Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia
El régimen libio fue intervenido en el 2011 por la OTAN, luego de haber sido acusado de estar preparando una “masacre” contra su propia población. Esa intervención, liderada por Francia y Estados Unidos, se hizo en nombre de la responsabilidad de proteger, de acuerdo con un mandato de la ONU que ins...
- Autores:
-
Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed
Ripoll, Alejandra
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
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- 2018
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- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
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- Ciencias jurídicas y políticas
Derecho
Investigaciones
Legislación
Legal and Political Sciences
Law
Investigations
Legislation
Libya
Responsibility to protect
Interventionism
NATO
Realism
Ciencias jurídicas y políticas
Derecho
Investigaciones
Legislación
Libia
Responsabilidad de proteger
Intervencionismo
OTAN
Realismo
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Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Responsibility to Protect (interests). The Case of NATO Intervention in Libya |
| title |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| spellingShingle |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia Ciencias jurídicas y políticas Derecho Investigaciones Legislación Legal and Political Sciences Law Investigations Legislation Libya Responsibility to protect Interventionism NATO Realism Ciencias jurídicas y políticas Derecho Investigaciones Legislación Libia Responsabilidad de proteger Intervencionismo OTAN Realismo |
| title_short |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| title_full |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| title_fullStr |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| title_sort |
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed Ripoll, Alejandra |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed Ripoll, Alejandra |
| dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed [0000732150] |
| dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed [0000-0002-6270-4498] Ripoll, Alejandra [0000-0001-7947-8952] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias jurídicas y políticas Derecho Investigaciones Legislación |
| topic |
Ciencias jurídicas y políticas Derecho Investigaciones Legislación Legal and Political Sciences Law Investigations Legislation Libya Responsibility to protect Interventionism NATO Realism Ciencias jurídicas y políticas Derecho Investigaciones Legislación Libia Responsabilidad de proteger Intervencionismo OTAN Realismo |
| dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv |
Legal and Political Sciences Law Investigations Legislation Libya Responsibility to protect Interventionism NATO Realism |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias jurídicas y políticas Derecho Investigaciones Legislación |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Libia Responsabilidad de proteger Intervencionismo OTAN Realismo |
| description |
El régimen libio fue intervenido en el 2011 por la OTAN, luego de haber sido acusado de estar preparando una “masacre” contra su propia población. Esa intervención, liderada por Francia y Estados Unidos, se hizo en nombre de la responsabilidad de proteger, de acuerdo con un mandato de la ONU que instaba a sus miembros a usar “todos los medios necesarios” para evitar “ataques generalizados y sistemáticos contra la población civil”. ¿Estuvo en realidad esa intervención impulsada por valores morales y la responsabilidad de proteger a la población libia? El propósito de este artículo es demostrar que la intervención de la OTAN se asemeja a una clásica operación de “cambio de régimen” mediada por consideraciones “materiales” y que poco tuvo que ver con consideraciones humanitarias. La intervención de la OTAN, asimismo, desestructuraría las propuestas para implementar un cambio pacífico, arrasando consigo a centenares de miles de personas, convirtiendo a Libia en un Estado fallido y provocando la aparición de múltiples facciones armadas islamistas |
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2018 |
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2018-07-12 |
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2020-10-27T15:12:12Z |
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2020-10-27T15:12:12Z |
