Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana

La rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel que afecta casi exclusivamente la cara central (mejillas, mentón, nariz y frente central) y respeta la región perioral y periocular, caracterizada por exacerbaciones y remisiones. (1-3) Los datos epidemiológicos en la rosácea son escasos,...

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Autores:
Ramírez Blanco, Natalia Milena
Mosquera Sánchez, Hernando
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2015
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
Repositorio:
Repositorio UNAB
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/18274
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/18274
Palabra clave:
Dermatology
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory disease
Skin
Face (Diseases)
Epidemiology
Skin diseases
Cutaneous manifestations of general diseases
Dermatología
Ciencias médicas
Medicina
Cara (Enfermedades)
Epidemiología
Enfermedades de la piel
Manifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedades generales
Ciencias de la salud
Rosácea
Enfermedad inflamatoria crónica
Piel
Rights
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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network_acronym_str UNAB2
network_name_str Repositorio UNAB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Rosacea: associated factors and clinical presentation in a population of Santander
title Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
spellingShingle Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
Dermatology
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory disease
Skin
Face (Diseases)
Epidemiology
Skin diseases
Cutaneous manifestations of general diseases
Dermatología
Ciencias médicas
Medicina
Cara (Enfermedades)
Epidemiología
Enfermedades de la piel
Manifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedades generales
Ciencias de la salud
Rosácea
Enfermedad inflamatoria crónica
Piel
title_short Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
title_full Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
title_fullStr Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
title_full_unstemmed Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
title_sort Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereana
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ramírez Blanco, Natalia Milena
Mosquera Sánchez, Hernando
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ramírez Blanco, Natalia Milena
Mosquera Sánchez, Hernando
dc.contributor.other.spa.fl_str_mv Tello Hernández, Alejandro
Frederick Velásquez, Gabriel
Parra Castillo, María Margarita
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [0000323578]
Tello Hernández, Alejandro [0001009125]
Frederick Velásquez, Gabriel [001624849]
Parra Castillo, María Margarita [0001611191]
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [u8d7_QAAAAJ&hl=es]
Tello Hernández, Alejandro [puxZHKYAAAAJ]
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [0000-0002-6233-9582]
Tello Hernández, Alejandro [0000-0001-5081-0720]
Parra Castillo, María Margarita [0000-0002-2167-2207]
dc.contributor.scopus.spa.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [16047325700]
Tello Hernández, Alejandro [6603664598]
dc.contributor.researchgate.spa.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [Paul-Camacho-Lopez]
Tello Hernández, Alejandro [Alejandro_Tello2]
dc.contributor.apolounab.none.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [paul-anthony-camacho-lópez]
dc.contributor.linkedin.none.fl_str_mv Camacho López, Paul Anthony [paulcamachomdepi]
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Dermatology
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory disease
Skin
Face (Diseases)
Epidemiology
Skin diseases
Cutaneous manifestations of general diseases
topic Dermatology
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory disease
Skin
Face (Diseases)
Epidemiology
Skin diseases
Cutaneous manifestations of general diseases
Dermatología
Ciencias médicas
Medicina
Cara (Enfermedades)
Epidemiología
Enfermedades de la piel
Manifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedades generales
Ciencias de la salud
Rosácea
Enfermedad inflamatoria crónica
Piel
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Dermatología
Ciencias médicas
Medicina
Cara (Enfermedades)
Epidemiología
Enfermedades de la piel
Manifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedades generales
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la salud
Rosácea
Enfermedad inflamatoria crónica
Piel
description La rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel que afecta casi exclusivamente la cara central (mejillas, mentón, nariz y frente central) y respeta la región perioral y periocular, caracterizada por exacerbaciones y remisiones. (1-3) Los datos epidemiológicos en la rosácea son escasos, con reportes de prevalencia de hasta el 20% en la población general. Algunos estudios reportan una prevalencia menor del 1% a más del 20%,(3) estos estudios han sido realizado en países Europeos (Alemania, Irlanda, Suecia, Estonia, Grecia) y en Estados Unidos. (4) La rosácea usualmente se diagnostica luego de la tercera década.(4) Se ha observado con mayor frecuencia en personas de piel clara, aunque también ha sido descrita en Asiáticos y Africoamericanos y ocurre tanto en hombres como en mujeres, siendo más común en mujeres, pero la presencia de rinofima es mayor en hombres. (5) Como factores de riesgo se han mencionado: componente genético, la infestación por demodex folliculorum, el sexo, edad y fototipo de piel. Se han descrito factores agravantes ó precipitantes entre los que se encuentran la radiación UV, calor, frío, comidas picantes y alcohol entre otras.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2015
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-31T20:26:12Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-31T20:26:12Z
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis
dc.type.hasversion.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
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dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
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dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, Drake L, Feinstein A, Odom R, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2002 Apr [cited 2014 Sep 9];46(4):584-7. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190962202426977
Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2013 Dec [cited 2014 Jun 25];69(6 Suppl 1):S15-26. Available from: http://vwvw.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229632
Elewski BE, Draelos Z, Dréno B, Jansen T, Layton a, Picardo M. Rosacea - global diversity and optimized outeome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol [Internet], 2011 Feb [cited 2014 Jun 3];25(2): 188-200. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20586834
Epidemiologic aspeets of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(5):918- 9.
