Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte

Introducción: La lactancia materna es el proceso fisiológico que posibilita el primer alimento natural del ser humano en su primera etapa de vida. Cubre todas las necesidades nutricionales que garantizan su crecimiento y desarrollo normal. Se han identificado los beneficios que brinda en cuanto al n...

Full description

Autores:
Sepúlveda Sierra, Angélica María
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
Repositorio:
Repositorio UNAB
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/22780
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/22780
Palabra clave:
Exclusive breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Risk factors
Abandonment
Breastfeeding difficulties
Nipple trauma
Cracked nipple
Engorgement
Abscess breast
Gynecology
Obstetrics
Medical sciences
Child nutrition
Parenteral feeding of children
Children growth
Ginecología
Obstetricia
Ciencias médicas
Nutrición infantil
Alimentación parenteral de niños
Niños crecimiento
Lactancia materna exclusiva
Lactancia materna
Factores de riesgo
Abandono
Dificultades de la lactancia
Trauma de pezón
Dolor en pezón
Pezón agrietado
Congestión mamaria
Mastitis
Absceso de mama
Rights
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
id UNAB2_a3debfab247b1750e1e61bd45829b392
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/22780
network_acronym_str UNAB2
network_name_str Repositorio UNAB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Association between puerperal breast pathologies and the abandonment of breastfeeding at the Hospital Local del Norte
title Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
spellingShingle Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
Exclusive breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Risk factors
Abandonment
Breastfeeding difficulties
Nipple trauma
Cracked nipple
Engorgement
Abscess breast
Gynecology
Obstetrics
Medical sciences
Child nutrition
Parenteral feeding of children
Children growth
Ginecología
Obstetricia
Ciencias médicas
Nutrición infantil
Alimentación parenteral de niños
Niños crecimiento
Lactancia materna exclusiva
Lactancia materna
Factores de riesgo
Abandono
Dificultades de la lactancia
Trauma de pezón
Dolor en pezón
Pezón agrietado
Congestión mamaria
Mastitis
Absceso de mama
title_short Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
title_full Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
title_fullStr Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
title_full_unstemmed Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
title_sort Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del Norte
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sepúlveda Sierra, Angélica María
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Ortiz Serrano, Ricardo
Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sepúlveda Sierra, Angélica María
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [0001363740]
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [es&oi=ao]
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Ortiz Serrano, Ricardo [0009-0004-4859-5952]
Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [0000-0001-5881-1998]
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Estudio Genético de Enfermedades Complejas
Grupo de Investigaciones Clínicas
dc.contributor.apolounab.spa.fl_str_mv Ortiz Serrano, Ricardo [ricardo-ortiz-serrano]
Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [yeny-zulay-castellanos-domínguez]
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Exclusive breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Risk factors
Abandonment
Breastfeeding difficulties
Nipple trauma
Cracked nipple
Engorgement
Abscess breast
Gynecology
Obstetrics
Medical sciences
Child nutrition
Parenteral feeding of children
Children growth
topic Exclusive breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Risk factors
Abandonment
Breastfeeding difficulties
Nipple trauma
Cracked nipple
Engorgement
Abscess breast
Gynecology
Obstetrics
Medical sciences
Child nutrition
Parenteral feeding of children
Children growth
Ginecología
Obstetricia
Ciencias médicas
Nutrición infantil
Alimentación parenteral de niños
Niños crecimiento
Lactancia materna exclusiva
Lactancia materna
Factores de riesgo
Abandono
Dificultades de la lactancia
Trauma de pezón
Dolor en pezón
Pezón agrietado
Congestión mamaria
Mastitis
Absceso de mama
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Ginecología
Obstetricia
Ciencias médicas
Nutrición infantil
Alimentación parenteral de niños
Niños crecimiento
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Lactancia materna exclusiva
Lactancia materna
Factores de riesgo
Abandono
Dificultades de la lactancia
Trauma de pezón
Dolor en pezón
Pezón agrietado
Congestión mamaria
Mastitis
Absceso de mama
description Introducción: La lactancia materna es el proceso fisiológico que posibilita el primer alimento natural del ser humano en su primera etapa de vida. Cubre todas las necesidades nutricionales que garantizan su crecimiento y desarrollo normal. Se han identificado los beneficios que brinda en cuanto al neurodesarrollo, a la disminución de enfermedades infecciosas, a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas en la adultez y en la salud materna. Sin embargo, merece una atención seria, creciente y significativa, pues a pesar del conocimiento sobre sus beneficios, en Colombia para el 2015 solo 36,2% de los lactantes menores de 6 meses tuvieron lactancia materna exclusiva (LME). Los motivos de la interrupción son complejos y variados: se involucran factores sociales, psicológicos y físicos. Por esto, surge el propósito de este estudio de identificar y entender cómo los problemas de mama y otros factores afectan la lactancia materna, en especial la LME. Para que los profesionales de la salud logren promoverla adecuadamente y jueguen un papel fundamental en la promoción, protección y apoyo de dicha práctica. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las patologías de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna dentro de los tres meses postparto en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Local del Norte. Materiales y Métodos: Se planteó este estudio analítico de cohorte prospectiva en el Hospital Local del Norte, para examinar la asociación entre las patologías de mama relacionadas con la lactancia y posibles factores que puedan estar influyendo en el abandono de la LME. Resultados: Se resalta el elevado abandono de la LME (38,4%) en los tres primeros meses de vida del lactante. Las patologías de mama se asociaron a la ablactación temprana, pero no de forma significativa. Con significancia estadística se destacan: la edad materna menor a 25 años, ser soltera, primigestante o secundigestante, la falta de educación respecto a los beneficios de la lactancia, las complicaciones de no lactar, la técnica de la lactancia, el antecedente de alimentación complementaria antes de 6 meses en anterior hijo, el no antecedente de lactancia, el uso del biberón al egreso hospitalario y el sentirse nerviosa o presentar llanto con el abandono de la LME. Conclusiones: No se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las patologías de mama y el abandono de la LME en los tres primeros meses de vida del lactante. Se presentó baja incidencia de las patologías de mama, lo que es cuestionable y susceptible de sesgo de recuerdo. La edad menor de 24 años y el uso de biberón predicen el abandono de la LME según el modelo multivariado.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-16T16:57:20Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-16T16:57:20Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-01
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis
dc.type.hasversion.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/22780
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/22780
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB
repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv McFadden A, Gavine A, Renfrew M, Wade A, Buchanan P, Taylor J, et al. Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;Art. No.: CD001141(2).
Victora C, Bahl R, Barros A, França G, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):475–90.
World Health Organization. . [cited 2019 Jun 26]. Breastfeeding. Available from: https://www. who.int/nutrition/topics/exclusive_breastfeeding/en/
PAHO, WHO. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/breastfeeding-and-complementary-feeding
Brown C, Dodds ,Linda, Legge A, Bryanton J, Semenic S. Factors influencing the reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding. Can J Public Health. 2014;105(3):79–85.
Buchko B, Pugh Linda, Bishop B, Cochran J, Smith L, Lerew D. Comfort measures in breastfeeding, primiparous Women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. 1994;23(1):46–52.
Haroon S, Das J, Salam R, Imdad A, Bhutta Z. Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2013;13(Suppl 3):S20. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/S3/S20
Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia. Encuesta nacional de la situación nutricional (ENSIN) 2015. In: ENSIN. 2015. p. 1–683.
Crepinsek M, Crowe L, Michener K, Smart N. Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012. 2012;Art. No.: CD007239(10).
Goicochea L. Abandono de la lactancia materna asociada a la mastitis en madres atendidas en el Hospital Distrital Santa Isabel. El Porvenir. Revista Cientifi-k . 2017 Sep 5;5(1):81–6.
