS) .................................................................................... 109PregradoCurrently there is great interest on the part of vehicle drivers to reduce fuel consumption, since the price per gallon continues to be higher and higher, this is due to different factors, Colombia does not produce the necessary amount of fuel per month, it currently produces a just over 70% and the rest is imported. There is also a deficit in the Fuel Price Stabilization Fund (FEPC), so it is also necessary to raise prices per gallon. According to the literature, driving has a notable influence on energy consumption; if done efficiently it can generate savings between 5% and 25% in real operating conditions [1]. The Autonomous University of Bucaramanga (UNAB) has a bus to transport its community from one location to another. In the developed project, the energy performance of the UNAB bus in normal operation was evaluated through on-board monitoring (OBD II). The driving pattern was described and from this the driving cycle based on Micro Trips Fuel Based (MTFBM) was developed, achieving a similarity <20% of the average relative differences of the CP's, the classification of driving styles through the SAFD indicated that the speeds driven on the bus route are low speeds, a comparison of the acceleration method vs. the jerk method was carried out, where it was validated that an aggressive driving style increases fuel consumption.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Evaluación de desempeño energético de vehículos: Caso bus UNABVehicle energy performance evaluation: UNAB bus caseIngeniero MecatrónicoUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad IngenieríaPregrado Ingeniería Mecatrónicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisTrabajo de Gradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPMechatronicVehicle performanceFuel consumptionMeasure fuel consumptionEnergetic resourcesEnergy consumptionEnergy efficiencyVehicle drivingMecatrónicaRecursos energéticosConsumo de energíaRendimiento energéticoConducción de vehículosConsumo de combustibleMedir el consumo de combustibleRendimiento del vehículoK. 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