Faad HEB. Diagnosis and Treatment of Rosacea: State of the Art. 2012;11(6):725-30.
Elewski BE, Draelos Z, Dréno B, Jansen T, Layton A, Picardo M. Rosacea - Global diversity and optimized outeome: Proposed international consensus from the Rosacea international expert group. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2011;25:188-200.
Tan J, Berg M. Rosacea: current state of epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]. Elsevier Inc; 2013 Dec [cited 2014 Jun 25];69(6 Suppl 1):S27-35. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229634
G L. Prevalence of skin diseases in a population; a census study from the Faroe Islands. Dan Med Bull 1964;11:1-7. Dan Med Bull. 1964;11:1-7.
Schaefer I, Rustenbach SJ, Zimmer L, Augustin M. Prevalence of skin diseases in a cohort of 48,665 employees in Germany. Dermatology. 2008;217:169-72.
Augustin M, Herberger K, Hintzen S, Heigel H, Franzke N, Scháfer I. Prevalence of skin lesions and need for treatment in a cohort of 90 880 workers. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:865-73.
Berg M, Liden S. An epidemiological study of rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69:419-23.
Khaled A, Hammami H, Zeglaoui F, Tounsi J, Zermani R, Kamoun MR, et al. Rosacea: 244 Tunisian cases. Tunisie Medícale. 2010;88:597-601.
Lazaridou E, Fotiadou C, Ziakas NG, Giannopoulou C, Apalla Z, loannides D. Clinical and laboratory study of ocular rosacea ín northern Greece. J EurAcad Dermatology Venereol. 2011;25:1428-31.
Ghanem VC, Mehra N, Wong S, Mannis MJ. The prevalence of ocular signs ¡n acné rosacea: comparing patients from ophthalmology and dermatology clinics. Cornea. 2003;22:230-3.
Spoendlin J, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K. Br J Dermatol [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cíted 2014 Jun 25];167(3):598-605. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22564022
Casas C, Paúl C, Lahfa M, Livideanu B, Lejeune O, Alvarez-Georges S, et al. Quantification of Demodex follículorum by PCR in rosacea and its relationship to skin innate immune activation. Exp Dermatol [Internet], 2012 Dec [cíted 2014 Jun 25];21(12):906-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23171449
Jarmuda S, O’Reilly N, Zaba R, Jakubowicz O, Szkaradkiewicz A, Kavanagh K. Potential role of Demodex mites and bacteria in the induction of rosacea. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2012. p. 1504-10.
Holmes AD. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], Elsevier Inc; 2013 Dec [cíted 2014 Jun 2];69(6): 1025-32. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011460
Chauhan N, Ellis D a F. Rosacea: pathophysiology and management principies. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am [Internet], 2013 Feb [cíted 2014 Jun 25];21(1): 127-36. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369595
Forton F, Germaux M-A, Brasseur T, De Liever A, Laporte M, Mathys C, et al. Demodicosis and rosacea: epidemiology and significance in daily dermatologic practice. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2005 Jan [cíted 2014 Jun 25];52(1 ):74—87. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15627084
Forton F, Seys B. Density of Demodex follículorum in rosacea: a casecontrol study using standardized skin-surface biopsy. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128:650-9.
Margot Whitfeld, FACD, MBBSemail, Nishmi Gunasingam, MBBS, Liang Joo Leow, MBBS, Kyoko Shirato, MBBS, Verónica Preda MBs (Hons). Staphylococcus epidermidis: A possible role in the pustules of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(1):49-52.
