Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional

El Diagnóstico temprano del la patología tumoral de colon se ha realizado de manera tradicional con colonoscopia directa, sin embargo existen varios métodos tradicionales que también contribuyen en este diagnostico como el test de sangre oculta en heces, el colon por enema simple o con doble contras...

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Autores:
Buitrago Aguilar, Carolina
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
Repositorio:
Repositorio UNAB
Idioma:
spa
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oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/11734
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/11734
Palabra clave:
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Radiology
Diagnostic imaging
Colorectal neoplasia
Virtual and conventional colonoscopy
Colon
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Ciencias médicas
Radiología
Diagnóstico para imágenes
Cáncer
Carcinogénesis
Ciencias de la salud
Neoplasia colorectal
Colonoscopia virtual y convencional
Colon
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openAccess
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
id UNAB2_60b425cde10a107ef7661362ac3254e5
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/11734
network_acronym_str UNAB2
network_name_str Repositorio UNAB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia: description of findings in virtual and conventional colonoscopy
title Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
spellingShingle Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Radiology
Diagnostic imaging
Colorectal neoplasia
Virtual and conventional colonoscopy
Colon
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Ciencias médicas
Radiología
Diagnóstico para imágenes
Cáncer
Carcinogénesis
Ciencias de la salud
Neoplasia colorectal
Colonoscopia virtual y convencional
Colon
title_short Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
title_full Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
title_fullStr Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
title_full_unstemmed Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
title_sort Diagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencional
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Buitrago Aguilar, Carolina
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Jaramillo Botero, Natalia
Rey Serrano, Juan José
Lubinus Badillo, Federico
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Buitrago Aguilar, Carolina
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv Jaramillo Botero, Natalia [0001361289]
Rey Serrano, Juan José [0000265306]
Lubinus Badillo, Federico [0001475552]
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv Rey Serrano, Juan José [es&oi=ao]
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Jaramillo Botero, Natalia [0000-0002-0126-1013]
Rey Serrano, Juan José [0000-0002-6946-2444 ]
Lubinus Badillo, Federico [0000-0003-1741-7016]
dc.contributor.scopus.spa.fl_str_mv Rey Serrano, Juan José [54793298100]
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv Medical sciences
Health sciences
Radiology
Diagnostic imaging
Colorectal neoplasia
Virtual and conventional colonoscopy
Colon
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
topic Medical sciences
Health sciences
Radiology
Diagnostic imaging
Colorectal neoplasia
Virtual and conventional colonoscopy
Colon
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Ciencias médicas
Radiología
Diagnóstico para imágenes
Cáncer
Carcinogénesis
Ciencias de la salud
Neoplasia colorectal
Colonoscopia virtual y convencional
Colon
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Ciencias médicas
Radiología
Diagnóstico para imágenes
Cáncer
Carcinogénesis
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la salud
Neoplasia colorectal
Colonoscopia virtual y convencional
Colon
description El Diagnóstico temprano del la patología tumoral de colon se ha realizado de manera tradicional con colonoscopia directa, sin embargo existen varios métodos tradicionales que también contribuyen en este diagnostico como el test de sangre oculta en heces, el colon por enema simple o con doble contraste (4,5). Con el desarrollo de las nuevas técnicas diagnosticas surge la colonoscopia virtual como un nuevo método realizado en un tomógrafo de múltiples cortes, a partir del cual se obtienen imágenes del colon en segunda y tercera dimensión para una evaluación de todos lo segmentos del colon, incluso aquellos que no pueden ser vistos en la colonoscopia convencional. Esta colonoscopia ha reportado en diferentes estudios sensibilidad mayor al 90 % para lesiones adenomatosas mayores a 10 mm de diámetro, sin embargo para lesiones que miden entre 6 y 9 mm de diámetro la sensibilidad y especificidad disminuyen (6). Es un nuevo método diagnostico mínimamente invasivo que representa poco riesgo para el paciente, tiene varias ventajas como el corto tiempo requerido para la realización del examen, no requiere sedación, permite valorar todos los segmentos del colon a pesar de áreas de estenosis distales, ayuda a localizar las lesiones con exactitud y permite estadificar los carcinomas, además permite valorar los demás órganos intrabdominales.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2011
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-18T21:41:19Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-18T21:41:19Z
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/11734
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/11734
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB
repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Boyle P, Landman J. ABC of Colorectal Cancer Epidemilogy. BMJ 2000 September; 321:805-808.
