Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico

El LES no es una enfermedad rara, pues su prevalencia en la población mundial fluctúa entre 2.9-206 casos x 100.000 habitantes, reportándose una mayor incidencia entre la población hispana y afroamericana, en cuyos grupos raciales suele presentar un curso más grave de la enfermedad. Este fenómeno ha...

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Autores:
Serrano Díaz, Norma Cecilia
Páez Leal, María Carolina
Anaya C., Juan Manuel
Tipo de recurso:
Investigation report
Fecha de publicación:
2005
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
Repositorio:
Repositorio UNAB
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/22850
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/22850
Palabra clave:
Complex diseases
Genetics
Lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Biological development
Polymorphism
Pathophysiology
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Desarrollo biológico
Polimorfismo
Fisiopatología
Enfermedades complejas
Genética
Lupus
Rights
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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network_acronym_str UNAB2
network_name_str Repositorio UNAB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Study of polymorphisms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOSe) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
title Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
spellingShingle Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
Complex diseases
Genetics
Lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Biological development
Polymorphism
Pathophysiology
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Desarrollo biológico
Polimorfismo
Fisiopatología
Enfermedades complejas
Genética
Lupus
title_short Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
title_full Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
title_fullStr Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
title_full_unstemmed Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
title_sort Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Serrano Díaz, Norma Cecilia
Páez Leal, María Carolina
Anaya C., Juan Manuel
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Serrano Díaz, Norma Cecilia
Páez Leal, María Carolina
Anaya C., Juan Manuel
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [0000066613]
Páez Leal, María Carolina [0000066656]
Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso [0000066621]
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [iDn0AAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao]
Páez Leal, María Carolina [BAPR3-cAAAAJ]
Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso [ABarFDsAAAAJ]
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [0000-0003-3532-2002]
Páez Leal, María Carolina [0000-0002-0310-0125]
Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso [0000-0002-4498-6639]
dc.contributor.scopus.spa.fl_str_mv Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [7003706613]
Páez Leal, María Carolina [12243485600]
dc.contributor.researchgate.spa.fl_str_mv Páez Leal, María Carolina [Maria_Paez-Leal]
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Complex diseases
Genetics
Lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Biological development
Polymorphism
Pathophysiology
topic Complex diseases
Genetics
Lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Biological development
Polymorphism
Pathophysiology
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Desarrollo biológico
Polimorfismo
Fisiopatología
Enfermedades complejas
Genética
Lupus
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Desarrollo biológico
Polimorfismo
Fisiopatología
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Enfermedades complejas
Genética
Lupus
description El LES no es una enfermedad rara, pues su prevalencia en la población mundial fluctúa entre 2.9-206 casos x 100.000 habitantes, reportándose una mayor incidencia entre la población hispana y afroamericana, en cuyos grupos raciales suele presentar un curso más grave de la enfermedad. Este fenómeno ha sido atribuido por algunos expertos a factores socioeconómicos y ambientales, que colocan a países como Colombia como referentes para el estudio de esta entidad. Su etiología es aún desconocida, e involucra factores genéticos, hormonales y ambientales interactúan de una forma compleja en su génesis, representando el prototipo de las Enfermedades Complejas, donde la existencia de una predisposición genética en asociación con diferentes factores de riesgo medio ambientales, hacen que esa susceptibilidad genética se ponga de manifiesto y se desarrolle la enfermedad. Considerado el LES como una enfermedad compleja que cursa con disfunción endotelial en asociación con alteraciones en la biodisponibilidad del óxido nítrico, consideramos que el gen que codifica para la NOSe es un buen candidato que pudiera estar relacionado con el origen y desarrollo de la enfermedad, donde las variaciones genéticas representadas en polimorfismos del gen podrían comportarse como factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de la misma. La importancia de determinar factores de riesgo genético asociados a la enfermedad permitiría en aquellas pacientes portadoras iniciar de manera temprana medidas terapéuticas que logren modificar el curso de la enfermedad.
publishDate 2005
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2005
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-20T15:56:17Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-20T15:56:17Z
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv Research report
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dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Informe de investigación
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language spa
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Betty P.Tsao: The Genetic of Human Lupus. In Wallace J. Daniel, M.D,, Hahn Hannahs Bevra, M.D. (Eds.). Dubois” Lupus Erythematosus 6th Edition. Philadelphia, Lippincot Williams and Wilkins. 2002: 97-119.