Mark V Dahl, MD, Amy J Ross, BS, Patrick M Schlievert P. Temperature regulates bacterial protein production: possible role in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(2):266-72.
Abram K, Silm H, Maaroos H-l, Oona M. Risk factors associated with rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:565-71.
Jean L Bolognia. Jorizzo, Joseph. Schaffer J. Dermatology. 3rd Editio. Elsevier; 2012.
Yazici AC, Tamer L, Ikizoglu G, Raya TI, Api H, Yildirim H, et al. GSTM1 and GSTT1 nuil genotypes as possible heritable factors of rosacea. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2006;22:208-10.
Sopori M. Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol [Internet], 2002;2:372-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1038/nr¡803
Abraham N, Selby W, Lazarus R, Solomon M. Is smoking an indirect risk factor for the development of ulcerativa colitis? An age- and sex-matched case-control study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;18:139-46.
Spoendlin J, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167:598-605.
Edvinsson ML, Andersson SE, Xu CB, Edvinsson L. Cigarette smoking leads to reduced relaxant responses of the cutaneous microcirculation. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:699-704.
Milis CM MR. Environmental factors influencing rosacea. Clin Exp Derm. 1996;21:172-3.
Tan J, Blume-Peytavi U, Ortonne JP, Wilhelm K, Marticou L, Baltas E, et al. An observational cross-sectional survey of rosacea: Clinical associations and progression between subtypes. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:555-62.
Gomaa AHA, Yaar M, Eyada MMK, Bhawan J. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in non-phymatous rosacea. J Cutan Pathol. 2Ó07;34:748- 53.
Schwab VD, Sulk M, Seeliger S, Nowak P, Aubert J, Mess C, et al. Neurovascular and Neuroimmune Aspects in the Pathophysiology of Rosacea. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. 2011. p. 53-62.
Huggenberger R, Detmar M. The Cutaneous Vascular System in Chronic Skin Inflammation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. 2011. p. 24-32.
Jones D. Reactive oxygen species and rosacea. Cutis [Internet], 2004;74:17-20,32-4. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499754
Meyer M, Müller A-K, Yang J, Sulcová J, Werner S. The role of chronic inflammation in cutaneous fibrosis: fibroblast growth factor receptor deficiency in keratinocytes as an example. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc [Internet], 2011;15:48-52. Available from: http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076327
Pu LL, Smith PD, Payne WG, Kuhn MA, Wang X, Ko F, et al. Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta-2 and its receptor in rhinophyma: an alternative mechanism of pathobiology. Ann Plast Surg. 2000;45:515-9.
Crawford GH, Pelle MT, James WD. Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2004 Oct [cited 2014 May 31];51(3):327-41; quiz 342-4. Available from: http://www. nebí. ni m. nih. gov/pubmed/15337973
Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Tanghetti E, Eichenfield L, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 1: A Status Report on the Disease State, General Measures, and Adjunctive Skin Care. Cutis. 2013;Nov(92(5)):234-40.
Goldgar C, Keahey DJ, Houchins J. Treatment options for acné rosacea. American Family Physician. 2009.
Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Tanghetti E, Eichenfield L, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 2: A Status Report on Topical Agents. Cutis. 2013;Dec(92(6)):277-84.
Del Rosso JQ. Management of facial erythema of rosacea: What is the role of topical ??-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69.
Layton A, Thiboutot D. Emerging therapies in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], Elsevier Inc; 2013 Dec [cited 2014 Jun 5];69(6 Suppl 1):S57-65. Avaílable from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229638
Tanghetti E, Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Eichenfield LF, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 4: A Status Report on Physical Modalities and Devices. Cutis. 2014;Feb(93(2)):71-6.
Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Tanghetti E, Eichenfield LF, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 3: A Status Report on Systemic Therapies. Cutis. 2014;Jan(93(1)):18-28.