2. Angel L, Giraldo A, Pardo C. Mortalidad por canceres del aparato digestivo en Colombia entre 1980 y 1998. Rev. Fac Univ. Coloma 2004; 52: 19-37
3. Beltrán O. Esta cambiando la epidemiología del cáncer de colon en Colombia?. Rev Col de Gastroenterología. 2005 Mar; 20.
4. Comparison of CT colonography, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and faecal occult blood tests for the detection of advanced adenoma in an average risk population. Gut 2009; 58: 241-248.
5. Lieberman D. Screening for Colorectal Cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1179-87.
6. Fenlon H, Nunes D, et al. A Comparison of Virtual and Conventional Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colorectal Polyps. The New England Journal of Medicine. November 1999; 341:1496-1503
7. Macari M, Bini E. CT Colonography: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Goin? Radiology 2005 December; 237: 819-833
8. Gazelle S, McMahon P, et al. Screening for Colorectal Cancer. Radiology 2000 May; 215: 327-335
9. McFarland E, Levin B. et al. Revised Colorectal Screening Guidelines: Joint Effort of the American Cancer Society, U.S. Multisociety Task Force Colorectal Cancer, and American Collage of Radiology. Radiology 2008 September; 248:717-720.
10. Ries L, Melbert D, et al. SEER Cancer Statistic Review. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. 1975-2004.
11. Sung J, Lau J, et al. Asia Pacific consensus recommendations for colorectal cancer screening. Gut 2008; 57: 1166-1176.
12. Levin B, Lieberman D, et al. Screening and Surveillance for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Adenomatous Polyps. CA Cancer J Clin 2008; 58:130-160
13. Hixson L, Fenerty M. Et al. Two year incidence of colon adenomas developing after tandem colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterology 1994; 89:687-691
14. Rex D, Cutler C, et al. Colonoscopy miss rates of adenomas determined by back-to-back colonoscopies. Gastroenterology 1997; 112:24-28.
15. Yee J. 2001 Plenary Session: Friday Imaging Symposium. CT Screening for Colorectal Cancer. Radiographics 2002; 22:1525-1531.
16. Ferruci J. Colon Cancer Screening with Virtual Colonoscopy: Promise, Polyps, Politics. AJR 2001 March; 177: 975-988.
17. Barish M, Rocha T. Multislice CT Colonography: Current Status and Limitations. Radiologic Clinics of North America. 2005 November; 43: 1049-1062.
18. Macari M, Lavelle M, et al. Effect of Different Bowel Preparations on residual Fluid at CT Colonography. Radiology 2001 May; 218: 274-277.
19. Pickhardt P. Screening CT Colonography: How I Do It. AJR 2007 August; 189: 290-298.
20. Schima W, Mang T. CT Colonography in Cancer detection: methods and results. Cancer Imaging 2004; 4:33-41.
21. Fletcher J, Johnson C, et al. Optimization of CT Colonography Technique: Prospective Trial in 180 Patients
22. Sosna J, Morrin M, et al. Colorectal Neoplasms: Role of Intravenous Contrast-enhanced CT Colonography. Radiology 2003; 228:152-156.
23. Morrin M, Farrell R. Utility of Intravenously Administered Contrast Material at CT Colonography. Radiology 2000 December; 217: 765-771.
24. Geenen R, Hussain S, et al. CT and MR: Scanning Techniques, Postprocessing, and Emphasis on Polyp Detection. Radiographics 2003; 24:e18.
25. Silva A, Wellnitz C, et al. Three-dimensional Virtual Dissection at CT Colonography: Unraveling the Colon to Search for lesions. RadioGraphics 2006; 26:1669-1686.
