Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023

La preocupación actual sobre el estado del medio ambiente y el aumento de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ha llevado al ser humano a buscar soluciones frente a estas problemáticas. A finales de los 90´s, en Alemania, surgió una nueva alternativa frente a las mezclas de concreto asfáltic...

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Autores:
Sánchez Parra , Hector Andrés
Beltrán López , Nataly
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
Repositorio:
RIUD: repositorio U. Distrital
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udistrital.edu.co:11349/41893
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/11349/41893
Palabra clave:
Mezclas
Mezclas asfalticas tibias
MAT
Ingeniería Topográfica -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Tecnología de pavimentos
Agregado de concreto reciclado (ACR)
Calidad y durabilidad del asfalto
Warm Mix Asphalt
Mixtures
WMA
Rights
License
Abierto (Texto Completo)
id UDISTRITA2_e76c8bdf2e86b94a6b95e1bfb05657d4
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.udistrital.edu.co:11349/41893
network_acronym_str UDISTRITA2
network_name_str RIUD: repositorio U. Distrital
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
dc.title.titleenglish.none.fl_str_mv State of knowledge about warm asphalt mixtures. Case study period 2014-2023
title Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
spellingShingle Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
Mezclas
Mezclas asfalticas tibias
MAT
Ingeniería Topográfica -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Tecnología de pavimentos
Agregado de concreto reciclado (ACR)
Calidad y durabilidad del asfalto
Warm Mix Asphalt
Mixtures
WMA
title_short Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
title_full Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
title_fullStr Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
title_full_unstemmed Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
title_sort Estado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sánchez Parra , Hector Andrés
Beltrán López , Nataly
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Rondón Quintana, Hugo Alexander
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Parra , Hector Andrés
Beltrán López , Nataly
dc.contributor.orcid.none.fl_str_mv Rondón Quintana, Hugo Alexander [0000-0003-2946-9411]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Mezclas
Mezclas asfalticas tibias
MAT
topic Mezclas
Mezclas asfalticas tibias
MAT
Ingeniería Topográfica -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Tecnología de pavimentos
Agregado de concreto reciclado (ACR)
Calidad y durabilidad del asfalto
Warm Mix Asphalt
Mixtures
WMA
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniería Topográfica -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Tecnología de pavimentos
Agregado de concreto reciclado (ACR)
Calidad y durabilidad del asfalto
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Warm Mix Asphalt
Mixtures
WMA
description La preocupación actual sobre el estado del medio ambiente y el aumento de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ha llevado al ser humano a buscar soluciones frente a estas problemáticas. A finales de los 90´s, en Alemania, surgió una nueva alternativa frente a las mezclas de concreto asfálticos, que busca combinar las ventajas técnicas ofrecidas por las mezclas asfálticas en caliente y las características ambientales de las mezclas en frío. Esta tecnología es conocida internacionalmente como mezcla asfáltica tibia (MAT) (conocida ampliamente en el mundo por sus siglas en inglés como WMA-Warm Mix Asphalt). El objetivo principal de las MAT es lograr disminuir las temperaturas de fabricación y compactación respecto a una mezcla asfáltica en caliente sin comprometer la calidad, el desempeño y la durabilidad del producto asfáltico resultante. Los grupos TOPOVIAL y GIIAUD Centro de Estudios en Pavimentos y Materiales Sostenibles de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, realizaron un proyecto de investigación denominado “Desarrollo de una Mezcla Asfáltica Tibia bajo Criterios Técnicos y Medioambientales” (Convocatoria CIDC 014 de 2013) del cual se obtuvo un estado del conocimiento sobre MAT hasta el año 2013 (Rondón et al. 2013). Actualmente, los grupos de investigación TOPOVIAL y Centro de Estudios en Pavimentos y Materiales Sostenibles (adscritos al Proyecto Curricular de Ingeniería Topográfica) están realizando un proyecto similar en el que el agregado pétreo de origen natural se reemplazará por agregado de concreto reciclado (ACR) para desarrollar una MAT más amigable con el medio ambiente. Este proyecto de investigación se titula “Desarrollo de una Mezcla Asfáltica Tibia (MAT) con Agregado de Concreto Reciclado (ACR)” y es financiado por la Universidad Distrital mediante Convocatoria pública CIDC 01 de 2023. Dentro de las actividades de formación de la convocatoria mencionada se vincularán dos estudiantes de pregrado como auxiliares de investigación que apoyen el desarrollo del proyecto, específicamente en temas asociados a la revisión bibliográfica sobre MAT. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal actualizar el estado del conocimiento referente a las MAT desde el año 2014 hasta el 2023. La información que se revisará y analizará provendrá de los sitios web académicos y científicos más importantes a nivel mundial (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ASCE, IEEE Xplore, entre otros). Con los documentos mencionados se construirá una base de datos, la cual se utilizará para crear el estado del conocimiento actualizado a la fecha del proyecto de investigación en desarrollo. Los resultados obtenidos del presente trabajo de investigación serán fuente de consulta para académicos, estudiantes e investigadores del área de los pavimentos.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-22T17:53:07Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-22T17:53:07Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-18
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.degree.none.fl_str_mv Investigación-Innovación
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11349/41893
url http://hdl.handle.net/11349/41893
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
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Topal, A., Sengoz, B., Kok, B. V., Yilmaz, M., Dokandari, P. A., Oner, J., & Kaya, D. (2014). Evaluation of mixture characteristics of warm mix asphalt involving natural and synthetic zeolite additives. Construction and Building Materials, 57, 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.093