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spelling Camacho López, Paul Anthonye46d0c19-2faf-4964-80c2-bc6b94bb4127Ramírez Blanco, Natalia Milenac16b651f-09bb-44af-9b97-3b2b0cee147dMosquera Sánchez, Hernandob6c93538-d4d3-484f-be36-491130858fd3Tello Hernández, AlejandroFrederick Velásquez, GabrielParra Castillo, María MargaritaCamacho López, Paul Anthony [0000323578]Tello Hernández, Alejandro [0001009125]Frederick Velásquez, Gabriel [001624849]Parra Castillo, María Margarita [0001611191]Camacho López, Paul Anthony [u8d7_QAAAAJ&hl=es]Tello Hernández, Alejandro [puxZHKYAAAAJ]Camacho López, Paul Anthony [0000-0002-6233-9582]Tello Hernández, Alejandro [0000-0001-5081-0720]Parra Castillo, María Margarita [0000-0002-2167-2207]Camacho López, Paul Anthony [16047325700]Tello Hernández, Alejandro [6603664598]Camacho López, Paul Anthony [Paul-Camacho-Lopez]Tello Hernández, Alejandro [Alejandro_Tello2]Camacho López, Paul Anthony [paul-anthony-camacho-lópez]Camacho López, Paul Anthony [paulcamachomdepi]Santander (Colombia)2015UNAB Campus Bucaramanga2022-10-31T20:26:12Z2022-10-31T20:26:12Z2015http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/18274instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coLa rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel que afecta casi exclusivamente la cara central (mejillas, mentón, nariz y frente central) y respeta la región perioral y periocular, caracterizada por exacerbaciones y remisiones. (1-3) Los datos epidemiológicos en la rosácea son escasos, con reportes de prevalencia de hasta el 20% en la población general. Algunos estudios reportan una prevalencia menor del 1% a más del 20%,(3) estos estudios han sido realizado en países Europeos (Alemania, Irlanda, Suecia, Estonia, Grecia) y en Estados Unidos. (4) La rosácea usualmente se diagnostica luego de la tercera década.(4) Se ha observado con mayor frecuencia en personas de piel clara, aunque también ha sido descrita en Asiáticos y Africoamericanos y ocurre tanto en hombres como en mujeres, siendo más común en mujeres, pero la presencia de rinofima es mayor en hombres. (5) Como factores de riesgo se han mencionado: componente genético, la infestación por demodex folliculorum, el sexo, edad y fototipo de piel. Se han descrito factores agravantes ó precipitantes entre los que se encuentran la radiación UV, calor, frío, comidas picantes y alcohol entre otras.INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................ 3 1. Justificación............................................................................... 4 2. Marco teórico............................................................................... 5 3. Objetivos........................................................................................26 3.1 Objetivo General..................................................................... 26 3.2 Objetivos Específicos............................................................. 26 4. Metodología...................................................................................27 4.1 Tipo de estudio....................................................................... 27 4.2 Universo................................................................................... 27 4.3 Población.................................................................................27 4.4 Criterios de Inclusión............................................................. 27 4.5 Criterios de Exclusión............................................................ 27 4.6 Procedimientos....................................................................... 27 4.7 Variables.................................................................................. 28 4.7.1 Tabla de variables.....................................................28 4.8 Análisis....................................................................................36 5. Consideraciones Éticas............................................................. 37 6. Resultados....................................................................................38 7. Discusión..................................................................................... 40 8. Conclusiones................................................................................43 9. Bibliografía...................................................................................44 10. Anexos....................................................................................... 49 11. Tablas......................................................................................... 55EspecializaciónRRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that almost exclusively affects the central face (cheeks, chin, nose and central forehead) and spares the perioral and periocular region, characterized by exacerbations and remissions. (1-3) Epidemiological data on rosacea are scarce, with prevalence reports of up to 20% in the general population. Some studies report a prevalence of less than 1% to more than 20%,(3) these studies have been carried out in European countries (Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Estonia, Greece) and in the United States. (4) Rosacea is usually diagnosed after the third decade.