Rus Violeta, Hochberg C. Mark: The Epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In Wallace J. Daniel, M.D., Hahn Hannahs Bevra, M.D. (Eds.). Dubois” Lupus Erythematosus. Philadelphia, Lippincot Williams and Wilkins. 2002: 66-68.
Millard TP, McGregor JM, Molecular genetics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol 2001;26:184-191.
Anaya JM, Uribe M, Pérez A, Pinto LF, Molina JF, Londoño MC, Sanchez JF, Cadavid ME, Matute G. Clinical and immunological factors associated with lupus nephritis in northwestern Colombian patients. Biomédica (en prensa).
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Belmont HM, Levartovshy D, Goel A et al. Increased nitric oxide production accompanied by the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelium from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1810-6.
Gilkeson G, Cannon C, Oates J, Reilly C, Goldman D, Petri M. Correlation of serum measures of nitric oxide production with lupus disease activity. J Rheumatology 1999;26:318-24.
Ho CY, Wong CK, Li EK, Tam LS, Lam CWK. Elevated plasma concentrations of nitric oxide, soluble thrombomodulin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology 2003;42:117—122.
Vyse T.J., Kotzin B.L., 1998 Genetic Susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Annu.Rev. Inmunology 16: 261-292.
Correa PA, Molina JF, Pinto LF, Arcos-Burgos M, Anaya JM. TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphism in northwestern Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 363-365.
Correa PA, Rivera D, Arcos-Burgos M, Molina JF, Pinto LF, Anaya JM. Microsatellite analysis defines a susceptibility region to systemic lupus erythematosus close to TNF alpha locus. Ann Rheum Dis (en prensa).
Hanafy K.A., Krumenacker J.S., Murad F. NO, nitrotyrosine and cyclic GMP in signal transduction. Med. Sci. Monit. (2001) 7801-819.
Mayer , B., John, M., and Bo“hme, E. (1990) Purification of a calcium/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase from porcine cerebellum. Cofactor role of tetrahydrobiopterin. FEBS Lelt. 277, 215-219.
Forstermann U, Boissel JP, Kleinert H. Expressional control of th “constitutive” isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS | and NOSIII). FASEB J 1998;12:773-90.
Green S.J., Meltzer M.S., Hibbs J.B. Jr., Nacy C.A. Activated macrophages destroy intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes by an L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism. J. Immunol. (1990) 144 278-283.
Palmer R.M., Hickery M.S., Charles |.G., Moncada S., Bayliss M.T. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in human chondrocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993;193: 398-405.
Drapier J-C, Hibbs JB. DiVerentiation of murine macrophages to express nonspecific cytotoxicity for tumor cells results in L-arginine dependent inhibition of mitochondrial iron-sulfur enzymes in the macrophage effector cells. J Immunol 1988;140:2829-38.
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Tamir S, Burney S, Tannenbaum SR. DNA damage by nitric oxide. Chem Res Toxicol 1996;9:821—7.
Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:1620-4,
Chung H.T., Pae H.O., Choi B.M., Billiar T.R., Kim Y.M. Nitric oxide as a bioregulator of apoptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2001) 282 1075-1079.
Merryman PF, Clancy RM, He XY, Abramson SB. Modulation of human T cell responses by nitric oxide and its derivative, S-nitrosoglutathione. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36:1414-22. 1992;51:1219-22.
Belenky SN, Robbins RA, Rubinstein |. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuate human monocyte chemo- taxis in vitro. J Leukocyte Biol 1993;53:498-503.
Kubes P, Suzuki M, Granger DN. Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:4651-5.
Kubes P, Kanwar S, Niu XF, Gaboury JP. Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition induces leukocyte adhesion via superoxide and mast cells. FASEB J 1993;7:1293-9.
Stadler J, Harbrecht BG, Di SilvioMet al. Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits the synthesis of cyclooxygenase products and interleukin-6 by rat kupVer cells. J Leukocyte Biol 1993;53:165- 72. 63-8.
Hogaboam CM, Befus AD, Wallace JL. Modulation of mast cell reactivity by IL-1-beta. Divergent effects on nitrite oxide and platelet-activating factor release. J Immunol 1993,151:3767—74.