26. Yoshida H, Nappi J, et al. Computer-aided Diagnosis Scheme for Detection of Polyps at CT Colonography. RadioGraphics 2002; 22: 963-979.
27. Torres C, Szomstein, et al. Virtual Colonoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Screening. Surgical Innovation March 2007; 14:27-34.
28. Hara A, Johnson C, et al. Colorectal Lesions: Evaluation with CT Colography. RadioGraphics 1997; 17:1157-1167.
29. Pickardt P. Differential Diagnosis of Polypoid Lesions Seen at CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy). RadioGraphics 2004; 24:1535-1559.
30. Silva A, Vens E, et al. Evaluation of Bening and Malignant Rectal Lesions with CT Colonography and Endoscopic Correlation. RadioGraphics 2006; 26: 1085-1099.
31. Macari M, Bini E, et al. Filling Defects at CT Colonography: Pseudo and Diminute Lesions (The Good), Polyps (The Bad), Flat Lesions, Masses, and Carcinomas (The Ugly). RadioGraphics 2003; 23:1073-1091.
Silva A, Hara A, et al. CT Colonography with Intravenous Contrast Material: Varied Appearances of Colorectal Carcinoma. RadioGraphics 2005; 25: 1321-1334.
33. Mang T, Maier A, et al. Pitfalls in Multi-detector Row CT Colonography: A Sistematic Approach, RadioGraphics 2007; 27:431-454.
34. Zalis M, Barish M, et al. CT Colonography Reporting and Data Sistem: A Consensus Proposal. Radiology 2005; 236: 3-9.
35. Yee J, Kumar N, et al. Extracolonic Abnormalities Discovered Incidentally at CT Colonography in a Male Population. Radiology 2005; 236:519-526.
36. Pickhardt P, Hanson M, et al. Unsuspected Extracolonic Findings at Screening CT Colonography: Clinical and Economic Impact. Radiology October 2008; 249: Number 1.
37. Buetow P, Buck J, et al. Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographic 1995; 15: 127-146.
38. Sosna J, Morrin M, et al. CT Colonography of Colorectal Polyps: A Metaanalysis. AJR 2003; 181: 1593-1598.
39. Halligan S, Altman D, et al. CT Colonography in the Detection of Colorectal Polyps and Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Proposed Minimum Data Set for Study Level Reporting.
40. Pickhardt P, Choi R, et al. Computed Tomographic Virtual Colonoscopy to Screen for Colorectal Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Adults. The New England Journal of Medicine. December 2003; 349:23.
41. Kim D, Pickhard P, et al. CT Colonography versus Colonoscopy for the Detection of Advanced Neoplasia. The New England Journal of Medicine. October 2007; 357:1403-1412.
42. Macari M, Bini E et al. Colorectal Neoplasms: Prospective Comparison of Thin-Section Low-Dose Multi-Detector Row CT Colonography and Conventional Colonoscopy for Detection. Radiology 2002; 224: 383-392
43. Iannaccone R, Laghi A, et al. Detection of Colorectal Lesions: Lower-Dose Multi-Detector Row Helical CT Colonography Compared with Conventional Colonoscopy. Radiology 2003; 229: 775-781.
44. Park S, Kwon H et al. False-Negative Results at Multi-Detector Row CT Colonography: Multivariate Analysis of Causes for Missed Lesions. Radiology 2005; 235:495-502.
45. Doshi T, Rusinak D et al. CT Colonography: False-Negative Interpretations. Radiology 2007; 244: 165-174.
46. Yee J, Akekar G et al. Colorectal Neoplasia: Performance Characteristics of Colonography for Detection in 300 Patients.