(4) It has been observed more frequently in fair-skinned people, although it has also been described in Asians and African-Americans and occurs in both men and women, being more common in women, but the presence of rhinophyma is greater in men. (5) As risk factors have been mentioned: genetic component, the Demodex folliculorum infestation, sex, age and skin phototype. Aggravating or precipitating factors have been described, including UV radiation, heat, cold, spicy foods and alcohol, among others.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Rosácea: factores asociados y presentación clínica en una población santandereanaRosacea: associated factors and clinical presentation in a population of SantanderEspecialista en DermatologíaUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludEspecialización en Dermatologíainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisTesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMDermatologyMedical sciencesHealth sciencesRosaceaChronic inflammatory diseaseSkinFace (Diseases)EpidemiologySkin diseasesCutaneous manifestations of general diseasesDermatologíaCiencias médicasMedicinaCara (Enfermedades)EpidemiologíaEnfermedades de la pielManifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedades generalesCiencias de la saludRosáceaEnfermedad inflamatoria crónicaPielWilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, Drake L, Feinstein A, Odom R, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2002 Apr [cited 2014 Sep 9];46(4):584-7. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190962202426977Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2013 Dec [cited 2014 Jun 25];69(6 Suppl 1):S15-26. Available from: http://vwvw.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229632Elewski BE, Draelos Z, Dréno B, Jansen T, Layton a, Picardo M. Rosacea - global diversity and optimized outeome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol [Internet], 2011 Feb [cited 2014 Jun 3];25(2): 188-200. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20586834Epidemiologic aspeets of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(5):918- 9.Faad HEB. Diagnosis and Treatment of Rosacea: State of the Art. 2012;11(6):725-30.Elewski BE, Draelos Z, Dréno B, Jansen T, Layton A, Picardo M. Rosacea - Global diversity and optimized outeome: Proposed international consensus from the Rosacea international expert group. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2011;25:188-200.Tan J, Berg M. Rosacea: current state of epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]. Elsevier Inc; 2013 Dec [cited 2014 Jun 25];69(6 Suppl 1):S27-35. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229634G L. Prevalence of skin diseases in a population; a census study from the Faroe Islands. Dan Med Bull 1964;11:1-7. Dan Med Bull. 1964;11:1-7.Schaefer I, Rustenbach SJ, Zimmer L, Augustin M. Prevalence of skin diseases in a cohort of 48,665 employees in Germany. Dermatology. 2008;217:169-72.Augustin M, Herberger K, Hintzen S, Heigel H, Franzke N, Scháfer I. Prevalence of skin lesions and need for treatment in a cohort of 90 880 workers. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:865-73.Berg M, Liden S. An epidemiological study of rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69:419-23.Khaled A, Hammami H, Zeglaoui F, Tounsi J, Zermani R, Kamoun MR, et al. Rosacea: 244 Tunisian cases. Tunisie Medícale. 2010;88:597-601.Lazaridou E, Fotiadou C, Ziakas NG, Giannopoulou C, Apalla Z, loannides D. Clinical and laboratory study of ocular rosacea ín northern Greece. J EurAcad Dermatology Venereol. 2011;25:1428-31.Ghanem VC, Mehra N, Wong S, Mannis MJ. The prevalence of ocular signs ¡n acné rosacea: comparing patients from ophthalmology and dermatology clinics. Cornea. 2003;22:230-3.Spoendlin J, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K. Br J Dermatol [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cíted 2014 Jun 25];167(3):598-605. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22564022Casas C, Paúl C, Lahfa M, Livideanu B, Lejeune O, Alvarez-Georges S, et al. Quantification of Demodex follículorum by PCR in rosacea and its relationship to skin innate immune activation. Exp Dermatol [Internet], 2012 Dec [cíted 2014 Jun 25];21(12):906-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23171449Jarmuda S, O’Reilly N, Zaba R, Jakubowicz O, Szkaradkiewicz A, Kavanagh K. Potential role of Demodex mites and bacteria in the induction of rosacea. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2012. p. 1504-10.Holmes AD. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], Elsevier Inc; 2013 Dec [cíted 2014 Jun 2];69(6): 1025-32. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011460Chauhan N, Ellis D a F. Rosacea: pathophysiology and management principies. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am [Internet], 2013 Feb [cíted 2014 Jun 25];21(1): 127-36. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369595Forton F, Germaux M-A, Brasseur T, De Liever A, Laporte M, Mathys C, et al. Demodicosis and rosacea: epidemiology and significance in daily dermatologic practice. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2005 Jan [cíted 2014 Jun 25];52(1 ):74—87. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15627084Forton F, Seys B. Density of Demodex follículorum in rosacea: a casecontrol study using standardized skin-surface biopsy. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128:650-9.Margot Whitfeld, FACD, MBBSemail, Nishmi Gunasingam, MBBS, Liang Joo Leow, MBBS, Kyoko Shirato, MBBS, Verónica Preda MBs (Hons). Staphylococcus epidermidis: A possible role in the pustules of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(1):49-52.Mark V Dahl, MD, Amy J Ross, BS, Patrick M Schlievert P. Temperature regulates bacterial protein production: possible role in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(2):266-72.Abram K, Silm H, Maaroos H-l, Oona M. Risk factors associated with rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:565-71.Jean L Bolognia. Jorizzo, Joseph. Schaffer J. Dermatology. 3rd Editio. Elsevier; 2012.Yazici AC, Tamer L, Ikizoglu G, Raya TI, Api H, Yildirim H, et al. GSTM1 and GSTT1 nuil genotypes as possible heritable factors of rosacea. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2006;22:208-10.Sopori M. Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol [Internet], 2002;2:372-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1038/nr¡803Abraham N, Selby W, Lazarus R, Solomon M. Is smoking an indirect risk factor for the development of ulcerativa colitis? An age- and sex-matched case-control study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;18:139-46.Spoendlin J, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167:598-605.Edvinsson ML, Andersson SE, Xu CB, Edvinsson L. Cigarette smoking leads to reduced relaxant responses of the cutaneous microcirculation. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:699-704.Milis CM MR. Environmental factors influencing rosacea. Clin Exp Derm. 1996;21:172-3.Tan J, Blume-Peytavi U, Ortonne JP, Wilhelm K, Marticou L, Baltas E, et al. An observational cross-sectional survey of rosacea: Clinical associations and progression between subtypes. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:555-62.Gomaa AHA, Yaar M, Eyada MMK, Bhawan J. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in non-phymatous rosacea. J Cutan Pathol. 2Ó07;34:748- 53.Schwab VD, Sulk M, Seeliger S, Nowak P, Aubert J, Mess C, et al. Neurovascular and Neuroimmune Aspects in the Pathophysiology of Rosacea. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. 2011. p. 53-62.Huggenberger R, Detmar M. The Cutaneous Vascular System in Chronic Skin Inflammation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. 2011. p. 24-32.Jones D. Reactive oxygen species and rosacea. Cutis [Internet], 2004;74:17-20,32-4. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499754Meyer M, Müller A-K, Yang J, Sulcová J, Werner S. The role of chronic inflammation in cutaneous fibrosis: fibroblast growth factor receptor deficiency in keratinocytes as an example. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc [Internet], 2011;15:48-52. Available from: http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076327Pu LL, Smith PD, Payne WG, Kuhn MA, Wang X, Ko F, et al. Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta-2 and its receptor in rhinophyma: an alternative mechanism of pathobiology. Ann Plast Surg. 2000;45:515-9.Crawford GH, Pelle MT, James WD. Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], 2004 Oct [cited 2014 May 31];51(3):327-41; quiz 342-4. Available from: http://www. nebí. ni m. nih. gov/pubmed/15337973Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Tanghetti E, Eichenfield L, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 1: A Status Report on the Disease State, General Measures, and Adjunctive Skin Care. Cutis. 2013;Nov(92(5)):234-40.Goldgar C, Keahey DJ, Houchins J. Treatment options for acné rosacea. American Family Physician. 2009.Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Tanghetti E, Eichenfield L, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 2: A Status Report on Topical Agents. Cutis. 2013;Dec(92(6)):277-84.Del Rosso JQ. Management of facial erythema of rosacea: What is the role of topical ??-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69.Layton A, Thiboutot D. Emerging therapies in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet], Elsevier Inc; 2013 Dec [cited 2014 Jun 5];69(6 Suppl 1):S57-65. Avaílable from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229638Tanghetti E, Rosso JQ Del, Thiboutot D, Gallo R, Webster G, Eichenfield LF, et al. Consensus Recommendations From the American Acné & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 4: A Status Report on Physical Modalities and Devices. 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Cutis. 2014;Jan(93(1)):18-28.ORIGINAL2015_Tesis_Ramirez_Blanco_Natalia_Milena.pdf2015_Tesis_Ramirez_Blanco_Natalia_Milena.pdfTesisapplication/pdf29162901https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/18274/1/2015_Tesis_Ramirez_Blanco_Natalia_Milena.pdf55176065952dccf341ffb261da7b154cMD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8829https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/18274/2/license.txt3755c0cfdb77e29f2b9125d7a45dd316MD52open accessTHUMBNAIL2015_Tesis_Ramirez_Blanco_Natalia_Milena.pdf.jpg2015_Tesis_Ramirez_Blanco_Natalia_Milena.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6375https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/18274/3/2015_Tesis_Ramirez_Blanco_Natalia_Milena.pdf.jpg3b5ab15d0550067b089bfce5ff051099MD53open access20.500.12749/18274oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/182742024-01-17 17:22:18.882open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.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