Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia

Esta revisión documental examina el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia, analizando publicaciones científicas sobre sus aplicaciones terapéuticas, mecanismos de acción y protocolos de implementación. La investigación utiliza un diseño cualitativo de tipo documental, empleando fichas bi...

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Autores:: García Duran, Idy Mariana
Claros Pinilla, Angie Carolina
Cabezas Ramírez, Sebastián Eduardo

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2024

Institución:: Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB

Repositorio:: Repositorio UNAB

Idioma:: spa

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network_acronym_str	UNAB2
network_name_str	Repositorio UNAB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv	Documentary review on the use of psychedelic substances in psychotherapy
title	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
spellingShingle	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia Psychedelics Psychotherapy Documentary review Mystical experiences Ayahuasca Psilocybin Ketamine Treatment Mental disorders Protocols Psychology Personality disorders Mental health Neurobehavioral disorders Anxiety Depression, Mental (Prevention) Psicología Trastornos de la personalidad Salud mental Trastornos neuroconductuales Ansiedad Depresión mental (Prevención) Psicodélicos Psicoterapia Revisión documental Experiencias místicas LSD MDMA Ayahuasca Psilocibina DMT Ketamina Tratamiento Trastornos mentales Protocolos
title_short	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
title_full	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
title_fullStr	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
title_full_unstemmed	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
title_sort	Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	García Duran, Idy Mariana Claros Pinilla, Angie Carolina Cabezas Ramírez, Sebastián Eduardo
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	García Duran, Idy Mariana Claros Pinilla, Angie Carolina Cabezas Ramírez, Sebastián Eduardo
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv	Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia [0000194905]
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv	Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia [0000-0002-2396-4449]
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Vida y Salud Pública
dc.contributor.apolounab.spa.fl_str_mv	Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia [martha-eugenia-ortega-ortiz]
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv	Psychedelics Psychotherapy Documentary review Mystical experiences Ayahuasca Psilocybin Ketamine Treatment Mental disorders Protocols Psychology Personality disorders Mental health Neurobehavioral disorders Anxiety Depression, Mental (Prevention)
topic	Psychedelics Psychotherapy Documentary review Mystical experiences Ayahuasca Psilocybin Ketamine Treatment Mental disorders Protocols Psychology Personality disorders Mental health Neurobehavioral disorders Anxiety Depression, Mental (Prevention) Psicología Trastornos de la personalidad Salud mental Trastornos neuroconductuales Ansiedad Depresión mental (Prevención) Psicodélicos Psicoterapia Revisión documental Experiencias místicas LSD MDMA Ayahuasca Psilocibina DMT Ketamina Tratamiento Trastornos mentales Protocolos
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv	Psicología Trastornos de la personalidad Salud mental Trastornos neuroconductuales Ansiedad Depresión mental (Prevención)
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Psicodélicos Psicoterapia Revisión documental Experiencias místicas LSD MDMA Ayahuasca Psilocibina DMT Ketamina Tratamiento Trastornos mentales Protocolos
description	Esta revisión documental examina el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia, analizando publicaciones científicas sobre sus aplicaciones terapéuticas, mecanismos de acción y protocolos de implementación. La investigación utiliza un diseño cualitativo de tipo documental, empleando fichas bibliográficas como instrumento principal para la recolección y análisis de datos. Los resultados evidencian que los psicodélicos clásicos (LSD, DMT, psilocibina) y el MDMA muestran eficacia terapéutica significativa en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos mentales, particularmente en ansiedad, depresión resistente al tratamiento y TEPT. Los mecanismos de acción identificados involucran principalmente la activación de receptores 5-HT2A, generando cambios en la conectividad cerebral y mayor flexibilidad cognitiva. También, que la eficacia terapéutica depende de la integración de estas sustancias dentro de un protocolo psicoterapéutico estructurado, con fases de preparación, experiencia e integración. A su vez, se identifican vacíos significativos en la investigación, especialmente en el tratamiento de trastornos de la personalidad y efectos del consumo a largo plazo. Se concluye que, aunque los resultados preliminares son prometedores, se requieren estudios más amplios, controlados y longitudinales para establecer protocolos estandarizados y comprender mejor los mecanismos neurobiológicos subyacentes.
publishDate	2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-02T16:14:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-02T16:14:01Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2024-11-22