Berens P. Breast pain: Engorgement, nipple pain, and mastitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;58(4):902–14.
Tang L, Lee A, Qiu L, Binns C. Mastitis in Chinese breastfeeding mothers: A prospective cohort study. Breastfeeding medicine. 2014;9(1):35–8.
Wilson E, Woodd S, Benova L. Incidence of and risk factors for lactational mastitis: A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Lactation. 2020 Nov 1;36(4):673–86.
Cullinane M, Amir LH, Donath SM, Garland SM, Tabrizi SN, Payne MS, et al. Determinants of mastitis in women in the CASTLE study: A cohort study. BMC Fam Pract [Internet]. 2015;16(1):1–8.
Dennis C, Schottle N, Hodnett E, McQueen K. An all-purpose nipple ointment versus Lanolin in treating painful damaged nipples in breastfeeding women: A randomized controlled trial. Breastfeeding Medicine [Internet]. 2012;7(6):473–9.
Amir LH. Managing common breastfeeding problems in the community. BMJ. 2014;348(g2954):1–9.
Vogel A, Hutchison B, Mitchell E. Mastitis in the first year postpartum. Birth. 1999;26(4):218–25.
Flores M, Filteau S. Effect of lactation counselling on subclinical mastitis among Bangladeshi women. Ann Trop Paediatr [Internet]. 2002;22(1):85–8. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/027249302125000210
De Oliveira L, Giugliani E, Do Espírito Santo L, França M, Weigert E, Kohler F, et al. Effect of intervention to improve breastfeeding technique on the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding and lactation-related problems. Journal of Human Lactation. 2006;22(3):315–21.
Righard L, Alade M. Sucking technique and its effect on success of breastfeeding. Birth. 1992;19(4):185–9.
Camargo F. Asociación entre la edad materna y el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en Bucaramanga [Internet]. [Bucaramanga]: Universidad Industrial de Santander; 2009 [cited 2018 Jun 2]. Available from: http://tangara.uis.edu.co/biblioweb/tesis/2009/129597.pdf
Acosta A, Durán S, Montero T. Factores relacionados con el abandono, permanencia e importancia de la lactancia materna, dada por las madres en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana [Internet]. [Bucaramanga]: Universidad de Santander; 2021 [cited 2023 Jun 12]. Available from: https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/6515
OMS. World Health Organization. 2008. Indicadores para evaluar las prácticas de alimentación del lactante y del niño pequeño Parte 1 Definiciones. Available from: https://apps.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9789241596664/es/inde x.html
Quigley M, Hockley C, Carson C, Kelly Y, Renfrew M, Sacker A. Breastfeeding is associated with improved child cognitive development: A population-based cohort study. Journal of Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;160(1):25–32. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.035
Gill S, Reifsnider E, Lucke J. Effects of support on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. West J Nurs Res. 2007;29 Numero(210):708–23.
Hansen K. Breastfeeding: A smart investment in people and in economies. Vol. 387, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2016. p. 416.
Chung M, Raman G, Chew P, Magula N, Trikalinos T, Lau J, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid Technol Asses (Full Rep). 2007;153(153):1–186.
Bibbins K, Grossman D, Curry S, Davidson K, Epling J, García F, et al. Primary care interventions to support breastfeeding. JAMA [Internet]. 2016;316(16):1688. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2016.14697
Sankar M, Sinha B, Chowdhury R, Bhandari N, Taneja S, Martines J, et al. Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 104, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 2015. p. 3–13.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding report card [Internet]. United States; 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 3]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm
Healthy People 2030 [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 6]. Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos. Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud. Gente Saludable 2030 . Política de personas sanas, nutrición y salud 2021. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/nutrition-and-healthy-eating .
UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. Breastfeeding [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 6]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/breastfeeding/
Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia. Encuesta nacional de la situación nutricional (ENSIN) 2010. In: ENSIN. 2011. p. 1–513.
Karp S, Howe-Heyman A, Dietrich M, Lutenbacher M. Breastfeeding initiation in the context of a home intervention to promote better birth outcomes. Breastfeeding Medicine [Internet]. 2013;8(4):381–7. Available from: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2012.0151
Campiño Valderrama SM, Duque PA. Lactancia materna: factores que propician su abandono. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales). 2019 Jul 24;19(2):331–41.
Ballard O, Morrow A. Human milk composition. Nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(1):49–74.
Estévez M, Martell D, Medina R, García E, Saavedra P. Factores relacionados con el abandono de la lactancia materna. An Esp Pediatr. 2002;56(2):144–50.
Eidelman A, Schanler R, Johnston M, Landers S, Noble L, Szucs K, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;129(3):e827–41. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2011-3552
Balogun O, O’Sullivan E, McFadden A, Ota E, Gavine A, Garner C, et al. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;Art. No.: CD001688(11):1–102.
World Health Organization. Baby- Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2009 [cited 2020 Jul 11]. 1–64 p. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43593/9789241594967_eng.pdf?sequence=1
Sinha B, Chowdhury R, Sankar M, Martines J, Taneja S, Mazumder S, et al. Interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Pediátrica. 2015 Dec 1;104(S467):114–35.
Santos K, Santana G, Vieira T, Santos C, Giugliani E, Vieira G. Prevalence and factors associated with cracked nipples in the first month postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0999-4
Livingstone VH, Willis CE, Berkowitz J. Staphylococcus aureus and sore nipples. Canadian Family Physician. 1996;42(APR.):654–9.
Feenstra M, Kirkeby M, Thygesen M, Danbjorg D, Kronborg H. Early breastfeeding problems: A mixed method study of mothers’ experiences. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. 2018 Jun 1;16:167–74.
Vieira G, Martins C, Vieira T, Oliveira N, Silva L. Factors predicting early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life. J Pediatr (Rio J) [Internet]. 2010;86(5):441–4. Available from: http://jped.com.br/conteudo/Ing_resumo.asp?varArtigo=2130&cod=&idSecao=1
Hauck Y, Fenwick J, Dhaliwal S, Butt J, Schmied V. The association between women’s perceptions of professional support and problems experienced on breastfeeding cessation: A Western Australian study. Journal of Human Lactation. 2011 Feb;27(1):49–57.
Hggkvist A, Brantster A, Grjibovski A, Helsing E, Meltzer H, Haugen M. Prevalence of breastfeeding in the Norwegian mother and child cohort study and health service-related correlates of cessation of full breastfeeding. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Dec;13(12):2076–86.
Coca K, Gamba M, Souza e Silva R, Abrão A. Factors associated with nipple trauma in the maternity unit. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(4):341–5.
Amir LH, Forster D, Lumley J, McLachlan H. A descriptive study of mastitis in Australian breastfeeding women: Incidence and determinants. BMC Public Health. 2007;7(62):1–10.
Mass S. Breast pain: engorgement, nipple pain and mastitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004;47(3):676–82.
Radke S. Common complications of breastfeeding and lactation: An overview for clinicians. Clin Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2022;65(3):524–37. Available from: www.clinicalobgyn.com
Wong B, Chan Y, Leow M, Lu Y, Chong Y, Koh S, et al. Application of cabbage leaves compared to gel packs for mothers with breast engorgement: Randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Nov 1;76:92–9.
Bonilla Ó. Mastitis puerperal. Medicina UPB. 2019;38(2):140–6.
