Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS
Con una población mundial creciendo a un ritmo exponencial y esperanza de vida mayor, se necesita un suministro constante de alimentos que asegure la capacidad de alimentar a la población del mundo. El cambio climático, décadas de contaminación y explotación desmesurada de recursos renovables y no r...
- Autores:
-
Duarte Pineda, Jhon Edison
Ortega Pineda, Oscar Mauricio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UNAB
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unab.edu.co:20.500.12749/13601
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/13601
- Palabra clave:
- Systems engineer
Technological innovations
Agriculture commoditie
Smallholder
Rural
Colombia
Crop rotation
IOT
Good practices
Architecture
Farming
Internet
Crops
Cultivation techniques
Ingeniería de sistemas
Innovaciones tecnológicas
Agricultura
Internet
Cultivos
Técnicas de cultivos
Producto agrícola
Granja
Rural
Colombia
Rotación de cultivos
IOT
Buenas prácticas
Arquitectura
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Farmia: IOT architecture design oriented to developers for the inclusion of internet of things technologies applied to agricultural crop rotation in accordance with the strategic plan presented by GPS Santander: Case study Villanueva, SS |
| title |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| spellingShingle |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS Systems engineer Technological innovations Agriculture commoditie Smallholder Rural Colombia Crop rotation IOT Good practices Architecture Farming Internet Crops Cultivation techniques Ingeniería de sistemas Innovaciones tecnológicas Agricultura Internet Cultivos Técnicas de cultivos Producto agrícola Granja Rural Colombia Rotación de cultivos IOT Buenas prácticas Arquitectura |
| title_short |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| title_full |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| title_fullStr |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| title_sort |
Farmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SS |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Duarte Pineda, Jhon Edison Ortega Pineda, Oscar Mauricio |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra Flórez Gómez, Leidy Yohana |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Duarte Pineda, Jhon Edison Ortega Pineda, Oscar Mauricio |
| dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv |
Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [0001495409] |
| dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv |
Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [Ve6S8ocAAAAJ&hl] |
| dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Espinosa C., Alexandra [0000-0003-1411-0828] Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [0000-0003-1411-0828] |
| dc.contributor.researchgate.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria-Espinosa-C Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [Maria-Espinosa-C] |
| dc.contributor.apolounab.spa.fl_str_mv |
Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [maria-alexandra-espinosa-carreño] |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Systems engineer Technological innovations Agriculture commoditie Smallholder Rural Colombia Crop rotation IOT Good practices Architecture Farming Internet Crops Cultivation techniques |
| topic |
Systems engineer Technological innovations Agriculture commoditie Smallholder Rural Colombia Crop rotation IOT Good practices Architecture Farming Internet Crops Cultivation techniques Ingeniería de sistemas Innovaciones tecnológicas Agricultura Internet Cultivos Técnicas de cultivos Producto agrícola Granja Rural Colombia Rotación de cultivos IOT Buenas prácticas Arquitectura |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería de sistemas Innovaciones tecnológicas Agricultura Internet Cultivos Técnicas de cultivos |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Producto agrícola Granja Rural Colombia Rotación de cultivos IOT Buenas prácticas Arquitectura |
| description |
Con una población mundial creciendo a un ritmo exponencial y esperanza de vida mayor, se necesita un suministro constante de alimentos que asegure la capacidad de alimentar a la población del mundo. El cambio climático, décadas de contaminación y explotación desmesurada de recursos renovables y no renovables, aridez de la tierra como consecuencia a el aumento en los productos básicos agrícolas, deforestación y una incorrecta rotación de cultivos ha producido que la tierra pierda tierra fértil en los últimos 150 años, que puede acelerar el problema de seguridad alimenticia y sostenibilidad y con eso dificultar el alcance de los indicadores propuestos por los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable de la ONU. Considerando que toma 10 años de manejo orgánico constante para recuperar la calidad del suelo de tipo arcillosos caláceos (según el estudio de la universidad de Cambridge por J.F Herencia y C. Maqueda) que permita la producción de alimentos de consumo humano, así como emergencia presentada por el estudio de Marco Springmann en donde se manifiesta la necesidad de optimizar recursos para poder alcanzar el objetivo de alimentar al doble de la población actual en 30 años, y con los contratiempos presentados por el Covid-19 que aceleran la inestabilidad de la seguridad alimentaria en países pobres y en vía de desarrollo, este proyecto propone diseñar una arquitectura IoT enfocada a desarrolladores con la finalidad de incluir dichas tecnologías de manera correcta en el campo santandereano, tecnologías que estarán enfocadas a crear e implementar soluciones de agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo al Plan Global de Santander, específicamente en el municipio de Villanueva - Santander. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-12T16:01:42Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-12T16:01:42Z |
| dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de Grado |
| dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/13601 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/13601 |