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de Grado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.hasversion.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27624
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27624
identifier_str_mv	instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
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E., Hofmann, A., & Rätsch, C. (2001). Plants of the gods: Their sacred, healing, and hallucinogenic powers (2nd ed.). Healing Arts Press. Spriggs, M. J., Kettner, H., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2021). Positive effects of psychedelics on depression and wellbeing scores in individuals reporting an eating disorder. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26(4), 1265-1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-01000-8 Stamets, P. (1996). Psilocybin mushrooms of the world: An identification guide. Ten Speed Press. Stevens, J. (1987). Storming heaven: LSD and the American dream. Harper & Row. Studerus, E., Kometer, M., Hasler, F., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2011). Efectos agudos, subagudos y crónicos de la psilocibina en humanos: una actualización. Perspectivas actuales en psicología, 20(4), 297-312. Swanson, R. (2018). Unifying Theories of Psychedelic Drug Effects. Volume 9 – 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00172 Swift, T. C., Belser, A. B., Agin-Liebes, G., Devenot, N., Terrana, S., Friedman, H. L., Guss, J., Bossis, A. P., & Ross, S. (2017). Cancer at the Dinner Table: Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer-Related Distress. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 57(5), 488-519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167817715966 Timmermann, C. (2014). Neurociencias y aplicaciones psicoterapéuticas en el renacimiento de la investigación con psicodélicos. REV CHIL NEURO-PSIQUIAT 2014; 52 (2): 93-102. https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-92272014000200005 Timmermann, C., Zeifman, R.J., Erritzoe, D. et al. Effects of DMT on mental health outcomes in healthy volunteers. Sci Rep 14, 3097 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53363-y Tsang W, Ruffell SG, Netzband N, et al. Can ayahuasca reduce inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity? A pilot study. 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World Psychiatry, 14(3), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20238 Wasson, R. G. (1957). Seeking the magic mushroom. Life, 42(19), 100-120. Watts, R., Day, C., Krzanowski, J., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. (2017). Patients' accounts of increased "connectedness" and "acceptance" after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 57(5), 520–564. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167817709585 Weiss, B., Dinh-Williams, L.-A. L., Beller, N., Raugh, I. M., Strauss, G. P., & Campbell, W. K. (2023, diciembre 7). Ayahuasca in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Mixed-Methods Case Series Evaluation in Military Combat Veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001625 Wilkinson, S. T., Ballard, E. D., Bloch, M. H., Mathew, S. J., Murrough, J. W., Feder, A., ... & Zarate Jr, C. A. (2017). 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spelling	Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia570feabf-051a-49cf-9dd6-43bd0d2b4138García Duran, Idy Mariana60b4daf6-fb56-4c3a-ad5d-af9eea12130cClaros Pinilla, Angie Carolinad48e2110-c20a-4725-b1b1-20a07c8646bbCabezas Ramírez, Sebastián Eduardo44483c07-cb27-4c48-9ca4-3ca70f0193c0Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia [0000194905]Ortega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia [0000-0002-2396-4449]Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Vida y Salud PúblicaOrtega Ortiz, Martha Eugenia [martha-eugenia-ortega-ortiz]ColombiaFebrero a noviembre de 2024UNAB Campus Bucaramanga2024-12-02T16:14:01Z2024-12-02T16:14:01Z2024-11-22http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/27624instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.coEsta revisión documental examina el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapia, analizando publicaciones científicas sobre sus aplicaciones terapéuticas, mecanismos de acción y protocolos de implementación. La investigación utiliza un diseño cualitativo de tipo documental, empleando fichas bibliográficas como instrumento principal para la recolección y análisis de datos. Los resultados evidencian que los psicodélicos clásicos (LSD, DMT, psilocibina) y el MDMA muestran eficacia terapéutica significativa en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos mentales, particularmente en ansiedad, depresión resistente al tratamiento y TEPT. Los mecanismos de acción identificados involucran principalmente la activación de receptores 5-HT2A, generando cambios en la conectividad cerebral y mayor flexibilidad cognitiva. También, que la eficacia terapéutica depende de la integración de estas sustancias dentro de un protocolo psicoterapéutico estructurado, con fases de preparación, experiencia e integración. A su vez, se identifican vacíos significativos en la investigación, especialmente en el tratamiento de trastornos de la personalidad y efectos del consumo a largo plazo. Se concluye que, aunque los resultados preliminares son prometedores, se requieren estudios más amplios, controlados y longitudinales para establecer protocolos estandarizados y comprender mejor los mecanismos neurobiológicos subyacentes.Introducción....................................................................................................8 Planteamiento del problema............................................................................... 