Khanal V, Scott J, Lee A, Binns C. Incidence of mastitis in the neonatal period in a traditional breastfeeding society: Results of a cohort study. Breastfeeding Medicine [Internet]. 2015;10(10):481–7. Available from: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2015.0080
Kvist LJ. Re-examination of old truths: replication of a study to measure the incidence of lactational mastitis in breastfeeding women. Int Breastfeed J [Internet]. 2013;8(2). Available from: http://www.internationalbreastfeedingjournal.com/content/8/1/2
Scott J, Robertson M, Fitzpatrick J, Knight C, Mulholland S. Occurrence of lactational mastitis and medical management: A prospective cohort study in Glasgow. Int Breastfeed J. 2008;3(21):6–11.
Osterman K, Rahm V. Lactation mastitis: Bacterial cultivation of breast milk, symptoms, treatment, and outcome. Journal of Human Lactation. 2000;16(4):297–302.
Kvist L, Larsson B, Hall-Lord M, Steen A, Schalén C. The role of bacteria in lactational mastitis and some considerations of the use of antibiotic treatment. Int Breastfeed J. 2008;3(6):1–7.
Amir LH, Garland SM, Lumley J. A case-control study of mastitis: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Fam Pract. 2006;7:1–9.
Vayas R, Carrera L. Actualización en el manejo de mastitis infecciosas durante la lactancia materna. Revista Clínica Medicina Familiar. 2012;5(1):25–9.
Amir L. ABM Clinical protocol #4: Mastitis, revised march 2014. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2014;9(5):239–43.
Espínola B, Costa M, Díaz NM, Paricio J. Mastitis. Puesta al día. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114(6):576–84.
Sachs H. The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: An update on selected topics. American academy of pediatrics [Internet]. 2013;132(3):e796–809. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2013-1985
OMS. Mastitis: Causas y manejo. Ginebra, Organización Mundial de la Salud [Internet]. 2000;49. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/fch_cah_00_13/es/
Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J. Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. Bjog-an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004;111(12):1378–81.
Dener C, Inan A. Breast abscesses in lactating women. World J Surg [Internet]. 2003;27(2):130–3. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12616423
Organización mundial de la salud. Pruebas científicas de los diez pasos hacia una feliz lactancia natural. WHO. 1998;2–112.
Ceriani J, Noceda G, Barrera L, Martinez AM, Garsd A. Maternal and perinatal factors influencing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life. Journal of Human Lactation. 2003;19(2):136–44.
Brand E, Kothari C, Stark MA. Factors related to breastfeeding discontinuation between hospital discharge and 2 weeks postpartum. Journal of Perinatal Education. 2011;20(1):36–44.
Chalmers B, Med D, Levitt C. Breastfeeding rates and hospital breastfeeding practices in Canada: A national survey of women. Birth. 2009;36(2):122–32.
Johnston M, Esposito N. Barriers and facilitators for breastfeeding among working women in the United States. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2007;36(1):9–20.
Taveras EM, Capra AM, Braveman PA, Jensvold NG, Escobar GJ, Lieu TA, et al. Clinician Support and Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Discontinuation Elsie. Pediatrics. 2003;112(1).
Chin A, Myers L, Magnus J. Race, education, and breastfeeding initiation in Louisiana, 2000-2004. Journal of Human Lactation. 2008;24(2):175–85.
Thulier D, Mercer J. Variables associated with breastfeeding duration. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2009;38(3):259–68.
Kiernan K, Pickett KE. Marital status disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding and maternal depression. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(2):335–46.
Rosen IM, Krueger M V, Carney LM, Graham JA. Prenatal breastfeeding education and breastfeeding outcomes. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing. 2008;33(5):315–9.
Gatti L. Maternal perceptions of insufficient milk supply in breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2008;40(4):355–63.
Kirkland V, Fein S. Characterizing reasons for breastfeeding cessation through out the first year postpartum using the construct of thriving. Journal of Human Lactation. 2003;19(3):278–85.
Duffy EP, Percival P, Kershaw E. Positive effects of an antenatal group teaching session on postnatal nipple pain, nipple trauma and breastfeeding rates. Midwifery. 1997;13(4):189–96.
Lewallen L, Dick M, Flowers J, Powell W, Zickefoose K, Wall Y, et al. Breastfeeding support and early cessation. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing . 2006;35(2):166–72.
López B, Martínez L, Zapata N. Motivos del abandono temprano de la lactancia materna exclusiva : un problema de salud pública no resuelto en la ciudad de Medellín. Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública [Internet]. 2013;31(1):375–80.
Santacruz E, Segura A, Cobo A, Carmona J, Pozuelo D, Laredo J. Factors associated with the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding before three months. Children (Basel). 2020 Dec 1;7(12):298.
Dennis C, Jackson K, Watson J. Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women. Vol. Art. No.: CD007366., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2014.
Bourdillon K, McCausland T, Jones S. Latch-related nipple pain in breastfeeding women: the impact on breastfeeding outcomes. Br J Midwifery. 2020;28(7):406–14.
Wojcicki J, Gugig R, Tran C, Kathiravan S, Holbrook K, Heyman MB. Early exclusive breastfeeding and maternal attitudes towards infant feeding in a population of new mothers in San Francisco, California. Breastfeeding medicine . 2010;5(1):9–15.
Rondán Espíritu PY. Factores de riesgo asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en niños de 6 meses que acuden al servicio de crecimiento y desarrollo del Centro de Salud Conde de la Vega Baja. Lima - 2015 [Internet]. [Lima]: Universidad de San Martín de Porres; 2015. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12727/1619
León G. Causas de abandono de lactancia materna en un hospital de tercer nivel. Pediatría de México. 2010;12(1):29–32.
Chavéz A, Sánchez R, Ortíz H, Peña B, Arocha B. Causas de abandono de la lactancia materna. Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2002;45(2):53–5.
Axelsson D, Blomberg M. Prevalence of postpartum infections: A population-based observational study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93(10):1065–8.
Dubois L, Girard M. Social inequalities in infant feeding during the first year of life. The Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec (LSCDQ 1998–2002). Public Health Nutr. 2003;6(8):773–83.
Jacobo NM, Estefanía L, Rojas G, Yolanda D, Barretero R, Trujano A. Factores que influyen en el abandono de la lactancia materna en un programa de apoyo para la misma en el Hospital de la Mujer en Morelia , Michoacán , en el periodo de septiembre a noviembre del 2014. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(26):2618–21.
Bustamante M, Segura S. Factores asociados a las prácticas de la lactancia materna en una población de niños sanos nacidos en el Hospital Niño Jesús periodo 2017-2018 [Internet]. Universidad Simon Bolivar. [Barranquilla]: Universidad Simón Bolívar; 2019 [cited 2022 Jul 20]. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/3339
Wenzel D, Ocaña R, Maroto G, De Souza S. A multilevel model for the study of breastfeeding determinants in Brazil. Matern Child Nutr. 2010;6(4):318–27.
Londoño A, Mejía M. Factores relacionados con lactancia materna exclusiva e introducción temprana de leche entera en comunidades de estrato socioeconómico bajo. Calarcá-Colombia. Scielo Analytics. 2010 Dec;9(19):124–37.
Camargo F, Latorre J, Porras J. Factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Hacia la Promoción de la Salud. 2011;16(1):56–72.
Lihim J. Tendencias y factores asociados con la lactancia materna exclusiva en el Perú. ReNut. 2014;8(2):1461–70.
Tangen A, Bergman S, Dahlgren J, Roswall J, Alm B. Factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding before 1 month of age. Acta Pediátrica. 2012 Jan;101(1):55–60.
Rius J, Ortuño J, Rivas C, Maravall M, Calzado M, López A, et al. Factores asociados al abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en una región del este de España. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2014;80(1):6–15.
