Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial. Se realizó un tipo de estudio de cohorte de base de datos secundaria anonimizada a través de un análisis estadístico bivariado con...
- Autores:
-
Padilla Rincón, Gabriel Fernando
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UNAB
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/27649
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27649
- Palabra clave:
- Anesthesiology
Medical sciences
Health sciences
Medicine
Perioperative management
Factors associated
Facial feminization surgery
Bleeding
Operations, surgical
Operative surgery
Hemorrhage
Gender transition
Anestesiología
Ciencias médicas
Medicina
Operaciones quirúrgicas
Cirugía operatoria
Hemorragia
Transición de género
Ciencias de la salud
Feminización facial
Manejo perioperatorio
Sangrado
Factores asociados
- Rights
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Factors associated with decreased post-surgical hemoglobin levels in patients undergoing facial feminization |
title |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
spellingShingle |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial Anesthesiology Medical sciences Health sciences Medicine Perioperative management Factors associated Facial feminization surgery Bleeding Operations, surgical Operative surgery Hemorrhage Gender transition Anestesiología Ciencias médicas Medicina Operaciones quirúrgicas Cirugía operatoria Hemorragia Transición de género Ciencias de la salud Feminización facial Manejo perioperatorio Sangrado Factores asociados |
title_short |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
title_full |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
title_fullStr |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
title_full_unstemmed |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
title_sort |
Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Padilla Rincón, Gabriel Fernando |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Leotau Rodríguez, Mario Andrés |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Padilla Rincón, Gabriel Fernando |
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Leotau Rodríguez, Mario Andrés [0000-0003-4374-2840] |
dc.contributor.apolounab.spa.fl_str_mv |
Leotau Rodríguez, Mario Andrés [mario-andrés-leotau-rodríguez] |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Anesthesiology Medical sciences Health sciences Medicine Perioperative management Factors associated Facial feminization surgery Bleeding Operations, surgical Operative surgery Hemorrhage Gender transition |
topic |
Anesthesiology Medical sciences Health sciences Medicine Perioperative management Factors associated Facial feminization surgery Bleeding Operations, surgical Operative surgery Hemorrhage Gender transition Anestesiología Ciencias médicas Medicina Operaciones quirúrgicas Cirugía operatoria Hemorragia Transición de género Ciencias de la salud Feminización facial Manejo perioperatorio Sangrado Factores asociados |
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Anestesiología Ciencias médicas Medicina Operaciones quirúrgicas Cirugía operatoria Hemorragia Transición de género |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias de la salud Feminización facial Manejo perioperatorio Sangrado Factores asociados |
description |
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial. Se realizó un tipo de estudio de cohorte de base de datos secundaria anonimizada a través de un análisis estadístico bivariado con una muestra total de 198 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de feminización facial durante el periodo 2022 – 2024 en una clínica de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia). Los resultados muestran una asociación significativa con el descenso de hemoglobina y el tipo de abordaje quirúrgico, así como una tendencia sin significancia estadística que relaciona los antecedentes quirúrgicos y farmacológicos. De esta manera, se concluye que existe la necesidad de un enfoque integral en la evaluación preoperatoria, el manejo intraoperatorio y el seguimiento postoperatorio que otorga complejidad a la atención de estas pacientes. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario guiar estrategias futuras de optimización, investigación y personalización del cuidado anestésico en esta población. |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-12-04T14:56:39Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-12-04T14:56:39Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-12-03 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis |
dc.type.hasversion.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27649 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27649 |
identifier_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