47. Levine J, Ahnen D. Adenomatous Polyps of the Colon The New England journal of medicine 2006; 365: 2551-7.
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dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Especialización en Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas
institution Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
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spelling Jaramillo Botero, Nataliaca99bd50-1219-4ecd-97c6-63ad9fff9e78Rey Serrano, Juan José6a85095a-de37-42cf-8d36-37aa3a972409Lubinus Badillo, Federicoc2461e6f-88b5-4239-8496-c5a1afefc13bBuitrago Aguilar, Carolinaa8854018-204f-40e7-9e32-2a6da08925b4Jaramillo Botero, Natalia [0001361289]Rey Serrano, Juan José [0000265306]Lubinus Badillo, Federico [0001475552]Rey Serrano, Juan José [es&oi=ao]Jaramillo Botero, Natalia [0000-0002-0126-1013]Rey Serrano, Juan José [0000-0002-6946-2444 ]Lubinus Badillo, Federico [0000-0003-1741-7016]Rey Serrano, Juan José [54793298100]2020-11-18T21:41:19Z2020-11-18T21:41:19Z2011http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/11734instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coEl Diagnóstico temprano del la patología tumoral de colon se ha realizado de manera tradicional con colonoscopia directa, sin embargo existen varios métodos tradicionales que también contribuyen en este diagnostico como el test de sangre oculta en heces, el colon por enema simple o con doble contraste (4,5). Con el desarrollo de las nuevas técnicas diagnosticas surge la colonoscopia virtual como un nuevo método realizado en un tomógrafo de múltiples cortes, a partir del cual se obtienen imágenes del colon en segunda y tercera dimensión para una evaluación de todos lo segmentos del colon, incluso aquellos que no pueden ser vistos en la colonoscopia convencional. Esta colonoscopia ha reportado en diferentes estudios sensibilidad mayor al 90 % para lesiones adenomatosas mayores a 10 mm de diámetro, sin embargo para lesiones que miden entre 6 y 9 mm de diámetro la sensibilidad y especificidad disminuyen (6). Es un nuevo método diagnostico mínimamente invasivo que representa poco riesgo para el paciente, tiene varias ventajas como el corto tiempo requerido para la realización del examen, no requiere sedación, permite valorar todos los segmentos del colon a pesar de áreas de estenosis distales, ayuda a localizar las lesiones con exactitud y permite estadificar los carcinomas, además permite valorar los demás órganos intrabdominales.. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 10 2. MARCO TEÓRICO 11 2.1 CÁNCER COLORECTAL 11 2.2 MÉTODOS DE SCREENING 12 2.2.1 Test de sangre oculta en heces 13 2.2.2 Rectosigmoidoscopia 13 2.2.3 Colonoscopia 13 2.2.4 Colon por enema 14 2.3 COLONOSCOPIA POR TAC 14 2.3.1 TÉCNICA 14 2.3.1.1 Preparación Intestinal 14 2.3.1.2 Técnica de Colonoscopia Virtual 15 2.3.1.3 Análisis de imágenes 16 2.3.2 INDICACIONES 17 2.3.3 VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS 18 2.3.4 HALLAZGOS DE COLONOSCOPIA VIRTUAL 18 2.3.4.1 Lesiones mucosas 18 2.3.4.1.1 Neoplásicas 18 2.3.4.1.2 No Neoplásicas 21 2.3.4.2 Lesiones Submucosas 22 2.3.4.3 Lesiones Anorectales Benignas 22 2.3.4.4 Carcinoma Colorectal 23 2.3.5 ERRORES 25 2.3.5.1 ERRORES TÉCNICOS 25 2.3.5.1.1 En la preparación del paciente 25 2.3.5.1.2 En la distensión 26 2.3.5.1.3 En la evaluación 27 2.3.5.2 ERRORES DE PERCEPCIÓN 27 2.3.5.3 ERRORES DE INTERPRETACIÓN 28 2.3.6 SISTEMA DE DATOS Y REPORTE DE COLONOSCOPIA 30 2. OBJETIVOS 32 3. METODOLOGÍA 33 4.1 TIPO DE ESTUDIO 33 4.2 POBLACIÓN 33 4.2.1 Criterios de Inclusión 33 4.2.2 Criterios de Exclusión 33 4.3 TÉCNICA DE RECOPILACIÓN DE DATOS 33 4.3.1 Colonoscopia virtual 33 4.3.2 Colonoscopia convencional 34 5. RESULTADOS 35 6. DISCUSIÓN 39 CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 44 BILIBIOGRAFIA 45 ANEXOS 49EspecializaciónThe early diagnosis of colon tumor pathology has been carried out in a traditional way with direct colonoscopy, however there are several traditional methods