Machado M, Assis K, Oliveira F, Ribeiro A, Araújo R, Cury A, et al. Determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding abandonment: psychosocial factors. Rev Saude Publica. 2014;48(6):985–94.
Sinta P, Salimo H, Pamungkasari E. Multilevel analysis on the biosocial and economic determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Journal of Maternal and Child Health. 2017;2(4):356–70.
Dennis C, McQueen K. The relationship between infant-feeding outcomes and postpartum depression: A qualitative systematic review. Vol. 123, Pediatrics. 2009. p. e736–51.
Haga S, Ulleberg P, Slinning K, Kraft P, Steen T, Staff A. A longitudinal study of postpartum depressive symptoms: Multilevel growth curve analyses of emotion regulation strategies, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and social support. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2012 Jun;15(3):175–84.
Hasselmann M, Werneck G, Cardim da Silva C. Symptoms of postpartum depression and early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first two months of life. Cad Saúde Pública. 2008;Suppl 2:S341–52.
Silva C, Lima M, Sequeira-de-Andrade L, Oliveira J, Monteiro J, Lima N, et al. Associação entre a depressão pós-parto e a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo nos três primeiros meses de vida. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Jul 1;93(4):356–64.
Bai D, Tak D, Tarrant M. Previous breastfeeding experience and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding among multiparous mothers. Birth . 2015;42(1):70–7.
Fernandes R, Höfelmann D. Intention to breastfeed among pregnant women: Association with work, smoking, and previous breastfeeding experience. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva. 2020 Mar 1;25(3):1061–72.
Bartle N, Harvey K. Explaining infant feeding: The role of previous personal and vicarious experience on attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and breastfeeding outcomes. Br J Health Psychol. 2017 Nov 1;22(4):763–85.
Keim S, Boone K, Oza-Frank R, Geraghty S. Pumping milk without ever feeding at the breast in the Moms2Moms study. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2017 Sep 1;12(7):422–9.
Bai D, Fong D, Lok K, Wong J, Tarrant M. Practices, predictors and consequences of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants. Public Health Nutr. 2017 Feb 1;20(3):492–503.
Jiang B, Hua J, Wang Y, Fu Y, Zhuang Z, Zhu L. Evaluation of the impact of breast milk expression in early postpartum period on breastfeeding duration: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Oct 20;15(1).
Pang W, Bernard J, Thavamani G, Chan Y, Fok D, Soh S, et al. Direct vs. expressed breast milk feeding: Relation to duration of breastfeeding. Nutrients. 2017 Jun 1;9(6):547.
Loewenberg Y, Keim S, Keder L, Geraghty S, Gallo M. Early breast milk pumping intentions among postpartum women. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2017 Jan 1;12(1):28–32.
Holowko N, Jones M, Koupil I, Tooth L, Mishra G. High education and increased parity are associated with breast-feeding initiation and duration among Australian women. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Oct 1;19(14):2551–61.
Kitano N, Nomura K, Kido M, Murakami K, Ohkubo T, Ueno M, et al. Combined effects of maternal age and parity on successful initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. Prev Med Rep. 2016 Jun 1;3:121–6.
Arocha G, Caicedo B, Forero L. Determinantes económicos, sociales y de salud que inciden en la lactancia materna exclusiva en Colombia. Cad Saude Publica. 2022;38(9):e00186621.
Trovão T, Cavalcante M, Rodrigues M, Ferraro A, Bettiol H, Saraiva M, et al. Determinants of the introduction of early complementary feeding before and after the third month of life: A multinomial analysis. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2020;54(1):e10115.
Mateus J, Cabrera G. Factores asociados con la práctica de lactancia exclusiva en una cohorte de mujeres de Cali, Colombia. Colomb Med. 2019;50(1):22–9.
Vianna R, Rea M, Venancio S, Escuder M. A prática de amamentar entre mulheres que exercem trabalho remunerado na Paraíba, Brasil: um estudo transversal [Breastfeeding practices among paid working mothers in Paraíba State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study]. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(10):2403–9.
Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 3]. Ley 2306 del 31 de julio de 2023: Protegiendo la maternidad y la primera infancia en el espacio público. Available from: https://scp.com.co/ley-2306-del-31-de-julio-de-2023-protegiendo-la-maternidad-y-la-primera-infancia-en-el-espacio-publico/
Prior E, Santhakumaran S, Gale C, Philipps L, Modi N, Hyde M. Breastfeeding after cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of world literature. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012 May 1;95(5):1113–35.
Hobbs A, Mannion C, McDonald S, Brockway M, Tough S. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16(90).
Zhang F, Cheng J, Yan S, Wu H, Bai T. Early feeding behaviors and breastfeeding outcomes after cesarean section. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2019 Jun 1;14(5):325–33.
Senarath U, Dibley M, Agho K. Factors associated with nonexclusive breastfeeding in 5 east and Southeast Asian countries: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Human Lactation. 2010 Aug;26(3):248–57.
Escobar A, Ogawa A, Hiratsuka M, Kawashita M, Teruya P, Grisi S, et al. Aleitamento materno e condições socioeconômico-culturais: fatores que levam ao desmame precoce. Rev bras saúde matern.infant, Recife. 2002;2(3):253–61.
Alvarenga S, Silveira de Castro D, Leite F, Brandão M, Zandonade E, Primo C. Fatores que influenciam o desmame precoce. Aquichan. 2017;17(1):93–103.