| identifier_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandrab1d04d86-2443-4ebe-ad46-80848e67e607-1Flórez Gómez, Leidy Yohanab8deae06-09a5-4ae5-b6c3-263146e21ec1-1Duarte Pineda, Jhon Edison6e9a47a4-e516-432d-b9ab-dcd1996b7975-1Ortega Pineda, Oscar Mauricio0a05ebec-56eb-4ed3-86d3-0b280a01df7e-1Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [0001495409]Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [Ve6S8ocAAAAJ&hl]Espinosa C., Alexandra [0000-0003-1411-0828]Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [0000-0003-1411-0828]https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria-Espinosa-CEspinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [Maria-Espinosa-C]Espinosa Carreño, María Alexandra [maria-alexandra-espinosa-carreño]ColombiaUNAB Campus Bucaramanga2021-07-12T16:01:42Z2021-07-12T16:01:42Z2020http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/13601instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coCon una población mundial creciendo a un ritmo exponencial y esperanza de vida mayor, se necesita un suministro constante de alimentos que asegure la capacidad de alimentar a la población del mundo. El cambio climático, décadas de contaminación y explotación desmesurada de recursos renovables y no renovables, aridez de la tierra como consecuencia a el aumento en los productos básicos agrícolas, deforestación y una incorrecta rotación de cultivos ha producido que la tierra pierda tierra fértil en los últimos 150 años, que puede acelerar el problema de seguridad alimenticia y sostenibilidad y con eso dificultar el alcance de los indicadores propuestos por los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable de la ONU. Considerando que toma 10 años de manejo orgánico constante para recuperar la calidad del suelo de tipo arcillosos caláceos (según el estudio de la universidad de Cambridge por J.F Herencia y C. Maqueda) que permita la producción de alimentos de consumo humano, así como emergencia presentada por el estudio de Marco Springmann en donde se manifiesta la necesidad de optimizar recursos para poder alcanzar el objetivo de alimentar al doble de la población actual en 30 años, y con los contratiempos presentados por el Covid-19 que aceleran la inestabilidad de la seguridad alimentaria en países pobres y en vía de desarrollo, este proyecto propone diseñar una arquitectura IoT enfocada a desarrolladores con la finalidad de incluir dichas tecnologías de manera correcta en el campo santandereano, tecnologías que estarán enfocadas a crear e implementar soluciones de agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo al Plan Global de Santander, específicamente en el municipio de Villanueva - Santander.INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 1 1. OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL..................................................................................... 1 1.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ........................................................................... 1 2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .................................................................. 2 2.1 ÁRBOL DEL PROBLEMA ............................................................................... 2 2.2 DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA ....................................................................... 3 2.3 JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA................................................................. 5 3. ESTADO DEL ARTE ............................................................................................ 9 4. MARCO TEÓRICO ............................................................................................ 17 4.1 INTERNET DE LAS COSAS ......................................................................... 17 4.1.1 PLATAFORMAS HARDWARE ................................................................ 17 4.1.1.1 ARDUINO ........................................................................................... 17 4.1.1.2 RAPSBERRY ..................................................................................... 18 4.1.1.3 MBED ................................................................................................. 19 4.1.2 PLATAFORMAS SOFTWARE ................................................................. 19 4.1.2.1 CANNEYE .......................................................................................... 19 4.1.2.2 IFTTT.................................................................................................. 20 4.1.2.3 BLYNK................................................................................................ 20 4.1.2.4 FIWOO ............................................................................................... 21 4.1.2.5 NODE-RED ........................................................................................ 22 4.2 SENSÓRICA ENFOCADA AL AGRO............................................................ 22 4.2.1 SENSORES DE TEMPERATURA ........................................................... 22 4.2.2 SENSORES DE HUMEDAD .................................................................... 22 4.2.3 SENSORES DE PH ................................................................................. 23 4.2.4 SENSORES N-K-P ................................................................................ 23 4.3 CONEXIÓN DE RED ..................................................................................... 23 4.3.1 ADSL ....................................................................................................... 23 4.3.2 FIBRA ÓPTICA ........................................................................................ 24 4.3.3 CONEXIÓN MÓVIL .................................................................................. 24 4.3.3.1 CONEXIÓN MOVIL DE SEGUNDA GENERACIÓN .......................... 25 4.3.3.2 CONEXIÓN MOVIL DE TERCERA GENERACIÓN ........................... 25 4.3.3.3 CONEXIÓN MOVIL DE CUARTA GENERACIÓN ............................. 25 4.3.3.4 CONEXIÓN MOVIL DE QUINTA GENERACIÓN ............................... 25 4.3.4 WIMAX ..................................................................................................... 26 4.3.5 ENLACE SATELITAL ............................................................................... 27 4.3.6 BLUETOOTH ........................................................................................... 