that also contribute to this diagnosis, such as the fecal occult blood test, the colon by simple or double contrast enema ( 4.5). With the development of new diagnostic techniques, virtual colonoscopy arises as a new method performed in a multiple-slice tomograph, from which second and third-dimensional images of the colon are obtained for an evaluation of all colon segments, even those that cannot be seen in conventional colonoscopy. This colonoscopy has reported in different studies a sensitivity greater than 90% for adenomatous lesions greater than 10 mm in diameter, however, for lesions measuring between 6 and 9 mm in diameter, the sensitivity and specificity decrease (6). It is a new minimally invasive diagnostic method that represents little risk for the patient, it has several advantages such as the short time required for the examination, it does not require sedation, it allows to assess all the segments of the colon despite areas of distal stenosis, it helps to locating the lesions with precision and allows staging the carcinomas, in addition to assessing the other intra-abdominal organs.application/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 ColombiaDiagnóstico de neoplasia colorectal: descripción de hallazgos en colonoscopia virtual y convencionalDiagnosis of colorectal neoplasia: description of findings in virtual and conventional colonoscopyEspecialistas en Radiología e Imágenes DiagnósticasUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludEspecialización en Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticasinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisTesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMMedical sciencesHealth sciencesRadiologyDiagnostic imagingColorectal neoplasiaVirtual and conventional colonoscopyColonCancerCarcinogenesisCiencias médicasRadiologíaDiagnóstico para imágenesCáncerCarcinogénesisCiencias de la saludNeoplasia colorectalColonoscopia virtual y convencionalColon1. Boyle P, Landman J. ABC of Colorectal Cancer Epidemilogy. BMJ 2000 September; 321:805-808.2. Angel L, Giraldo A, Pardo C. Mortalidad por canceres del aparato digestivo en Colombia entre 1980 y 1998. Rev. Fac Univ. Coloma 2004; 52: 19-373. Beltrán O. Esta cambiando la epidemiología del cáncer de colon en Colombia?. Rev Col de Gastroenterología. 2005 Mar; 20.4. Comparison of CT colonography, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and faecal occult blood tests for the detection of advanced adenoma in an average risk population. Gut 2009; 58: 241-248.5. Lieberman D. Screening for Colorectal Cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1179-87.6. Fenlon H, Nunes D, et al. A Comparison of Virtual and Conventional Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colorectal Polyps. The New England Journal of Medicine. November 1999; 341:1496-15037. Macari M, Bini E. CT Colonography: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Goin? Radiology 2005 December; 237: 819-8338. Gazelle S, McMahon P, et al. Screening for Colorectal Cancer. Radiology 2000 May; 215: 327-3359. McFarland E, Levin B. et al. Revised Colorectal Screening Guidelines: Joint Effort of the American Cancer Society, U.S. Multisociety Task Force Colorectal Cancer, and American Collage of Radiology. Radiology 2008 September; 248:717-720.10. Ries L, Melbert D, et al. SEER Cancer Statistic Review. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. 1975-2004.11. Sung J, Lau J, et al. Asia Pacific consensus recommendations for colorectal cancer screening. Gut 2008; 57: 1166-1176.12. Levin B, Lieberman D, et al. Screening and Surveillance for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Adenomatous Polyps. CA Cancer J Clin 2008; 58:130-16013. Hixson L, Fenerty M. Et al. Two year incidence of colon adenomas developing after tandem colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterology 1994; 89:687-69114. Rex D, Cutler C, et al. Colonoscopy miss rates of adenomas determined by back-to-back colonoscopies. Gastroenterology 1997; 112:24-28.15. Yee J. 2001 Plenary Session: Friday Imaging Symposium. CT Screening for Colorectal Cancer. Radiographics 2002; 22:1525-1531.16. Ferruci J. Colon Cancer Screening with Virtual Colonoscopy: Promise, Polyps, Politics. AJR 2001 March; 177: 975-988.17. Barish M, Rocha T. Multislice CT Colonography: Current Status and Limitations. Radiologic Clinics of North America. 