dc.relation.uriapolo.spa.fl_str_mv https://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/ricardo-ortiz-serrano
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.creativecommons.*.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
Abierto (Texto Completo)
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.spatial.spa.fl_str_mv Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv Diciembre de 2019 y Junio de 2021
dc.coverage.campus.spa.fl_str_mv UNAB Campus Bucaramanga
dc.publisher.grantor.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Especialización en Ginecología y Obstetricia
institution Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/1/Tesis.pdf
https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/6/Licencia.pdf
https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/5/license.txt
https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/7/Tesis.pdf.jpg
https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/8/Licencia.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 0726617ea94ed248121e93aa5f104ad7
600846db96fa9d8676d7f1276b5bda3a
3755c0cfdb77e29f2b9125d7a45dd316
34228c696923daca31a4d1595026b1a4
734109694153f8d373ff10dbcf1da90a
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@unab.edu.co
_version_ 1814277945991102464
spelling Ortiz Serrano, Ricardobecb17e1-6a3c-4f02-a6ac-a8b1e44f4ad8Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay54631a53-af99-48cb-b907-3894879a1e49Sepúlveda Sierra, Angélica Maríac81ac1d6-d72c-447b-be1d-e275c1f1ebc4Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [0001363740]Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [es&oi=ao]Ortiz Serrano, Ricardo [0009-0004-4859-5952]Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [0000-0001-5881-1998]Grupo de Estudio Genético de Enfermedades ComplejasGrupo de Investigaciones ClínicasOrtiz Serrano, Ricardo [ricardo-ortiz-serrano]Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay [yeny-zulay-castellanos-domínguez]Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)Diciembre de 2019 y Junio de 2021UNAB Campus Bucaramanga2023-11-16T16:57:20Z2023-11-16T16:57:20Z2023-11-01http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/22780instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coIntroducción: La lactancia materna es el proceso fisiológico que posibilita el primer alimento natural del ser humano en su primera etapa de vida. Cubre todas las necesidades nutricionales que garantizan su crecimiento y desarrollo normal. Se han identificado los beneficios que brinda en cuanto al neurodesarrollo, a la disminución de enfermedades infecciosas, a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas en la adultez y en la salud materna. Sin embargo, merece una atención seria, creciente y significativa, pues a pesar del conocimiento sobre sus beneficios, en Colombia para el 2015 solo 36,2% de los lactantes menores de 6 meses tuvieron lactancia materna exclusiva (LME). Los motivos de la interrupción son complejos y variados: se involucran factores sociales, psicológicos y físicos. Por esto, surge el propósito de este estudio de identificar y entender cómo los problemas de mama y otros factores afectan la lactancia materna, en especial la LME. Para que los profesionales de la salud logren promoverla adecuadamente y jueguen un papel fundamental en la promoción, protección y apoyo de dicha práctica. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las patologías de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna dentro de los tres meses postparto en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Local del Norte. Materiales y Métodos: Se planteó este estudio analítico de cohorte prospectiva en el Hospital Local del Norte, para examinar la asociación entre las patologías de mama relacionadas con la lactancia y posibles factores que puedan estar influyendo en el abandono de la LME. Resultados: Se resalta el elevado abandono de la LME (38,4%) en los tres primeros meses de vida del lactante. Las patologías de mama se asociaron a la ablactación temprana, pero no de forma significativa. Con significancia estadística se destacan: la edad materna menor a 25 años, ser soltera, primigestante o secundigestante, la falta de educación respecto a los beneficios de la lactancia, las complicaciones de no lactar, la técnica de la lactancia, el antecedente de alimentación complementaria antes de 6 meses en anterior hijo, el no antecedente de lactancia, el uso del biberón al egreso hospitalario y el sentirse nerviosa o presentar llanto con el abandono de la LME. Conclusiones: No se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las patologías de mama y el abandono de la LME en los tres primeros meses de vida del lactante. Se presentó baja incidencia de las patologías de mama, lo que es cuestionable y susceptible de sesgo de recuerdo. La edad menor de 24 años y el uso de biberón predicen el abandono de la LME según el modelo multivariado.1. RESUMEN.................................................................................................................. 9 1.1. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 10 2. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................... 11 3. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ....................................................................... 13 4. JUSTIFICACIÓN .........................................................................................................17 5. MARCO TEÓRICO ................................................................................................... 20 5.1. Definición de lactancia materna ...................................................................... 20 5.2. Epidemiología ..................................................................................................... 23 5.3. Fisiología de la lactancia..................................................................................... 25 5.4. Factores asociados con la continuidad de la lactancia .................................26 5.5. Factores asociados con el abandono de la lactancia .................................... 27 5.6. Contraindicaciones de la lactancia materna .................................................. 27 5.7. Promoción de la lactancia materna ................................................................ 29 6. PATOLOGÍAS ASOCIADAS CON LA LACTANCIA MATERNA .............................. 30 6.1. Trauma de pezón ............................................................................................... 30 6.2. Dolor en el pezón .............................................................................................. 30 6.3. Congestión mamaria ........................................................................................ 32 6.4. Mastitis ............................................................................................................... 33 6.5. Absceso mamario ............................................................................................. 39 7. PREVENCIÓN DE LAS PATOLOGÍAS MAMARIAS ............................................... 40 8. ESTADO DEL ARTE ................................................................................................ 41 9. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................. 45 9.1. Objetivo principal .............................................................................................. 45 9.2. Objetivos específicos ........................................................................................ 45 10. METODOLOGÍA PROPUESTA ............................................................................ 46 10.1. Pregunta de investigación ............................................................................. 46 10.2. Tipo de estudio................................................................................................ 46 10.3. Población ......................................................................................................... 46 10.3.1. Muestra ........................................................................................................ 46 10.3.2. Tamaño de la muestra ............................................................................... 46 10.3.3. Tipo de muestreo ....................................................................................... 47 10.4. Criterios de selección .................................................................................... 47 6 10.4.1. Criterios de inclusión ................................................................................. 47 10.4.2. Criterios de exclusión ................................................................................ 47 10.5. Variables del estudio .................................................................................... 48 10.6. Procedimientos del estudio......................................................................... 48 10.6.1. Estrategia de contacto de la cohorte ...................................................... 50 10.7. Plan de análisis ............................................................................................. 51 10.7.1. Análisis univariado .................................................................................... 51 10.7.2. Análisis bivariado ...................................................................................... 51 10.7.3. Análisis multivariado ................................................................................ 52 10.7.4. Análisis de pérdidas ................................................................................. 52 11. CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS ........................................................................... 53 12. RESULTADOS ................................................................................................... 55 12.1. Construcción de la cohorte ....................................................................... 55 12.2. Descripción de la cohorte- Análisis Univariado ................................ ..... 