27 4.3.7 ZIGBEE .................................................................................................... 28 4.3.8 LORA ....................................................................................................... 30 4.4 TÉCNICAS ENFOCADAS EN IA ................................................................... 31 4.4.1 MODELOS LINEALES ............................................................................. 31 4.4.1.1 REGRESIÓN LINEAL SIMPLE .......................................................... 31 4.4.1.2 REGRESIÓN LINEAL MÚLTIPLE ...................................................... 33 4.4.2 REDES NEURONALES ........................................................................... 35 4.5.2.1 ALGORITMO LEVENBERG-MARQUARDT ....................................... 35 4.4.2.2 ALGORITMO DE RETROPROPAGACIÓN ........................................ 36 4.5 TÉCNICAS ENFOCADAS EN MINERÍA DE DATOS .................................... 39 4.5.1 WEB SCRAPING: .................................................................................... 39 4.5.2 TEXT MINING: ......................................................................................... 39 4.6 CULTIVOS EN GPS SANTANDER ............................................................... 40 4.6.1 CAFÉ ....................................................................................................... 40 4.6.1.1 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA REGIÓN CAFETERA ........................... 41 4.6.1.2 COMPORTAMIENTOS AMBIENTALES ............................................ 41 4.6.1.3 EL CLIMA Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL CULTIVO DEL CAFÉ .......... 42 4.6.1.4 ÉPOCA DE SIEMBRA ........................................................................ 43 4.6.1.5 DENSIDAD DE LA SIEMBRA ............................................................ 44 4.6.2 CACAO .................................................................................................... 44 4.6.2.1 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA REGIÓN CACAOTERA ........................ 45 4.6.2.2 COMPARTIMIENTOS AMBIENTALES .............................................. 45 4.6.2.3 EL CLIMA Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL CULTIVO DEL CACAO ...... 45 4.6.3 LIMÓN TAHITÍ ......................................................................................... 47 4.6.3.1 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA REGIÓN LIMONERA ............................ 47 4.6.3.2 COMPARTIMIENTOS AMBIENTALES .............................................. 47 4.6.3.3 EL CLIMA Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL CULTIVO DEL LIMÓN TAHITÍ ....................................................................................................................... 48 4.6.3.4 DENSIDAD DE LA SIEMBRA ............................................................ 48 4.6.4 AGUACATE ............................................................................................. 48 4.6.4.1 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA REGIÓN AGUACATERA ...................... 49 4.6.4.2 COMPARTIMIENTOS AMBIENTALES .............................................. 49 4.6.4.3 EL CLIMA Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL CULTIVO DEL LIMÓN TAHITÍ ....................................................................................................................... 50 4.6.4.5 DENSIDAD DE LA SIEMBRA ............................................................ 50 4.6.5 PIÑA ........................................................................................................ 51 4.6.5.1 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA REGIÓN PIÑERA ................................. 51 4.6.5.2 COMPARTIMIENTOS AMBIENTALES .............................................. 51 4.6.5.3 EL CLIMA Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL CULTIVO DE PIÑA ............. 52 4.6.5.4 ÉPOCA DE SIEMBRA ........................................................................ 52 5. METODOLOGÍA ................................................................................................ 53 6. ARQUITECTURA FARMIA ................................................................................ 54 6.1 ANÁLISIS DE ARQUITECTURAS ................................................................. 54 6.1.1 ESPECIFICACIONES ARQUITECTURA SELECCIONADA .................... 54 6.2 ANÁLISIS DEL CONTEXTO COLOMBIANO ................................................ 56 6.2.1 METODOLOGÍA TRADICIONAL VS FARMIA ......................................... 56 6.2.3.1 MODELO OSI ....................................................................................... 56 6.2.3.2 MODELO TCP/IP .................................................................................. 57 6.2.3.3 MODELO FARMIA ................................................................................ 57 6.2.2 CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SUELOS VILLANUEVA .................................. 58 6.2.4 BRECHA DIGITAL Y APROPIACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA EN VILLANUEVA .......................................................................................................................... 60 6.3 DISEÑO DE LA ARQUITECTURA FARMIA .................................................. 61 6.3.1 ESPECIFICACIONES ARQUITECTURA FARMIA. ................................. 61 6.3.2 POTENCIALIDAD ARQUITECTURA FARMIA. ....................................... 62 6.3.3 ARQUITECTURA FARMIA ...................................................................... 62 6.3.3.1 CAPA DE CAPTURA DE DATOS ......................................................... 62 6.3.3.1.1 SENSOR ............................................................................................ 63 6.3.3.1.2 PROCESADOR ................................................................................. 64 6.3.3.1.3 PROCESADOR ................................................................................. 66 6.3.3.1.4 DISPOSITIVOS .................................................................................. 66 6.3.3.1.5 AHORRO ENERGÉTICO................................................................... 