Salvemini D, Masini E, Pistelli A, Mannaioni PF, Vane y. Nitric oxide: a regulatory mediator of mast cell reactivity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 17(suppl. 3):S258-64.
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Weinberg JB, Granger DL, Pisetsky DS et al. The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of spontaneous murine autoimmune disease: increased nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase expression in MRL- Ipr/Ipr mice, and reduction of spontaneous glomerulonephritis and arthritis by orally administered NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. J Exp Med 1994;179:651-60.
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Brundin L, Svenungsson E, Morcos E, Andersson M, Olsson T, Lundberg l, et al. Central nervous system nitric oxide formation in cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Neurol 1998;44:704-6.
Svenungsson E, Andersson M, Brundin L et al. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide metabolites in neuropsychiatric lupus Erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:372-379).
Wigand R, Meyer J, Busse R et al. Increased serum N*-hydroxy-L-Arginina (L-NHA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematousus as an index of an increased nitric oxide synthase activity. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1997;56:330-2.
Lopez-Nevot MA, Ramal L, Jimenez-Alonso J, Martin J. The inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter polymorphism does not confer susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003 Jan;42(1):113-6.
Nakayama M, Yasue H, Toshimura M, et al. T”%C mutation in the 5”-flanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronay spasm. Circulation 1999;99:2864-70.
Nakayama M, Yasue H, Toshimura M, et al. T"%C mutation in the 5“-flanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with myocardial infarction, especially without coronary organic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:628-34.
Poirier O Mao C, Mallet C, et al. Polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene no consistent association with myocardial infarction in the ECTIM study. Eur J Clin Investi 1999:29:284-90.
Sim AS, Wang y, Wilcken D, et al. Mspl polymorphism in the promoter of the human endothelial constitutive NO synthase gene in an Australian Caucasian population. Mol Genet Metab 1998;65:62.
Hingorani AD, Liang CF, Fatibene J, et al. A common variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Glu298Asp) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease in the UK. Circulation 1999;100:1515-20.
Yoshimura M. A missense Glu298Asp variant in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm in the Japanese. Hum Genet 1998;103:65-69.
Miyamoto Y, Saito Y, Kajiyama N, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is positively associated with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1998;32:3-8.
Shoji M et al. Positive association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with hypertension in northern Japan. Life Sci 2000;66:2557-62.
Shimasaki Y, et al. Association of the missense Glu298Asp variant of the nitric oxide synthase gene with myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;31:1506-10.
McNamara DM, et al. The Asp298 variant of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) improves survival in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1999;100:1507.
Yoshimura T, Yoshimura M, Tabata A, et al. Association of the missense Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with severe preeclampsia. J Soc Gynecol Invest 2000;7:238-41.
Tanus-Santos JE, Desai M, Flockhart D. Effects of ethnicity on the distribution of clinically relevant endothelial nitric oxide variants. Pharmacogenetics 2001;11:719-25.
Teasuro M, Thompson WC, Rogliani P et al. Intracellular processing of endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoforms associated with differences in severity of cardiopulmonary diseases: cleavage of proteins with aspartate vs. glutamate at position 298. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000 97;2832-35
Savvidou MD, Wallance PJ, Nicolaides KH, Hingorani A. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy. Hypertension 2001;38:1289-93
Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rhothfield NF,et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271- 77.