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spelling Rondón Quintana, Hugo AlexanderSánchez Parra , Hector AndrésBeltrán López , NatalyRondón Quintana, Hugo Alexander [0000-0003-2946-9411]2024-10-22T17:53:07Z2024-10-22T17:53:07Z2024-09-18http://hdl.handle.net/11349/41893La preocupación actual sobre el estado del medio ambiente y el aumento de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ha llevado al ser humano a buscar soluciones frente a estas problemáticas. A finales de los 90´s, en Alemania, surgió una nueva alternativa frente a las mezclas de concreto asfálticos, que busca combinar las ventajas técnicas ofrecidas por las mezclas asfálticas en caliente y las características ambientales de las mezclas en frío. Esta tecnología es conocida internacionalmente como mezcla asfáltica tibia (MAT) (conocida ampliamente en el mundo por sus siglas en inglés como WMA-Warm Mix Asphalt). El objetivo principal de las MAT es lograr disminuir las temperaturas de fabricación y compactación respecto a una mezcla asfáltica en caliente sin comprometer la calidad, el desempeño y la durabilidad del producto asfáltico resultante. Los grupos TOPOVIAL y GIIAUD Centro de Estudios en Pavimentos y Materiales Sostenibles de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, realizaron un proyecto de investigación denominado “Desarrollo de una Mezcla Asfáltica Tibia bajo Criterios Técnicos y Medioambientales” (Convocatoria CIDC 014 de 2013) del cual se obtuvo un estado del conocimiento sobre MAT hasta el año 2013 (Rondón et al. 2013). Actualmente, los grupos de investigación TOPOVIAL y Centro de Estudios en Pavimentos y Materiales Sostenibles (adscritos al Proyecto Curricular de Ingeniería Topográfica) están realizando un proyecto similar en el que el agregado pétreo de origen natural se reemplazará por agregado de concreto reciclado (ACR) para desarrollar una MAT más amigable con el medio ambiente. Este proyecto de investigación se titula “Desarrollo de una Mezcla Asfáltica Tibia (MAT) con Agregado de Concreto Reciclado (ACR)” y es financiado por la Universidad Distrital mediante Convocatoria pública CIDC 01 de 2023. Dentro de las actividades de formación de la convocatoria mencionada se vincularán dos estudiantes de pregrado como auxiliares de investigación que apoyen el desarrollo del proyecto, específicamente en temas asociados a la revisión bibliográfica sobre MAT. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal actualizar el estado del conocimiento referente a las MAT desde el año 2014 hasta el 2023. La información que se revisará y analizará provendrá de los sitios web académicos y científicos más importantes a nivel mundial (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ASCE, IEEE Xplore, entre otros). Con los documentos mencionados se construirá una base de datos, la cual se utilizará para crear el estado del conocimiento actualizado a la fecha del proyecto de investigación en desarrollo. Los resultados obtenidos del presente trabajo de investigación serán fuente de consulta para académicos, estudiantes e investigadores del área de los pavimentos.The current concern about the state of the environment and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in winter has led humans to seek solutions to these problems. In the late 1990s, a new alternative to asphalt concrete mixes emerged in Germany, which seeks to combine the technical advantages offered by hot mix asphalt and the environmental characteristics of cold mix asphalt. This technology is known internationally as warm mix asphalt (WMA) (widely known worldwide by its acronym in English as WMA - Warm Mix Asphalt). The main objective of WMA is to reduce the manufacturing and compaction temperatures of a hot mix asphalt without compromising the quality, performance and durability of the resulting asphalt product. The TOPOVIAL and GIIAUD groups, Center for Studies in Sustainable Pavements and Materials of the Francisco José de Caldas District University, carried out a research project called development of a Warm Asphalt Mix under Technical and Environmental Criteria" (Call CIDC 014 of 2013), from which a state of knowledge on MAT was obtained up to 2013 (Rondón et al. 2013). Currently, the TOPOVIAL and Center for Studies in Sustainable Pavements and Materials research groups (attached to the Topographic Engineering Curricular Project) are carrying out a similar project in which natural stone aggregate will be replaced by recycled concrete aggregate (ACR) to develop a more environmentally friendly MAT. This research project is entitled “Development of a Warm Asphalt Mix (MAT) with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (ACR)” and is funded by the Universidad Distrital through the public call CIDC 01 of 2023. Within the training activities of the aforementioned call, graduate students will be linked as research assistants to support the development of the project, specifically on topics associated with the bibliographic review on MAT. The main objective of this study is to update the state of knowledge regarding MAT from 2014 to 2023. The information that will be reviewed and analyzed will come from the most important academic and scientific websites worldwide (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ASCE, IEEE Xplore, among others). With the aforementioned documents, a database will be built, which will be used to create the updated state of knowledge at the end of the ongoing research project. The results obtained from this research work will be a source of reference for academics, students and researchers in the area of ​​pavements.pdfspaUniversidad Distrital Francisco José de CaldasMezclasMezclas asfalticas tibiasMATIngeniería Topográfica -- Tesis y disertaciones académicasEmisiones de gases de efecto invernaderoTecnología de pavimentosAgregado de concreto reciclado (ACR)Calidad y durabilidad del asfaltoWarm Mix AsphaltMixturesWMAEstado del conocimiento sobre mezclas asfálticas tibias. Caso de estudio periodo 2014-2023State of knowledge about warm asphalt mixtures. Case study period 2014-2023bachelorThesisInvestigación-Innovacióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fAbierto (Texto Completo)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Abed, A., Thom, N., & Grenfell, J. (2019). A novel approach for rational determination of warm mix asphalt production temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, 200, 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.082Ahmed, T. A., Lee, H. D., & Williams, R. C. (2018). Using a modified asphalt bond strength test to investigate the properties of asphalt binders with polyethylene wax-based warm mix asphalt additive. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.08.004Ai, C., Li, Q. J., & Qiu, Y. (2015). Testing and assessing the performance of a new warm mix asphalt with SMC. 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