AmericAn PsychiAtric AssociAtion [Internet]. Available from: www.appi.org Mes del orgullo 2023: 9% de los adultos se identifican como LGBT+ | Ipsos [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 11]. Available from: https://www.ipsos.com/es-mx/pride-month-2023-9-of-adults-identify-as-lgbt DANE - Preguntas y respuestas frecuentes [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 11]. Available from: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/servicios-al-ciudadano/tramites/transparencia-y-acceso-a-la-informacion-publica/informacion-de-interes/preguntas-y-respuestas-frecuentes Morrison SD, Satterwhite T. Lower Jaw Recontouring in Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am [Internet]. 2019 May 1 [cited 2024 Jan 12];27(2):233–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30940389/ Riesgos de la cirugía de feminización facial [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 12]. Available from: https://facifem.com/es/tu-cirugia-ffs/riesgos-de-la-cirugia-de-feminizacion-facial/ Telang PS. Facial Feminization Surgery: A Review of 220 Consecutive Patients. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2020 Aug 29;53(02):244–53. Safa B, Lin WC, Salim AM, Deschamps-Braly JC, Poh MM. Current Concepts in Feminizing Gender Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 May;143(5):1081e–91e. Bui P. [Facial feminization, history, evolution of objectives]. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2023 Nov;68(5–6):e1–4. Asokan A, Sudheendran MK, Mohandas M, George PS, Nair RM. Facial Feminization Surgery: Preoperative Planning and Surgical Technique for a Harmonious Outcome. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2023 Aug 23;56(04):298–309. Barnett SL, Choe J, Aiello C, Bradley JP. Facial Feminization Surgery: Anatomical Differences, Preoperative Planning, Techniques, and Ethical Considerations. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Nov 24;59(12). Alper DP, Almeida MN, Hu KG, De Baun HM, Hosseini H, Williams MCG, et al. Quantifying Facial Feminization Surgery’s Impact: Focus on Patient Facial Satisfaction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Nov;11(11):e5366. Fisher M, Lu SM, Chen K, Zhang B, Di Maggio M, Bradley JP. Facial Feminization Surgery Changes Perception of Patient Gender. Aesthet Surg J. 2020 Jun 15;40(7):703–9. Galbraith LG, Schnall M, Aultman JM. Facial Feminization Considerations for the Transgender Patient. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Apr;11(4):e4933. Donaldson L, Okifo F, Garcia-Rodriguez L. Preparing for Facial Feminization Surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2023 Aug;31(3):349–54. Pittman TA, Economides JM. Preparing for Facial Feminization Surgery: Timing. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019 May;27(2):191–7. La Padula S, Hersant B, Chatel H, Aguilar P, Bosc R, Roccaro G, et al. One-step facial feminization surgery: The importance of a custom-made preoperative planning and patient satisfaction assessment. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2019 Oct;72(10):1694–9. Mahmoud R, Arbel S, Shuster A, Ianculovici C, Peleg O, Kleinman S. Intraoperative blood loss and the need for preoperative blood preparations in transgender women undergoing facial feminization surgeries: implications for surgeons. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Jan;52(1):72–8. Bedar M, Dejam D, Caprini RM, Huang KX, Cronin BJ, Khetpal S, et al. An enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for facial feminization surgery reduces perioperative opioid usage, pain, and hospital stay. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2023 Oct;85:393–400. Mukerji S, Uppalapati A, Lee R, Price R, Debryn D, Nozari A, et al. High Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Transgender Women Undergoing Facial Feminization Procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Nov;11(11):e5360. Rodman R. Developments in facial feminization surgery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Aug 1;30(4):249–53. Sforza M, Andjelkov K, Zaccheddu R, Jovanovic M, Colic M. The “Brazilian” Bikini-Shaped Lip-Reduction Technique: New Developments in Cheiloplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2012 Aug 26;36(4):827–31. Spiegel JH. Facial Feminization for the Transgender Patient. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2019 Jul;30(5):1399–402. Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, Hall TS, Abdelhamid M, Barbato E, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: Developed by the task force for cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2022 Oct 14 [cited 2024 Jan 12];43(39):3826–924. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac270 Cantidad de procedimientos quirúrgicos (por cada 100 000 habitantes) - Colombia | Data [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 12]. Available from: https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SH.SGR.PROC.P5?locations=CO Raffaini M, Perello R, Tremolada C, Agostini T. Evolution of Full Facial Feminization Surgery: Creating the Gendered Face With an All-in-one Procedure. J Craniofac Surg [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 12];30(5):1419–24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31299735/ La Padula S, Hersant B, Chatel H, Aguilar P, Bosc R, Roccaro G, et al. One-step facial feminization surgery: The importance of a custom-made preoperative planning and patient satisfaction assessment. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg [Internet]. 2019 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Jan 12];72(10):1694–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31375432/ Chou DW, Bruss D, Tejani N, Brandstetter K, Kleinberger A, Shih C. Quality of Life Outcomes After Facial Feminization Surgery. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med [Internet]. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Jan 12];24(S2):S44–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35128937/ Hazkour N, Palacios J, Lu W, Goote P, Rivera R, Bastidas N. Multiprocedural Facial Feminization Surgery: A Review of Complications in a Cohort of 31 Patients. J Craniofac Surg [Internet]. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Jan 12];33(8):2502–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36102911/ De C, Facial F. EFECTIVIDAD DE LA EVALUACIÓN PREOPERATORIA VIRTUAL CON VIDEOCONFERENCIA EN DIRECTORA Y TUTORA: MARÍA ROSA IGLESIAS PARRA DIRECTORA: NURIA GARCÍA-AGUA SOLER. 2023. Mahmoud R, Arbel S, Shuster A, Ianculovici C, Peleg O, Kleinman S. Intraoperative blood loss and the need for preoperative blood preparations in transgender women undergoing facial feminization surgeries: implications for surgeons. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Jan 1;52(1):72–8. Carvajal Roa JJ, Victoria Cuéllar DF, Sakamoto AA, Cruz Suárez GA, Billefals Vallejo ES, Moreno M, et al. Experience in the perioperative management of patients with hip fracture in southwestern Colombia. Retrospective cohort study. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology. 2023;51(4). Pokrowiecki R, Šufliarsky B, Jagielak M. Feminization Surgery of the Upper Face as the Crucial Factor in Gender Confirmation—Pearls and Pitfalls. Medicina (Lithuania) [Internet]. 2024 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Nov 16];60(1):120. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10821352/ Chou DW, Bruss D, Tejani N, Brandstetter K, Kleinberger A, Shih C. Quality of Life Outcomes After Facial Feminization Surgery. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med [Internet]. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Nov 16];24(S2):S44–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35128937/ Bornard L, Blay M, Roger PM, Raucoules-Aimé M, Carles M. Anesthésie du patient infecté par le VIH. Vol. 30, Annales Francaises d’Anesthesie et de Reanimation. 2011. p. 501–11. Chaya BF, Berman ZP, Boczar D, Siringo N, Rodriguez Colon R, Trilles J, et al. Current Trends in Facial Feminization Surgery: An Assessment of Safety and Style. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Nov 16];32(7):2366–9. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jcraniofacialsurgery/fulltext/2021/10000/current_trends_in_facial_feminization_surgery__an.30.aspx Glorion A, Perrillat A, Foletti JM, Cristofari S. Surgical techniques used in chin feminization: Literature review and knowledge update. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Nov 1;123(6):e883–7. Mahmoud R, Arbel S, Shuster A, Ianculovici C, Peleg O, Kleinman S. Intraoperative blood loss and the need for preoperative blood preparations in transgender women undergoing facial feminization surgeries: implications for surgeons. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Jan 1;52(1):72–8. García VM, De Bernabé Sala MÁG, Kinast ND, Pericas BC, Nebot AG. La anemia como factor de riesgo quirúrgico. Med Clin (Barc). 2013 Jul;141(SUPPL.1):47–54. ju143j. |
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UNAB Campus Bucaramanga |
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Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB |
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Facultad Ciencias de la Salud |
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Especialización en Anestesiología |
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EANE-1049 |
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Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB |
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Leotau Rodríguez, Mario Andrésed2346f0-1be0-4530-9aae-29c3f6d35ef5Padilla Rincón, Gabriel Fernandodf659955-93d3-4acc-b575-5bb9b26058b9Leotau Rodríguez, Mario Andrés [0000-0003-4374-2840]Leotau Rodríguez, Mario Andrés [mario-andrés-leotau-rodríguez]Colombia2024UNAB Campus Bucaramanga2024-12-04T14:56:39Z2024-12-04T14:56:39Z2024-12-03http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27649instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coEste estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facial. Se realizó un tipo de estudio de cohorte de base de datos secundaria anonimizada a través de un análisis estadístico bivariado con una muestra total de 198 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de feminización facial durante el periodo 2022 – 2024 en una clínica de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia). Los resultados muestran una asociación significativa con el descenso de hemoglobina y el tipo de abordaje quirúrgico, así como una tendencia sin significancia estadística que relaciona los antecedentes quirúrgicos y farmacológicos. De esta manera, se concluye que existe la necesidad de un enfoque integral en la evaluación preoperatoria, el manejo intraoperatorio y el seguimiento postoperatorio que otorga complejidad a la atención de estas pacientes. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario guiar estrategias futuras de optimización, investigación y personalización del cuidado anestésico en esta población.1. Justificación 1 2. Marco Teórico 3 2.1 Cirugía de Feminización Facial (CFF) 3 2.1.1 Definición y objetivos de la CFF 3 2.1.2 Historia y evolución de la CFF 3 2.1.3 Técnicas quirúrgicas específicas en la CFF 5 2.2 Aspectos Psicológicos y Sociales 8 2.2.1 Impacto de la CFF en la satisfacción del paciente 8 2.2.2 Percepción de género del paciente 9 2.2.3 Perspectiva del paciente transgénero y consideraciones 10 2.2.4 Calidad de vida de los pacientes después de una CFF 11 2.3 Proceso Perioperatorio 12 2.3.1 Preparación para la CFF 12 2.4 Planificación preoperatoria 13 2.4.1 Evaluación Fotográfica 13 2.4.2 Evaluación Radiográfica 14 2.4.3 Tomografía Computarizada 14 