10 Justificación..................................................................................................14 Objetivos......................................................................................................17 Objetivo general.....................................................................................17 Objetivos específicos...............................................................................17 Antecedentes.................................................................................................17 Internacionales......................................................................................18 Nacionales...........................................................................................20 Regional..............................................................................................23 Marco conceptual............................................................................................23 Psicodélicos..........................................................................................23 Historia de los psicodélicos...............................................................23 Definición..................................................................................25 Psilocibina.........................................................................26 Dietilamida del ácido lisérgico (LSD).........................................26 Ayahuasca.........................................................................26 Dimetiltriptamina (DMT).......................................................27 3.4-Metilenedioximetanfetamina (MDMA)..................................28 Efectos de los psicodélicos...............................................................29 Usos de los psicodélicos..................................................................34 Experiencias místicas de los psicodélicos..............................................35 Psicoterapia..........................................................................................38 Psicoterapia tradicional...................................................................38 Psicoterapia con psicodélicos............................................................39 Psicodélicos y trastornos clínicos..............................................40 Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC)...............................40 Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)...........................41 Depresión.................................................................42 Ansiedad..................................................................43 Adicciones................................................................44 Trastorno de la conducta alimentaria ................................45 Marco metodológico........................................................................................45 Tipo de investigación..............................................................................45 Diseño de investigación...........................................................................47 Estrategias o instrumentos........................................................................47 Participantes y criterios de elección.............................................................50 Procedimiento.......................................................................................51 Consideraciones éticas.............................................................................52 Plan de análisis de resultados..............................................................................52 Cronograma...................................................................................................54 Resultados....................................................................................................55 Discusión......................................................................................................67 Conclusiones.................................................................................................78 Recomendaciones............................................................................................79 Apéndices.....................................................................................................80 Referencias bibliográficas..................................................................................148PregradoThis documentary review examines the use of psychedelic substances in psychotherapy by analyzing scientific publications on their therapeutic applications, mechanisms of action, and implementation protocols. The research employs a qualitative documentary design, using bibliographic records as the primary instrument for data collection and analysis. Results show that classical psychedelics (LSD, DMT, psilocybin) and MDMA demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in treating various mental disorders, particularly anxiety, treatment-resistant depression, and PTSD. The identified