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ACNUR. (2014). Más de 100 mil desplazados en Libia en las últimas tres semanas. Recuperado de: http://www.acnur.org/noticias/brie fi ng/ 2014/10/5b041a2f1d/mas-de-100- mil-desplazados-en-libia-en-las-ultimas-tres-semanas.html? query=M%C3%A1s%20de%20100%2 0mil%20desplazados Adams, S. (2012). Libya and the Responsibility to Protect. Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Occasional Paper Series, No. 3. Recuperado de: http://www.globalr2p.org/publications/213 Aghayev, E. (2013). Analysis and background of 118 Rafat Ghotme, Alejandra Ripoll/ Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): el caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia. the “Arab Spring” in Libya. European Researcher, 39(1-2), pp. 193-198. Al-Jazeera (2011, March 12). Arab states seek Libya no-fly zone. Recuperado de: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/ africa/ 2011/03/201131218852687848.ht ml Ali, I. & Harvie, C. (2013). Oil and economic development: Libya in the post-Gaddafi era. Economic Modelling, 32, pp. 273-285. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.022 Aliyev, H. (2011). Neo-Realism and Humanitarian Action: From Cold War to Our Days. The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance. Recuperado de: https:// sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/ 1173#_ednref9 Ashour, O. (2015). Between ISIS and a failed state: The saga of Libyan Islamists. Rethinking Political Islam Series. Washington DC, Estados Unidos: Brookings Institute. Recuperado de: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Libya_Ashour-FINALE.pdf Axworthy, L. (23 de Agosto de 2011). In Libya, We Move toward a More Humane World, Globe and Mail. Recuperado de: https://www.theglobeandmail.- com/opinion/in-libya-we-move-toward-a-more-humane-world/article626440/ Boduszypnski, M. & Pickard, D. (2014). Libya starts from scratch. En L. Diamond & M. Plattner, Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Arab World (pp. 289-299). Baltimore, Estados Unidos: Johns Hopkins University Press. Brahimi, A. (2011). Libya's Revolution. The Journal of North African Studies, 16(4), pp. 605-624. Bruce St John, R. (2012). Libyan Election Breaks Arab Spring Pattern. The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, 47(3), pp. 13- 19. Cederman, L., Hug, S. & Krebs, L. (2010). Democratization and civil war: Empirical Evidence. Journal of Peace Research, 47(4), pp. 377-394. Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU. (2011). Resolución 1973. Recuperado de: http:// www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=s/res/1973%20 (2011) Chorin, E. (2016, febrero, 10). Setting the Record Straight on Benghazi. What Really Led to Libya's Chaos. Foreign Affairs. Recuperado de: https:// www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/libya/2016-02-10/setting-recordstraight-benghazi Daalder, I. & Stavridis, J. (2012). NATO's Victory in Libya: The Right Way to Run an Intervention. Foreign Affairs, 91(2), pp. 2-7. Doctorow, G. (2018). Nicolas Sarkozy: Crime and Punishment? Consortiumnews.- com. Recuperado de: https://consortiumnews.com/2018/03/28/nicolassarkozy-crime-and-punishment/ Downes, A. & Monten, J. (2012). Freedom by Force: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Democratization. The George Washington University Comparative Politics Workshop. Washington DC, Estados Unidos. Recuperado de: https://gwucpw.files.wordpress.- com/2012/05/freedombyforce_gwu_cpworkshop.pdf Eljarh, M. (2014, septiembre 3). Libyans Are Bracing for Civil War. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de: http://foreignpolicy.- com/2014/09/03/libyans-are-bracing-for-civil-war/ Engel, A. (2015, febrero, 11). The Islamic State's Expansion in Libya. The Washington Institute. Recuperado de: http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ policy-analysis/view/the-islamic-states-expansion-in-libya Evans, G. (2011). The RtoP Balance Sheet after Libya. En Stark, A (Ed) The Responsibility to Protect: Challenges & 119 REFLEXIÓN POLÍTICA AÑO 20 N° 39 ENERO- JUNIO DE 2018; e-ISSN 2590-8669 ; IEP - UNAB (COLOMBIA) Opportunities in Ligth of the Libyan Intervention (pp. 34-40) Recuperado de: http://www.globalr2p.org/media/files/gareth-_interview-the-rtopbalance-sheet-after-libya.pdf Fitzgerald, M. (2014, junio 5). Libya’s Rogue ‘War on Terror’. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de: http://foreignpolicy.com/ 2014/06/05/libyas-rogue-war-onterror/ Fuente, I. (2014, Septiembre 10). Libia, la guerra de todos contra todos. Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos. Recuperado de: http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_analisis/2014/ DIEEEA46-2014_Libia_Guerratodos_Contratodos_IFC._doc_final.pdf Gambhir, H. (2016, febrero 19). ISIS’s Campaign in Libya: January 4-February 19, 2016. Institute for Study of War. Recuperado de: http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/ isis%E2%80%99s-campaign-libyajanuary-4-february-19-2016 Haass, R. (2013). The Irony of American Strategy: Putting the Middle East in Proper Perspective. Foreign Affairs, 92(3), pp. 57-67. Harris, P. (29 de marzo de 2011). Barack Obama defends US military intervention in Libya. The Guardian. Recuperado de: http://www.theguardian.- com/world/2011/mar/29/barackobama-us-speech-libya International Crisis Group. (2015, julio 15). The Libyan Political Dialogue: An Incomplete Consensus. Recuperado de: https://www.crisisgroup.org/middleeast-north-africa/north-africa/libya/ libyan-political-dialogue-incompleteconsensus Kadlec, A. (2015, enero 16). The Problem with Libya’s Peace Talks. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de: http://foreignpolicy.- com/2015/01/16/the-problem-withlibyas-peace-talks/ Ki-moon, B. (2011, marzo 17). Statement by the Secretary-General on Libya. Recuperado de: https://www.un.org/ sg/en/content/sg/speeches/ 2011-03-17/statement-libya Kirkpatrick, D. & Fahim, K. (17 de marzo de 2011). Gaddafi Warns of Assault on Benghazi as U.N. Vote Nears. The New York Times Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/ 2011/03/18/world/africa/18libya.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Kuperman, A. (2015). Obama´s Libya Debacle: How a Well-Meaning Intervention Ended in Failure. Foreign Affairs, 94(2), pp. 66-77. Lesch, A. (2014). Troubled Political Transitions: Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Middle East Policy, XXI, pp. 62-74. Lindström, M. & Zetterlund, K. (2012). Setting the Stage for the Military Intervention in Libya: Decision Made and Their Implications for the EU and NATO. FOI, No. 3498. Mannocchi, F. (12 de agosto de 2015a). Q&A: The two sides of Libya - Abdullah alThinni. Al-Jazeera. Recuperado de: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/ 2015/08/qa-sides-libya-abdullah-althinni-150810095941722.html Mannocchi, F. (12 de agosto de 2015b). Q&A: The two sides of Libya - Khalifa alGhwell. Al-Jazeera. Recuperado de: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/ 2015/08/qa-sides-libya-khalifa-alghwell-150810084824017.html Mazzetti, M. & Schmitt, E. (30 de Marzo de 2011). CIA agents in Libya aid airstrikes and meet rebels. The New York Times. Recuperado de: https:// www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/ world/africa/31intel.html wen, J. & Herbert, R. (2015). Intervention and Regime Change. En R. A. Scott & M.C. Buchmann (Ed.), Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, 1. D O I : https://doi.org/ 10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0194 Peic, G. & Reiter, D. (2011). Foreign-Imposed Regime Change, State Power, and Civil War Onset, 1920-2004. British Journal of Political Science, 41(3), pp. 453-475. Ramadan, T. (2012). Islam and Arab Awakening. Oxford, Reino Unido: Oxford University Press. Rotberg, R. (2004). When States Fail. Causes and Consequences. New Jersey, Estados Unidos: Princeton University Press. Salem, P. & Kadlec, A. (2012). Libya’s Troubled Transition. Carnegie Middle East Center. Recuperado de: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/libya_- transition.pdf Salih, K. (2013). The Roots and Causes of the 2011 Arab Uprisings. Arab Studies Quarterly, 35(2), pp. 184-206. Sawani, Y. (2012). Post-Qadhafi Libya: interactive dynamics and the political future. Contemporary Arab Affairs, 5(1), pp. 1-26. Sohn, A. & Froude, J. (2014, May). Froude, J & Sohn, A. (2014). Revolutions and rebels: A case study of armed groups in Post-Gaddafi Libya. Washington D.C: The George Washington University. Thakur, R. (2013). R2P after Libya and Syria: Engaging Emerging Powers. The Washington Quarterly, 36(2), pp. 61- 76. U.S. Department of State. (2016). UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case N o . F - 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 4 3 9 D o c N o . C05779612 Date: 12/31/2015. Recuperado de: https://www.foia.state.gov/Search/results.aspx?searchText=C05779612&beginDate=&endDate=&publishedBeginDate=&publishedEndDate=&caseNumber= Van Ostaeyen, P. (2015, febrero 18). Libya, Four Years Later. Recuperado de: https://pietervanostaeyen.wordpress.com/2015/02/17/libya-fouryears-later/ Wehrey, F. & Lacher, W. (2014). Libya’s Legitimacy Crisis. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Recuperado de: http://carnegieendowment.org/ 2014/10/06/libya-s-legitimacy-crisis/hr9j Zelin, A. (2015, abril, 6). The Rise and Decline of Ansar al-Sharia in Libya. Hudson Institute. Recuperado de: http:// www.hudson.org/research/11197- the-rise-and-decline-of-ansar-al-sharia-in-libya Zoubir, Y. & Rózsa, E. (2012). The End of the Libyan Dictatorship: The Uncertain Transition. Third World Quarterly, 33(7), pp. 1267-1283. |
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Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed00ac372d-ef8d-408f-996d-c22baa6c0cb2-1Ripoll, Alejandra38007f22-760c-4643-8eda-90dfc6475419-1Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed [0000732150]Ghotme Ghotme, Rafat Ahmed [0000-0002-6270-4498]Ripoll, Alejandra [0000-0001-7947-8952]2020-10-27T15:12:12Z2020-10-27T15:12:12Z2018-07-122590-8669|0124-0781http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/10768instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co10.29375/01240781.3298El régimen libio fue intervenido en el 2011 por la OTAN, luego de haber sido acusado de estar preparando una “masacre” contra su propia población. Esa intervención, liderada por Francia y Estados Unidos, se hizo en nombre de la responsabilidad de proteger, de acuerdo con un mandato de la ONU que instaba a sus miembros a usar “todos los medios necesarios” para evitar “ataques generalizados y sistemáticos contra la población civil”. ¿Estuvo en realidad esa intervención impulsada por valores morales y la responsabilidad de proteger a la población libia? El propósito de este artículo es demostrar que la intervención de la OTAN se asemeja a una clásica operación de “cambio de régimen” mediada por consideraciones “materiales” y que poco tuvo que ver con consideraciones humanitarias. La intervención de la OTAN, asimismo, desestructuraría las propuestas para implementar un cambio pacífico, arrasando consigo a centenares de miles de personas, convirtiendo a Libia en un Estado fallido y provocando la aparición de múltiples facciones armadas islamistasThe Libyan regime was intervened in 2011 by NATO, after being accused of preparing a “massacre” against its own population. This intervention, led by France and the United States, was made in the name of Responsibility to protect, according to a UN mandate urging its members to use “all necessary means” to avoid “widespread and systematic attacks on the civilian population”. Was this intervention, in fact, driven by moral values and the responsibility to protect the Libyan population? The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that NATO´s intervention resembles a classical “regime change” operation mediated by “material” considerations, and that has little to do with humanitarian considerations. The intervention of NATO would also disrupt the proposals to implement a peaceful change, sweeping away hundreds of thousands of people, making Libya a failed state and provoking the emergence of multiple Islamist armed factionsapplication/pdfApplication/xmlspaUNABInstituto de Estudios Políticos IEPhttps://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/reflexion/article/view/3298/2823|Https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/reflexion/article/view/3298/2966https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/reflexion/article/view/3298ACNUR. (2014). Más de 100 mil desplazados en Libia en las últimas tres semanas. Recuperado de: http://www.acnur.org/noticias/brie fi ng/ 2014/10/5b041a2f1d/mas-de-100- mil-desplazados-en-libia-en-las-ultimas-tres-semanas.html? query=M%C3%A1s%20de%20100%2 0mil%20desplazadosAdams, S. (2012). Libya and the Responsibility to Protect. Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Occasional Paper Series, No. 3. Recuperado de: http://www.globalr2p.org/publications/213Aghayev, E. (2013). Analysis and background of 118 Rafat Ghotme, Alejandra Ripoll/ Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): el caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia. the “Arab Spring” in Libya. European Researcher, 39(1-2), pp. 193-198.Al-Jazeera (2011, March 12). Arab states seek Libya no-fly zone. Recuperado de: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/ africa/ 2011/03/201131218852687848.ht mlAli, I. & Harvie, C. (2013). Oil and economic development: Libya in the post-Gaddafi era. Economic Modelling, 32, pp. 273-285. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.022Aliyev, H. (2011). Neo-Realism and Humanitarian Action: From Cold War to Our Days. The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance. Recuperado de: https:// sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/ 1173#_ednref9Ashour, O. (2015). Between ISIS and a failed state: The saga of Libyan Islamists. Rethinking Political Islam Series. Washington DC, Estados Unidos: Brookings Institute. Recuperado de: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Libya_Ashour-FINALE.pdfAxworthy, L. (23 de Agosto de 2011). In Libya, We Move toward a More Humane World, Globe and Mail. Recuperado de: https://www.theglobeandmail.- com/opinion/in-libya-we-move-toward-a-more-humane-world/article626440/Boduszypnski, M. & Pickard, D. (2014). Libya starts from scratch. En L. Diamond & M. Plattner, Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Arab World (pp. 289-299). Baltimore, Estados Unidos: Johns Hopkins University Press.Brahimi, A. (2011). Libya's Revolution. The Journal of North African Studies, 16(4), pp. 605-624.Bruce St John, R. (2012). Libyan Election Breaks Arab Spring Pattern. The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, 47(3), pp. 13- 19.Cederman, L., Hug, S. & Krebs, L. (2010). Democratization and civil war: Empirical Evidence. Journal of Peace Research, 47(4), pp. 377-394.Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU. (2011). Resolución 1973. Recuperado de: http:// www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=s/res/1973%20 (2011)Chorin, E. (2016, febrero, 10). Setting the Record Straight on Benghazi. What Really Led to Libya's Chaos. Foreign Affairs. Recuperado de: https:// www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/libya/2016-02-10/setting-recordstraight-benghaziDaalder, I. & Stavridis, J. (2012). NATO's Victory in Libya: The Right Way to Run an Intervention. Foreign Affairs, 91(2), pp. 2-7.Doctorow, G. (2018). Nicolas Sarkozy: Crime and Punishment? Consortiumnews.- com. Recuperado de: https://consortiumnews.com/2018/03/28/nicolassarkozy-crime-and-punishment/Downes, A. & Monten, J. (2012). Freedom by Force: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Democratization. The George Washington University Comparative Politics Workshop. Washington DC, Estados Unidos. Recuperado de: https://gwucpw.files.wordpress.- com/2012/05/freedombyforce_gwu_cpworkshop.pdfEljarh, M. (2014, septiembre 3). Libyans Are Bracing for Civil War. Foreign Policy. 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Third World Quarterly, 33(7), pp. 1267-1283.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Reflexión Política; Vol. 20 No. 39 (2018): Reflexión Política (enero a junio); 107-121Ciencias jurídicas y políticasDerechoInvestigacionesLegislaciónLegal and Political SciencesLawInvestigationsLegislationLibyaResponsibility to protectInterventionismNATORealismCiencias jurídicas y políticasDerechoInvestigacionesLegislaciónLibiaResponsabilidad de protegerIntervencionismoOTANRealismoResponsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): El caso de la intervención de la OTAN en LibiaResponsibility to Protect (interests). The Case of NATO Intervention in Libyainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/CJournalArticlehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85THUMBNAIL2018_Articulo_Responsabilidad_de_proteger.pdf.jpg2018_Articulo_Responsabilidad_de_proteger.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6611https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/10768/2/2018_Articulo_Responsabilidad_de_proteger.pdf.jpg079d90793a5aceda82ef534d90b156abMD52open accessORIGINAL2018_Articulo_Responsabilidad_de_proteger.pdf2018_Articulo_Responsabilidad_de_proteger.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf516865https://repository.unab.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12749/10768/1/2018_Articulo_Responsabilidad_de_proteger.pdf6b03b2abde83c1f84280dd04f296b418MD51open access20.500.12749/10768oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/107682023-06-03 22:00:24.388open accessRepositorio Institucional | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABrepositorio@unab.edu.co |