55 12.3. Análisis bivariado ........................................................................................ 62 12.4. Análisis multivariado ................................................................................... 70 12.5. Análisis de las pérdidas del seguimiento .................................................. 73 13. DISCUSIÓN ........................................................................................................ 77 14. LIMITACIONES .................................................................................................. 85 15. CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................... 86 16. RECOMENDACIONES ....................................................................................... 87 17. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ..................................................................... 88 18. ANEXOS ......................................................................................................... ... 99 18.1. Anexo 1. Tabla de operacionalización de las variables. ......................... 99 18.2. Anexo 2. Consentimiento Informado ........................................................ 106 18.3. Anexo 3. Instrumento parte 1 .................................................................... 110 18.4. Anexo 4. Instrumento parte 2 .................................................................... 113EspecializaciónBackground: Breastfeeding is a physiological process, which provides the first natural nourishment during the early stages of life. It covers all the nutritional needs that assures the normal growth and development of the infant. Breastfeeding benefits have been identified in neurodevelopment, reduction of infectious diseases, prevention of chronic diseases in adulthood and maternal health. However, it deserves serious, growing and significant attention, because despite the identified benefits, in Colombia in 2015 only 36.2% of infants under 6 months had been breastfeeding exclusively. The reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding are complex and varied, as social, psychological, and physical factors play a role. Due to this, arises the purpose of this study, to identify and understand how the maternal problems and other factors affect exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), with the goal that health care professionals promote adequately and play a fundamental role in the promotion, protection, and support of exclusive breastfeeding. Objective: To evaluate the association between breast pathologies and the abandonment of breastfeeding within three months postpartum of patients attended at the Hospital Local del Norte. Methods: An analytical prospective cohort study was proposed at the Hospital Local del Norte, to examine the association between breast pathologies related to lactation and possible factors that may be influencing EBF abandonment. Results: The high abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding of 38.4% in the first three months of the infant's life is highlighted. Breast pathologies were associated with early weaning but were not statistically significant. The following were statistically significant when it came factors leading to the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding: maternal age under 25 years, being single, first or second pregnancy, lack of education regarding the benefits of breastfeeding, complications of not breastfeeding, education on how to properly breastfeed, history of complementary feeding before 6 months in a previous child, use of the bottle at hospital discharge, and feeling nervous or crying with the abandonment of EBF. Conclusions: There was not a statistically significant association between breast pathologies and EBF abandonment in the first three months of the infant's life. A low incidence of breast pathologies was present, which is questionable and susceptible to recall bias. The age under 24 years and use of the bottle predict EBF abandonment according to the multivariate model.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Asociación entre las patologías puerperales de mama y el abandono de la lactancia materna en el Hospital Local del NorteAssociation between puerperal breast pathologies and the abandonment of breastfeeding at the Hospital Local del NorteEspecialista en Ginecología y ObstetriciaUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludEspecialización en Ginecología y Obstetriciainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisTesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMExclusive breastfeedingBreastfeedingRisk factorsAbandonmentBreastfeeding difficultiesNipple traumaCracked nippleEngorgementAbscess breastGynecologyObstetricsMedical sciencesChild nutritionParenteral feeding of childrenChildren growthGinecologíaObstetriciaCiencias médicasNutrición infantilAlimentación parenteral de niñosNiños crecimientoLactancia materna exclusivaLactancia maternaFactores de riesgoAbandonoDificultades de la lactanciaTrauma de pezónDolor en pezónPezón agrietadoCongestión mamariaMastitisAbsceso de mamaMcFadden A, Gavine A, Renfrew M, Wade A, Buchanan P, Taylor J, et al. Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;Art. No.: CD001141(2).Victora C, Bahl R, Barros A, França G, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):475–90.World Health Organization. . [cited 2019 Jun 26]. Breastfeeding. Available from: https://www. who.int/nutrition/topics/exclusive_breastfeeding/en/PAHO, WHO. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/breastfeeding-and-complementary-feedingBrown C, Dodds ,Linda, Legge A, Bryanton J, Semenic S. Factors influencing the reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding. Can J Public Health. 2014;105(3):79–85.Buchko B, Pugh Linda, Bishop B, Cochran J, Smith L, Lerew D. Comfort measures in breastfeeding, primiparous Women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. 1994;23(1):46–52.Haroon S, Das J, Salam R, Imdad A, Bhutta Z. Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2013;13(Suppl 3):S20. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/S3/S20Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia. Encuesta nacional de la situación nutricional (ENSIN) 2015. In: ENSIN. 2015. p. 1–683.Crepinsek M, Crowe L, Michener K, Smart N. Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012. 2012;Art. No.: CD007239(10).Goicochea L. Abandono de la lactancia materna asociada a la mastitis en madres atendidas en el Hospital Distrital Santa Isabel. El Porvenir. Revista Cientifi-k . 2017 Sep 5;5(1):81–6.Berens P. Breast pain: Engorgement, nipple pain, and mastitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;58(4):902–14.Tang L, Lee A, Qiu L, Binns C. Mastitis in Chinese breastfeeding mothers: A prospective cohort study. Breastfeeding medicine. 2014;9(1):35–8.Wilson E, Woodd S, Benova L. Incidence of and risk factors for lactational mastitis: A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Lactation. 2020 Nov 1;36(4):673–86.Cullinane M, Amir LH, Donath SM, Garland SM, Tabrizi SN, Payne MS, et al. Determinants of mastitis in women in the CASTLE study: A cohort study. BMC Fam Pract [Internet]. 2015;16(1):1–8.Dennis C, Schottle N, Hodnett E, McQueen K. An all-purpose nipple ointment versus Lanolin in treating painful damaged nipples in breastfeeding women: A randomized controlled trial. Breastfeeding Medicine [Internet]. 2012;7(6):473–9.Amir LH. Managing common breastfeeding problems in the community. BMJ. 2014;348(g2954):1–9.Vogel A, Hutchison B, Mitchell E. Mastitis in the first year postpartum. Birth. 1999;26(4):218–25.Flores M, Filteau S. Effect of lactation counselling on subclinical mastitis among Bangladeshi women. Ann Trop Paediatr [Internet]. 2002;22(1):85–8. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/027249302125000210De Oliveira L, Giugliani E, Do Espírito Santo L, França M, Weigert E, Kohler F, et al. Effect of intervention to improve breastfeeding technique on the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding and lactation-related problems. Journal of Human Lactation. 2006;22(3):315–21.Righard L, Alade M. Sucking technique and its effect on success of breastfeeding. Birth. 1992;19(4):185–9.Camargo F. Asociación entre la edad materna y el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en Bucaramanga [Internet]. [Bucaramanga]: Universidad Industrial de Santander; 2009 [cited 2018 Jun 2]. Available from: http://tangara.uis.edu.co/biblioweb/tesis/2009/129597.pdfAcosta A, Durán S, Montero T. Factores relacionados con el abandono, permanencia e importancia de la lactancia materna, dada por las madres en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana [Internet]. [Bucaramanga]: Universidad de Santander; 2021 [cited 2023 Jun 12]. Available from: https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/6515OMS. World Health Organization. 2008. Indicadores para evaluar las prácticas de alimentación del lactante y del niño pequeño Parte 1 Definiciones. Available from: https://apps.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9789241596664/es/inde x.htmlQuigley M, Hockley C, Carson C, Kelly Y, Renfrew M, Sacker A. Breastfeeding is associated with improved child cognitive development: A population-based cohort study. Journal of Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;160(1):25–32. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.035Gill S, Reifsnider E, Lucke J. Effects of support on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. West J Nurs Res. 2007;29 Numero(210):708–23.Hansen K. Breastfeeding: A smart investment in people and in economies. Vol. 387, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2016. p. 416.Chung M, Raman G, Chew P, Magula N, Trikalinos T, Lau J, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid Technol Asses (Full Rep). 2007;153(153):1–186.Bibbins K, Grossman D, Curry S, Davidson K, Epling J, García F, et al. Primary care interventions to support breastfeeding. JAMA [Internet]. 2016;316(16):1688. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2016.14697Sankar M, Sinha B, Chowdhury R, Bhandari N, Taneja S, Martines J, et al. Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 104, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 2015. p. 3–13.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding report card [Internet]. United States; 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 3]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htmHealthy People 2030 [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 6]. Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos. Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud. Gente Saludable 2030 . Política de personas sanas, nutrición y salud 2021. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/nutrition-and-healthy-eating .UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. Breastfeeding [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 6]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/breastfeeding/Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia. Encuesta nacional de la situación nutricional (ENSIN) 2010. In: ENSIN. 2011. p. 1–513.Karp S, Howe-Heyman A, Dietrich M, Lutenbacher M. Breastfeeding initiation in the context of a home intervention to promote better birth outcomes. Breastfeeding Medicine [Internet]. 2013;8(4):381–7. Available from: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2012.0151Campiño Valderrama SM, Duque PA. Lactancia materna: factores que propician su abandono. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales). 2019 Jul 24;19(2):331–41.Ballard O, Morrow A. Human milk composition. Nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(1):49–74.Estévez M, Martell D, Medina R, García E, Saavedra P. Factores relacionados con el abandono de la lactancia materna. An Esp Pediatr. 2002;56(2):144–50.Eidelman A, Schanler R, Johnston M, Landers S, Noble L, Szucs K, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;129(3):e827–41. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2011-3552Balogun O, O’Sullivan E, McFadden A, Ota E, Gavine A, Garner C, et al. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;Art. No.: CD001688(11):1–102.World Health Organization. Baby- Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2009 [cited 2020 Jul 11]. 1–64 p. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43593/9789241594967_eng.pdf?sequence=1Sinha B, Chowdhury R, Sankar M, Martines J, Taneja S, Mazumder S, et al. Interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Pediátrica. 2015 Dec 1;104(S467):114–35.Santos K, Santana G, Vieira T, Santos C, Giugliani E, Vieira G. Prevalence and factors associated with cracked nipples in the first month postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0999-4Livingstone VH, Willis CE, Berkowitz J. Staphylococcus aureus and sore nipples. Canadian Family Physician. 1996;42(APR.):654–9.Feenstra M, Kirkeby M, Thygesen M, Danbjorg D, Kronborg H. Early breastfeeding problems: A mixed method study of mothers’ experiences. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. 2018 Jun 1;16:167–74.Vieira G, Martins C, Vieira T, Oliveira N, Silva L. Factors predicting early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life. J Pediatr (Rio J) [Internet]. 2010;86(5):441–4. Available from: http://jped.com.br/conteudo/Ing_resumo.asp?varArtigo=2130&cod=&idSecao=1Hauck Y, Fenwick J, Dhaliwal S, Butt J, Schmied V. The association between women’s perceptions of professional support and problems experienced on breastfeeding cessation: A Western Australian study. Journal of Human Lactation. 2011 Feb;27(1):49–57.Hggkvist A, Brantster A, Grjibovski A, Helsing E, Meltzer H, Haugen M. Prevalence of breastfeeding in the Norwegian mother and child cohort study and health service-related correlates of cessation of full breastfeeding. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Dec;13(12):2076–86.Coca K, Gamba M, Souza e Silva R, Abrão A. Factors associated with nipple trauma in the maternity unit. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(4):341–5.Amir LH, Forster D, Lumley J, McLachlan H. A descriptive study of mastitis in Australian breastfeeding women: Incidence and determinants. BMC Public Health. 2007;7(62):1–10.Mass S. Breast pain: engorgement, nipple pain and mastitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004;47(3):676–82.Radke S. Common complications of breastfeeding and lactation: An overview for clinicians. Clin Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2022;65(3):524–37. Available from: www.clinicalobgyn.comWong B, Chan Y, Leow M, Lu Y, Chong Y, Koh S, et al. Application of cabbage leaves compared to gel packs for mothers with breast engorgement: Randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Nov 1;76:92–9.Bonilla Ó. Mastitis puerperal. Medicina UPB. 2019;38(2):140–6.Khanal V, Scott J, Lee A, Binns C. Incidence of mastitis in the neonatal period in a traditional breastfeeding society: Results of a cohort study. Breastfeeding Medicine [Internet]. 2015;10(10):481–7. Available from: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2015.0080Kvist LJ. Re-examination of old truths: replication of a study to measure the incidence of lactational mastitis in breastfeeding women. Int Breastfeed J [Internet]. 2013;8(2). Available from: http://www.internationalbreastfeedingjournal.com/content/8/1/2Scott J, Robertson M, Fitzpatrick J, Knight C, Mulholland S. Occurrence of lactational mastitis and medical management: A prospective cohort study in Glasgow. Int Breastfeed J. 2008;3(21):6–11.Osterman K, Rahm V. Lactation mastitis: Bacterial cultivation of breast milk, symptoms, treatment, and outcome. Journal of Human Lactation. 2000;16(4):297–302.Kvist L, Larsson B, Hall-Lord M, Steen A, Schalén C. The role of bacteria in lactational mastitis and some considerations of the use of antibiotic treatment. Int Breastfeed J. 2008;3(6):1–7.Amir LH, Garland SM, Lumley J. A case-control study of mastitis: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Fam Pract. 2006;7:1–9.Vayas R, Carrera L. Actualización en el manejo de mastitis infecciosas durante la lactancia materna. Revista Clínica Medicina Familiar. 2012;5(1):25–9.Amir L. ABM Clinical protocol #4: Mastitis, revised march 2014. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2014;9(5):239–43.Espínola B, Costa M, Díaz NM, Paricio J. Mastitis. Puesta al día. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114(6):576–84.Sachs H. The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: An update on selected topics. American academy of pediatrics [Internet]. 2013;132(3):e796–809. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2013-1985OMS. Mastitis: Causas y manejo. Ginebra, Organización Mundial de la Salud [Internet]. 2000;49. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/fch_cah_00_13/es/Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J. Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. Bjog-an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004;111(12):1378–81.Dener C, Inan A. Breast abscesses in lactating women. World J Surg [Internet]. 2003;27(2):130–3. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12616423Organización mundial de la salud. Pruebas científicas de los diez pasos hacia una feliz lactancia natural. WHO. 1998;2–112.Ceriani J, Noceda G, Barrera L, Martinez AM, Garsd A. Maternal and perinatal factors influencing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life. Journal of Human Lactation. 2003;19(2):136–44.Brand E, Kothari C, Stark MA. Factors related to breastfeeding discontinuation between hospital discharge and 2 weeks postpartum. Journal of Perinatal Education. 2011;20(1):36–44.Chalmers B, Med D, Levitt C. Breastfeeding rates and hospital breastfeeding practices in Canada: A national survey of women. Birth. 2009;36(2):122–32.Johnston M, Esposito N. Barriers and facilitators for breastfeeding among working women in the United States. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2007;36(1):9–20.Taveras EM, Capra AM, Braveman PA, Jensvold NG, Escobar GJ, Lieu TA, et al. Clinician Support and Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Discontinuation Elsie. Pediatrics. 2003;112(1).Chin A, Myers L, Magnus J. Race, education, and breastfeeding initiation in Louisiana, 2000-2004. Journal of Human Lactation. 2008;24(2):175–85.Thulier D, Mercer J. Variables associated with breastfeeding duration. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2009;38(3):259–68.Kiernan K, Pickett KE. Marital status disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding and maternal depression. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(2):335–46.Rosen IM, Krueger M V, Carney LM, Graham JA. Prenatal breastfeeding education and breastfeeding outcomes. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing. 2008;33(5):315–9.Gatti L. Maternal perceptions of insufficient milk supply in breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2008;40(4):355–63.Kirkland V, Fein S. Characterizing reasons for breastfeeding cessation through out the first year postpartum using the construct of thriving. Journal of Human Lactation. 2003;19(3):278–85.Duffy EP, Percival P, Kershaw E. Positive effects of an antenatal group teaching session on postnatal nipple pain, nipple trauma and breastfeeding rates. Midwifery. 1997;13(4):189–96.Lewallen L, Dick M, Flowers J, Powell W, Zickefoose K, Wall Y, et al. Breastfeeding support and early cessation. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing . 2006;35(2):166–72.López B, Martínez L, Zapata N. Motivos del abandono temprano de la lactancia materna exclusiva : un problema de salud pública no resuelto en la ciudad de Medellín. Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública [Internet]. 2013;31(1):375–80.Santacruz E, Segura A, Cobo A, Carmona J, Pozuelo D, Laredo J. Factors associated with the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding before three months. Children (Basel). 2020 Dec 1;7(12):298.Dennis C, Jackson K, Watson J. Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women. Vol. Art. No.: CD007366., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2014.Bourdillon K, McCausland T, Jones S. Latch-related nipple pain in breastfeeding women: the impact on breastfeeding outcomes. Br J Midwifery. 2020;28(7):406–14.Wojcicki J, Gugig R, Tran C, Kathiravan S, Holbrook K, Heyman MB. Early exclusive breastfeeding and maternal attitudes towards infant feeding in a population of new mothers in San Francisco, California. Breastfeeding medicine . 2010;5(1):9–15.Rondán Espíritu PY. Factores de riesgo asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en niños de 6 meses que acuden al servicio de crecimiento y desarrollo del Centro de Salud Conde de la Vega Baja. Lima - 2015 [Internet]. [Lima]: Universidad de San Martín de Porres; 2015. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12727/1619León G. Causas de abandono de lactancia materna en un hospital de tercer nivel. Pediatría de México. 2010;12(1):29–32.Chavéz A, Sánchez R, Ortíz H, Peña B, Arocha B. Causas de abandono de la lactancia materna. Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2002;45(2):53–5.Axelsson D, Blomberg M. Prevalence of postpartum infections: A population-based observational study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93(10):1065–8.Dubois L, Girard M. Social inequalities in infant feeding during the first year of life. The Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec (LSCDQ 1998–2002). Public Health Nutr. 2003;6(8):773–83.Jacobo NM, Estefanía L, Rojas G, Yolanda D, Barretero R, Trujano A. Factores que influyen en el abandono de la lactancia materna en un programa de apoyo para la misma en el Hospital de la Mujer en Morelia , Michoacán , en el periodo de septiembre a noviembre del 2014. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(26):2618–21.Bustamante M, Segura S. Factores asociados a las prácticas de la lactancia materna en una población de niños sanos nacidos en el Hospital Niño Jesús periodo 2017-2018 [Internet]. Universidad Simon Bolivar. [Barranquilla]: Universidad Simón Bolívar; 2019 [cited 2022 Jul 20]. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/3339Wenzel D, Ocaña R, Maroto G, De Souza S. A multilevel model for the study of breastfeeding determinants in Brazil. Matern Child Nutr. 2010;6(4):318–27.Londoño A, Mejía M. Factores relacionados con lactancia materna exclusiva e introducción temprana de leche entera en comunidades de estrato socioeconómico bajo. Calarcá-Colombia. Scielo Analytics. 2010 Dec;9(19):124–37.Camargo F, Latorre J, Porras J. Factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Hacia la Promoción de la Salud. 2011;16(1):56–72.Lihim J. Tendencias y factores asociados con la lactancia materna exclusiva en el Perú. ReNut. 2014;8(2):1461–70.Tangen A, Bergman S, Dahlgren J, Roswall J, Alm B. Factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding before 1 month of age. Acta Pediátrica. 2012 Jan;101(1):55–60.Rius J, Ortuño J, Rivas C, Maravall M, Calzado M, López A, et al. Factores asociados al abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en una región del este de España. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2014;80(1):6–15.Machado M, Assis K, Oliveira F, Ribeiro A, Araújo R, Cury A, et al. Determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding abandonment: psychosocial factors. Rev Saude Publica. 2014;48(6):985–94.Sinta P, Salimo H, Pamungkasari E. Multilevel analysis on the biosocial and economic determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Journal of Maternal and Child Health. 2017;2(4):356–70.Dennis C, McQueen K. The relationship between infant-feeding outcomes and postpartum depression: A qualitative systematic review. Vol. 123, Pediatrics. 2009. p. e736–51.Haga S, Ulleberg P, Slinning K, Kraft P, Steen T, Staff A. A longitudinal study of postpartum depressive symptoms: Multilevel growth curve analyses of emotion regulation strategies, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and social support. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2012 Jun;15(3):175–84.Hasselmann M, Werneck G, Cardim da Silva C. Symptoms of postpartum depression and early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first two months of life. Cad Saúde Pública. 2008;Suppl 2:S341–52.Silva C, Lima M, Sequeira-de-Andrade L, Oliveira J, Monteiro J, Lima N, et al. Associação entre a depressão pós-parto e a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo nos três primeiros meses de vida. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Jul 1;93(4):356–64.Bai D, Tak D, Tarrant M. Previous breastfeeding experience and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding among multiparous mothers. Birth . 2015;42(1):70–7.Fernandes R, Höfelmann D. Intention to breastfeed among pregnant women: Association with work, smoking, and previous breastfeeding experience. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva. 2020 Mar 1;25(3):1061–72.Bartle N, Harvey K. Explaining infant feeding: The role of previous personal and vicarious experience on attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and breastfeeding outcomes. Br J Health Psychol. 2017 Nov 1;22(4):763–85.Keim S, Boone K, Oza-Frank R, Geraghty S. Pumping milk without ever feeding at the breast in the Moms2Moms study. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2017 Sep 1;12(7):422–9.Bai D, Fong D, Lok K, Wong J, Tarrant M. Practices, predictors and consequences of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants. Public Health Nutr. 2017 Feb 1;20(3):492–503.Jiang B, Hua J, Wang Y, Fu Y, Zhuang Z, Zhu L. Evaluation of the impact of breast milk expression in early postpartum period on breastfeeding duration: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Oct 20;15(1).Pang W, Bernard J, Thavamani G, Chan Y, Fok D, Soh S, et al. Direct vs. expressed breast milk feeding: Relation to duration of breastfeeding. Nutrients. 2017 Jun 1;9(6):547.Loewenberg Y, Keim S, Keder L, Geraghty S, Gallo M. Early breast milk pumping intentions among postpartum women. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2017 Jan 1;12(1):28–32.Holowko N, Jones M, Koupil I, Tooth L, Mishra G. High education and increased parity are associated with breast-feeding initiation and duration among Australian women. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Oct 1;19(14):2551–61.Kitano N, Nomura K, Kido M, Murakami K, Ohkubo T, Ueno M, et al. Combined effects of maternal age and parity on successful initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. Prev Med Rep. 2016 Jun 1;3:121–6.Arocha G, Caicedo B, Forero L. Determinantes económicos, sociales y de salud que inciden en la lactancia materna exclusiva en Colombia. Cad Saude Publica. 2022;38(9):e00186621.Trovão T, Cavalcante M, Rodrigues M, Ferraro A, Bettiol H, Saraiva M, et al. Determinants of the introduction of early complementary feeding before and after the third month of life: A multinomial analysis. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2020;54(1):e10115.Mateus J, Cabrera G. Factores asociados con la práctica de lactancia exclusiva en una cohorte de mujeres de Cali, Colombia. Colomb Med. 2019;50(1):22–9.Vianna R, Rea M, Venancio S, Escuder M. A prática de amamentar entre mulheres que exercem trabalho remunerado na Paraíba, Brasil: um estudo transversal [Breastfeeding practices among paid working mothers in Paraíba State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study]. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(10):2403–9.Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 3]. Ley 2306 del 31 de julio de 2023: Protegiendo la maternidad y la primera infancia en el espacio público. Available from: https://scp.com.co/ley-2306-del-31-de-julio-de-2023-protegiendo-la-maternidad-y-la-primera-infancia-en-el-espacio-publico/Prior E, Santhakumaran S, Gale C, Philipps L, Modi N, Hyde M. Breastfeeding after cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of world literature. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012 May 1;95(5):1113–35.Hobbs A, Mannion C, McDonald S, Brockway M, Tough S. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16(90).Zhang F, Cheng J, Yan S, Wu H, Bai T. Early feeding behaviors and breastfeeding outcomes after cesarean section. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2019 Jun 1;14(5):325–33.Senarath U, Dibley M, Agho K. Factors associated with nonexclusive breastfeeding in 5 east and Southeast Asian countries: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Human Lactation. 2010 Aug;26(3):248–57.Escobar A, Ogawa A, Hiratsuka M, Kawashita M, Teruya P, Grisi S, et al. Aleitamento materno e condições socioeconômico-culturais: fatores que levam ao desmame precoce. Rev bras saúde matern.infant, Recife. 2002;2(3):253–61.Alvarenga S, Silveira de Castro D, Leite F, Brandão M, Zandonade E, Primo C. Fatores que influenciam o desmame precoce. Aquichan. 2017;17(1):93–103.https://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/ricardo-ortiz-serranoORIGINALTesis.pdfTesis.pdfTesisapplication/pdf839243https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/1/Tesis.pdf0726617ea94ed248121e93aa5f104ad7MD51open accessLicencia.pdfLicencia.pdfLicenciaapplication/pdf287374https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/6/Licencia.pdf600846db96fa9d8676d7f1276b5bda3aMD56metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8829https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/5/license.txt3755c0cfdb77e29f2b9125d7a45dd316MD55open accessTHUMBNAILTesis.pdf.jpgTesis.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4672https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/7/Tesis.pdf.jpg34228c696923daca31a4d1595026b1a4MD57open accessLicencia.pdf.jpgLicencia.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg9676https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22780/8/Licencia.pdf.jpg734109694153f8d373ff10dbcf1da90aMD58metadata only access20.500.12749/22780oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/227802024-01-18 10:21:06.476open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.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

Publicaciones similares