2.4.4 Modelado 3D 14 2.4.5 Impresión 3D 14 2.4.6 Procedimientos Planificados 15 2.4.7 Anestesia quirúrgica 15 2.5 Manejo del dolor y cuidados postoperatorios 17 2.6 Factores que influyen en las perdidas sanguíneas 20 2.6.1 Factores preoperatorios 20 2.6.2 Factores intraoperatorios 21 2.7 Complicaciones y riesgos de la CFF 21 2.8 Avances Tecnológicos y Futuras Tendencias 22 2.8.1 Queiloplastia, nuevas perspectivas y avances 24 2.9 Principales procedimientos y avances en la cirugía de feminización facial en el paciente transgénero 25 3. Estado de arte 27 4. Objetivos 30 4.1 Objetivo general 30 4.2 Objetivos específicos 30 5. Metodología 30 5.1 Tipo de estudio 30 5.2 Población 30 5.3 Criterios de inclusión 31 5.4 Criterios de exclusión 31 5.5 Recolección de la información 31 5.6 Variable 32 5.7 Plan de análisis de datos 34 5.8 Cálculo de tamaño de muestra 35 5.9 Consideraciones éticas 35 6. Resultados 38 7. Discusión 44 8. Conclusiones 50 9. Cronograma de actividades 50 10. Referencias Bibliográficas 51EspecializaciónThis study aimed to determine the factors associated with the decrease in post-surgical hemoglobin levels in patients undergoing facial feminization surgery. A cohort study was conducted using anonymized secondary database analysis with a sample of 198 patients who underwent facial feminization surgery between 2022 and 2024 at a high-complexity clinic in Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia). The results show a significant association between hemoglobin decrease and the type of surgical approach, as well as a non-significant trend related to surgical and pharmacological history. It is concluded that there is a need for a comprehensive approach in preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative follow-up, which adds complexity to the care of these patients. Therefore, future strategies for optimization, research, and personalized anesthetic care for this population are necessary.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Factores asociados al descenso de los niveles de hemoglobina postquirúrgica en pacientes sometidas a feminización facialFactors associated with decreased post-surgical hemoglobin levels in patients undergoing facial feminizationEspecialista en AnestesiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludEspecialización en AnestesiologíaEANE-1049info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisTesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMAnesthesiologyMedical sciencesHealth sciencesMedicinePerioperative managementFactors associatedFacial feminization surgeryBleedingOperations, surgicalOperative surgeryHemorrhageGender transitionAnestesiologíaCiencias médicasMedicinaOperaciones quirúrgicasCirugía operatoriaHemorragiaTransición de géneroCiencias de la saludFeminización facialManejo perioperatorioSangradoFactores asociadosAmericAn PsychiAtric AssociAtion [Internet]. Available from: www.appi.orgMes del orgullo 2023: 9% de los adultos se identifican como LGBT+ | Ipsos [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 11]. Available from: https://www.ipsos.com/es-mx/pride-month-2023-9-of-adults-identify-as-lgbtDANE - Preguntas y respuestas frecuentes [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 11]. Available from: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/servicios-al-ciudadano/tramites/transparencia-y-acceso-a-la-informacion-publica/informacion-de-interes/preguntas-y-respuestas-frecuentesMorrison SD, Satterwhite T. Lower Jaw Recontouring in Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am [Internet]. 2019 May 1 [cited 2024 Jan 12];27(2):233–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30940389/Riesgos de la cirugía de feminización facial [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 12]. Available from: https://facifem.com/es/tu-cirugia-ffs/riesgos-de-la-cirugia-de-feminizacion-facial/Telang PS. Facial Feminization Surgery: A Review of 220 Consecutive Patients. 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Med Clin (Barc). 2013 Jul;141(SUPPL.1):47–54.ju143j.https://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/mario-andr%C3%A9s-leotau-rodr%C3%ADguezORIGINALTrabajo_de_Grado_Final_Gabriel_Padilla.pdfTrabajo_de_Grado_Final_Gabriel_Padilla.pdfTesisapplication/pdf1532518https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/27649/2/Trabajo_de_Grado_Final_Gabriel_Padilla.pdf56fe1ffc879e222537c313548e18bc6eMD52open accessLicencia.pdfLicencia.pdfLicenciaapplication/pdf584794https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/27649/5/Licencia.pdfa4bad390a51fe67404594032a6694adbMD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8829https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/27649/4/license.txt3755c0cfdb77e29f2b9125d7a45dd316MD54open accessTHUMBNAILTrabajo_de_Grado_Final_Gabriel_Padilla.pdf.jpgTrabajo_de_Grado_Final_Gabriel_Padilla.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6272https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/27649/6/Trabajo_de_Grado_Final_Gabriel_Padilla.pdf.jpg2476cb36d11436fee7a2b14596fe1f03MD56open accessLicencia.pdf.jpgLicencia.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg9788https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/27649/7/Licencia.pdf.jpgd55550aa3dcd9c7aebc0668b70a43380MD57metadata only access20.500.12749/27649oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/276492024-12-04 22:00:37.344open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.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 |