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spelling Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso18beede0-11bf-451d-be71-25d92ec13207Serrano Díaz, Norma Cecilia6d35f45d-5845-4d5a-a85d-46c2dd24bbc3Páez Leal, María Carolina4c30d3de-095b-4497-b14c-f1501234ab69Anaya C., Juan Manuel217c077c-6b7c-4342-83d6-6e41861fe8a4Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [0000066613]Páez Leal, María Carolina [0000066656]Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso [0000066621]Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [iDn0AAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao]Páez Leal, María Carolina [BAPR3-cAAAAJ]Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso [ABarFDsAAAAJ]Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [0000-0003-3532-2002]Páez Leal, María Carolina [0000-0002-0310-0125]Díaz Martínez, Luis Alfonso [0000-0002-4498-6639]Serrano Diaz, Norma Cecilia [7003706613]Páez Leal, María Carolina [12243485600]Páez Leal, María Carolina [Maria_Paez-Leal]Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)2005UNAB Campus Bucaramanga2023-11-20T15:56:17Z2023-11-20T15:56:17Z2005http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/22850instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coEl LES no es una enfermedad rara, pues su prevalencia en la población mundial fluctúa entre 2.9-206 casos x 100.000 habitantes, reportándose una mayor incidencia entre la población hispana y afroamericana, en cuyos grupos raciales suele presentar un curso más grave de la enfermedad. Este fenómeno ha sido atribuido por algunos expertos a factores socioeconómicos y ambientales, que colocan a países como Colombia como referentes para el estudio de esta entidad. Su etiología es aún desconocida, e involucra factores genéticos, hormonales y ambientales interactúan de una forma compleja en su génesis, representando el prototipo de las Enfermedades Complejas, donde la existencia de una predisposición genética en asociación con diferentes factores de riesgo medio ambientales, hacen que esa susceptibilidad genética se ponga de manifiesto y se desarrolle la enfermedad. Considerado el LES como una enfermedad compleja que cursa con disfunción endotelial en asociación con alteraciones en la biodisponibilidad del óxido nítrico, consideramos que el gen que codifica para la NOSe es un buen candidato que pudiera estar relacionado con el origen y desarrollo de la enfermedad, donde las variaciones genéticas representadas en polimorfismos del gen podrían comportarse como factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de la misma. La importancia de determinar factores de riesgo genético asociados a la enfermedad permitiría en aquellas pacientes portadoras iniciar de manera temprana medidas terapéuticas que logren modificar el curso de la enfermedad.SLE is not a rare disease, since its prevalence in the world population fluctuates between 2.9-206 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a higher incidence reported among the Hispanic and African-American population, in whose racial groups usually presents a more severe course of the disease. This phenomenon has been attributed by some experts to socioeconomic and environmental factors, which place countries like Colombia as references for the study of this entity. Its etiology is still unknown, and it involves genetic, hormonal and environmental factors that interact in a complex way in its genesis, representing the prototype of Complex Diseases, where the existence of a genetic predisposition in association with different environmental risk factors, causes that genetic susceptibility becomes evident and the disease develops. Considering SLE as a complex disease that presents with endothelial dysfunction in association with alterations in the bioavailability of nitric oxide, we consider that the gene that codes for NOSe is a good candidate that could be related to the origin and development of the disease, where The genetic variations represented in gene polymorphisms could behave as an independent risk factor for its development. The importance of determining genetic risk factors associated with the disease would allow carrier patients to initiate therapeutic measures early that can modify the course of the disease.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Estudio de polimorfismos de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (NOSE) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémicoStudy of polymorphisms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOSe) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosusResearch reportinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaperInforme de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18wshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/IFIUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludComplex diseasesGeneticsLupusSystemic lupus erythematosusBiological developmentPolymorphismPathophysiologyLupus eritematoso sistémicoDesarrollo biológicoPolimorfismoFisiopatologíaEnfermedades complejasGenéticaLupusPisetsky S. 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Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271- 77.ORIGINAL2005_Informe de Investigación_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf2005_Informe de Investigación_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdfInforme de Investigaciónapplication/pdf11924432https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22850/1/2005_Informe%20de%20Investigaci%c3%b3n_Serrano_D%c3%adaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf7ef98477b0a508e3b7bf08c3cc5f0e4aMD51open access2005_Liencia_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf2005_Liencia_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdfLicenciaapplication/pdf2615092https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22850/2/2005_Liencia_Serrano_D%c3%adaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf84fced5d4818eb010f42c8503268bc7bMD52metadata only accessTHUMBNAIL2005_Informe de Investigación_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf.jpg2005_Informe de Investigación_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6906https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22850/4/2005_Informe%20de%20Investigaci%c3%b3n_Serrano_D%c3%adaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf.jpg6935125a7ed52180baa0453293ddbe0dMD54open access2005_Liencia_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf.jpg2005_Liencia_Serrano_Díaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7943https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22850/5/2005_Liencia_Serrano_D%c3%adaz_Norma_Cecilia.pdf.jpg9d44723de4e1955a1a18cc9fae62e445MD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8829https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/22850/3/license.txt3755c0cfdb77e29f2b9125d7a45dd316MD53open access20.500.12749/22850oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/228502023-11-20 22:00:58.228open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.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