2005 November; 43: 1049-1062.18. Macari M, Lavelle M, et al. Effect of Different Bowel Preparations on residual Fluid at CT Colonography. Radiology 2001 May; 218: 274-277.19. Pickhardt P. Screening CT Colonography: How I Do It. AJR 2007 August; 189: 290-298.20. Schima W, Mang T. CT Colonography in Cancer detection: methods and results. Cancer Imaging 2004; 4:33-41.21. Fletcher J, Johnson C, et al. Optimization of CT Colonography Technique: Prospective Trial in 180 Patients22. Sosna J, Morrin M, et al. Colorectal Neoplasms: Role of Intravenous Contrast-enhanced CT Colonography. Radiology 2003; 228:152-156.23. Morrin M, Farrell R. Utility of Intravenously Administered Contrast Material at CT Colonography. Radiology 2000 December; 217: 765-771.24. Geenen R, Hussain S, et al. CT and MR: Scanning Techniques, Postprocessing, and Emphasis on Polyp Detection. Radiographics 2003; 24:e18.25. Silva A, Wellnitz C, et al. Three-dimensional Virtual Dissection at CT Colonography: Unraveling the Colon to Search for lesions. RadioGraphics 2006; 26:1669-1686.26. Yoshida H, Nappi J, et al. Computer-aided Diagnosis Scheme for Detection of Polyps at CT Colonography. RadioGraphics 2002; 22: 963-979.27. Torres C, Szomstein, et al. Virtual Colonoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Screening. Surgical Innovation March 2007; 14:27-34.28. Hara A, Johnson C, et al. Colorectal Lesions: Evaluation with CT Colography. RadioGraphics 1997; 17:1157-1167.29. Pickardt P. Differential Diagnosis of Polypoid Lesions Seen at CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy). RadioGraphics 2004; 24:1535-1559.30. Silva A, Vens E, et al. Evaluation of Bening and Malignant Rectal Lesions with CT Colonography and Endoscopic Correlation. RadioGraphics 2006; 26: 1085-1099.31. Macari M, Bini E, et al. Filling Defects at CT Colonography: Pseudo and Diminute Lesions (The Good), Polyps (The Bad), Flat Lesions, Masses, and Carcinomas (The Ugly). RadioGraphics 2003; 23:1073-1091.Silva A, Hara A, et al. CT Colonography with Intravenous Contrast Material: Varied Appearances of Colorectal Carcinoma. RadioGraphics 2005; 25: 1321-1334.33. Mang T, Maier A, et al. Pitfalls in Multi-detector Row CT Colonography: A Sistematic Approach, RadioGraphics 2007; 27:431-454.34. Zalis M, Barish M, et al. CT Colonography Reporting and Data Sistem: A Consensus Proposal. Radiology 2005; 236: 3-9.35. Yee J, Kumar N, et al. Extracolonic Abnormalities Discovered Incidentally at CT Colonography in a Male Population. Radiology 2005; 236:519-526.36. Pickhardt P, Hanson M, et al. 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Adenomatous Polyps of the Colon The New England journal of medicine 2006; 365: 2551-7.ORIGINAL2011_Tesis_Carolina_Buitrago_Aguilar.pdf2011_Tesis_Carolina_Buitrago_Aguilar.pdfTesisapplication/pdf1444550https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/11734/1/2011_Tesis_Carolina_Buitrago_Aguilar.pdfb2b2a78f5031a41ae12edbfb77d960b3MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/11734/2/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52open accessTHUMBNAIL2011_Tesis_Carolina_Buitrago_Aguilar.pdf.jpg2011_Tesis_Carolina_Buitrago_Aguilar.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5855https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/11734/3/2011_Tesis_Carolina_Buitrago_Aguilar.pdf.jpgbfa2c36031978bb18cf8f7507f61fd7fMD53open access20.500.12749/11734oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/117342022-11-18 21:24:52.289open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.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