66 6.3.3.2 CAPA DE ENLACE DE DATOS ............................................................ 67 6.3.3.2.1 SISTEMA OPERATIVO ..................................................................... 67 6.3.3.2.2 BASES DE DATOS ............................................................................ 69 6.3.3.2.3 PROCESADOR ................................................................................. 72 6.3.3.2.4 COMUNICACIÓN .............................................................................. 74 6.3.3.2.4 ENERGÍA ........................................................................................... 75 6.3.3.3 CAPA DE ENVÍO DE DATOS ............................................................... 75 6.3.3.3.1 PROTOCOLOS DE ENRUTAMIENTO .............................................. 76 6.3.3.3.2 PROTOCOLOS DE ENCAPSULAMIENTO ....................................... 78 6.3.3.4 CAPA DE MIDDLEWARE ..................................................................... 79 6.3.3.5 CAPA DE CONFIGURACIÓN ............................................................... 80 6.3.3.6 CAPA DE GESTIÓN ............................................................................. 81 6.3.3.7 CAPA DE APLICACIÓN ....................................................................... 82 6.3.3.8 AHORRO ENERGÉTICO ..................................................................... 83 6.3.3.9 SERVICIOS EN LA NUBE .................................................................... 84 6.3.3.9.1 GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM ......................................................... 84 6.3.3.9.2 MICROSOFT AZURE ........................................................................ 90 6.3.3.9.3 IMB CLOUD ....................................................................................... 96 6.3.3.9.4 ALIBABA CLOUD .............................................................................. 99 6.3.3.9.5 AMAZON WEB SERVICE ................................................................ 105 6.3.3.9.6 ORACLE CLOUD: ............................................................................ 109 6.4 VALIDACIÓN DE LA ARQUITECTURA FARMIA ........................................ 111 6.4.1 REVISIÓN BIBLIOMÉTRICA ................................................................. 111 6.4.2 PARÁMETROS DE EVALUACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA ............................. 113 6.4.3 REVISIÓN BIBLIOMÉTRICA ................................................................. 116 6.5 VALIDACIÓN DE LA ARQUITECTURA FARMIA ........................................ 130 7. CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................ 133 8. OBSERVACIONES .......................................................................................... 136 9. RESULTADOS ................................................................................................. 137 10. TRABAJOS FUTUROS .................................................................................. 138 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................... 139 ANEXOS .............................................................................................................. 158PregradoWith a world population growing at an exponential rate and life expectancy greater, a constant supply of food is needed to ensure the ability to feed the world's population. Climate change, decades of pollution and excessive exploitation of renewable and non-renewable resources, aridity of the land as a consequence of the increase in agricultural commodities, deforestation and incorrect crop rotation has caused the land to lose fertile land in recent years. 150 years, which can accelerate the problem of food security and sustainability and thus make it difficult to achieve the indicators proposed by the UN's sustainable development goals. Considering that it takes 10 years of constant organic management to recover the quality of the calcareous clay-type soil (according to the study of the University of Cambridge by JF Herencia and C. Maqueda) that allows the production of food for human consumption, as well as the emergency presented by Marco Springmann's study where the need to optimize resources is manifested in order to achieve the goal of feeding twice the current population in 30 years, and with the setbacks presented by Covid-19 that accelerate the instability of food security In poor and developing countries, this project proposes to design an IoT architecture focused on developers in order to include said technologies correctly in the Santander field, technologies that will be focused on creating and implementing crop rotation solutions according to to the Santander Global Plan, specifically in the municipality of Villanueva - Santander.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 ColombiaFarmia: Diseño de arquitectura IOT orientado a desarrolladores para la inclusión de tecnologías de internet de las cosas aplicadas a la Agro rotación de cultivos de acuerdo con el plan estratégico presentado por GPS Santander: Caso de estudio Villanueva, SSFarmia: IOT architecture design oriented to developers for the inclusion of internet of things technologies applied to agricultural crop rotation in accordance with the strategic plan presented by GPS Santander: Case study Villanueva, SSIngeniero de SistemasUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad IngenieríaPregrado Ingeniería de Sistemasinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisTrabajo de Gradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPSystems engineerTechnological innovationsAgriculture commoditieSmallholderRuralColombiaCrop rotationIOTGood practicesArchitectureFarmingInternetCropsCultivation techniquesIngeniería de sistemasInnovaciones tecnológicasAgriculturaInternetCultivosTécnicas de cultivosProducto agrícolaGranjaRuralColombiaRotación de cultivosIOTBuenas prácticasArquitectura[1] United Nations, “La población mundial sigue en aumento, aunque sea cada vez más vieja | Noticias ONU,” Jun. 17, 2019. https://news.un.org/es/story/2019/06/1457891 (accessed Mar. 25, 2020).[2] Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura - FAO, “Agricultura mundial: Hacia los años 2015/2030,” 2015, [Online]. 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