mechanisms of action primarily involve the activation of 5-HT2A receptors, generating changes in brain connectivity and increased cognitive flexibility. The research also indicates that therapeutic efficacy depends on integrating these substances within a structured psychotherapeutic protocol, including preparation, experience, and integration phases. Additionally, significant research gaps were identified, especially regarding the treatment of personality disorders and long-term consumption effects. The study concludes that while preliminary results are promising, more extensive, controlled, and longitudinal studies are needed to establish standardized protocols and better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.Modalidad Presencialapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Revisión documental sobre el uso de sustancias psicodélicas en la psicoterapiaDocumentary review on the use of psychedelic substances in psychotherapyPsicólogoUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias de la SaludPregrado PsicologíaPSI-265info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisTrabajo de Gradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPPsychedelicsPsychotherapyDocumentary reviewMystical experiencesAyahuascaPsilocybinKetamineTreatmentMental disordersProtocolsPsychologyPersonality disordersMental healthNeurobehavioral disordersAnxietyDepression, Mental (Prevention)PsicologíaTrastornos de la personalidadSalud mentalTrastornos neuroconductualesAnsiedadDepresión mental (Prevención)PsicodélicosPsicoterapiaRevisión documentalExperiencias místicasLSDMDMAAyahuascaPsilocibinaDMTKetaminaTratamientoTrastornos mentalesProtocolosAday, J. S., Carpenter, R. W., & Holden, J. E. (2019). Un ensayo aleatorizado de psilocibina para el trastorno de estrés postraumático en veteranos militares. Revista de Psicofarmacología, 33(9), 1063-1071.Aguirre, O. D., Vivas, J. I., & Velasco, R. (2015). Psicodélicos: Perspectivas Clínicas y Neuropsicológicas en el Estudio de las Experiencias Cumbre. Cultura: Lima (Perú), (29), 187-218.Alcohol and Drug Foundation. (7 de diciembre de 2023). What is DMT. https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/dmt/American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Recuperado de https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/Azmoodeh, K., Thomas, E & Kamboj, S. (2022). Meditation Trips: A Thematic Analysis of the Combined Naturalistic Use of Psychedelics With Meditation Practices. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2023, Vol. 31, No. 3, 756–767 ISSN: 1064-1297 https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000617Badilla, B., Badilla, S., Martínez Herrera, M., Quirce Balma, C. M., & Rodríguez, J. M. (2010). The Hallucinogens: their History, Anthropology, Chemistry and Pharmacology. [Los alucinógenos: su historia, antropología, química y farmacología]. Revista no especificada.Baggott MJ, Coyle JR, Siegrist JD, Garrison KJ, Galloway GP, Mendelson JE. Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on socioemotional feelings, authenticity, and autobiographical disclosure in healthy volunteers in a controlled setting. J Psychopharmacol. 2016 Apr;30(4):378-87. doi: 10.1177/0269881115626348. Epub 2016 Feb 15. PMID: 26880224.Balu, D. T., & Lucki, I. (2009). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: its role in anxiety and depression. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(4), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.21Banks, M. I., Dunne, J. D., Hutson, P. R., Krause, B. M., Lennertz, R. C., Nicholas, C. R., Raison, C. L., Riedner, B. A., Roseman, L., Sauder, C. J., Smith, R. F., & Wenthur, C. J. (2024). Co-administration of midazolam and psilocybin: Differential effects on subjective quality versus memory of the psychedelic experience. Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01626-zBarba, T., Kettner, H., Radu, C. et al. Psychedelics and sexual functioning: a mixed-methods study. Sci Rep 14, 2181 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49817-4Barba T, Buehler S, Kettner H, Radu C, Cunha BG, Nutt DJ, Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Carhart-Harris R. Effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression. BJPsych Open. 2022 Sep 6;8(5):e163. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2022.565. PMID: 36065128; PMCID: PMC9534928.Barker, S. A., McIlhenny, E. H., & Strassman, R. (2012). A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955-2010. Drug Testing and Analysis, 4(7-8), 617-635. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.422Barnett, B. S., Srivastava, E. D., Linas, B. S., & Gao, F. (2021). The road ahead for psychedelic health worker education and credentialing. Harm Reduction Journal, 18(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00589-0Barret, F., Johnson, M & Griffiths, R. (2015). Validation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 November; 29(11): 1182–1190. doi:10.1177/0269881115609019Bimonte, G. (2022). Psicología transpersonal y psicodélicos. Colibri. https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12008/36278/1/psicologia_transpersonal _y_psicodelicos_tfg_gonzalo_bimonte.pdfBogenschutz, M. P., & Johnson, M. W. (2016). Classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 64, 250-258.Bogenschutz, M. P. y Johnson, M. W. (2016). 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