On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality

ABSTRACT: This article examines the aggregate implications of several policies aimed at removing barriers to formality. To this end, we build a dynamic equilibrium model in which heterogeneous agents choose to work for a wage or operate a technology in the formal or informal sector, based on the cos...

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Autores:
Granda Carvajal, Catalina
Hamann, Franz
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad de Antioquia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UdeA
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/14448
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/10495/14448
Palabra clave:
Economía informal
Informal sector (Economics)
Impuestos
Taxes
Política laboral
Labour policy
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)
id UDEA2_1fbd51af6d6131a1ceaa6168bf58efba
oai_identifier_str oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/14448
network_acronym_str UDEA2
network_name_str Repositorio UdeA
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
title On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
spellingShingle On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
Economía informal
Informal sector (Economics)
Impuestos
Taxes
Política laboral
Labour policy
title_short On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
title_full On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
title_fullStr On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
title_full_unstemmed On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
title_sort On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to Formality
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Granda Carvajal, Catalina
Hamann, Franz
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Granda Carvajal, Catalina
Hamann, Franz
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Economía informal
Informal sector (Economics)
topic Economía informal
Informal sector (Economics)
Impuestos
Taxes
Política laboral
Labour policy
dc.subject.ocde.none.fl_str_mv Impuestos
Taxes
Política laboral
Labour policy
description ABSTRACT: This article examines the aggregate implications of several policies aimed at removing barriers to formality. To this end, we build a dynamic equilibrium model in which heterogeneous agents choose to work for a wage or operate a technology in the formal or informal sector, based on the costs and benefits associated with these occupational choices. Formality entails compliance with taxes, a minimum wage scheme, and firm operation costs but has a productivity advantage stemming from access to external finance and legal enforcement mechanisms. Informal activities avoid taxes and regulations without detection or punishment. The simulation results suggest that eliminating formal operation fees leads to firm formalization, earnings redistribution, and increases in total factor productivity and welfare. In addition, eliminating the income tax reduces labor informality. These two policies, taken together, generate full formalization and gains in redistribution, efficiency, and welfare that are even greater than when all the barriers to formality are jointly removed. In contrast, eliminating the minimum wage has strong adverse effects on labor formalization and little impact on productivity. Elimi¬nating the payroll tax leaves the occupational composition nearly unchanged and productivity and welfare as well.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-05-19T18:10:40Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-05-19T18:10:40Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de investigación
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10495/14448
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv doi.org/10.20955/r.102.203-20
url http://hdl.handle.net/10495/14448
identifier_str_mv doi.org/10.20955/r.102.203-20
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Estados Unidos
institution Universidad de Antioquia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv http://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/14448/3/license.txt
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Antioquia
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spelling Granda Carvajal, CatalinaHamann, Franz2020-05-19T18:10:40Z2020-05-19T18:10:40Z2020http://hdl.handle.net/10495/14448doi.org/10.20955/r.102.203-20ABSTRACT: This article examines the aggregate implications of several policies aimed at removing barriers to formality. To this end, we build a dynamic equilibrium model in which heterogeneous agents choose to work for a wage or operate a technology in the formal or informal sector, based on the costs and benefits associated with these occupational choices. Formality entails compliance with taxes, a minimum wage scheme, and firm operation costs but has a productivity advantage stemming from access to external finance and legal enforcement mechanisms. Informal activities avoid taxes and regulations without detection or punishment. The simulation results suggest that eliminating formal operation fees leads to firm formalization, earnings redistribution, and increases in total factor productivity and welfare. In addition, eliminating the income tax reduces labor informality. These two policies, taken together, generate full formalization and gains in redistribution, efficiency, and welfare that are even greater than when all the barriers to formality are jointly removed. In contrast, eliminating the minimum wage has strong adverse effects on labor formalization and little impact on productivity. Elimi¬nating the payroll tax leaves the occupational composition nearly unchanged and productivity and welfare as well.application/pdfengFederal Reserve Bank of St. LouisEstados Unidosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTArtículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/On the Aggregate Implications of Removing Barriers to FormalityEconomía informalInformal sector (Economics)ImpuestosTaxesPolítica laboralLabour policyFederal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ReviewLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/14448/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8823http://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/14448/2/license_rdfb88b088d9957e670ce3b3fbe2eedbc13MD52ORIGINALGrandaCarvajalCatalina_2020-AggregateImplicationsRemoving.pdfGrandaCarvajalCatalina_2020-AggregateImplicationsRemoving.pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf374774http://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstream/10495/14448/1/GrandaCarvajalCatalina_2020-AggregateImplicationsRemoving.pdf0dc243097459230d5720855b70b8d3d3MD5110495/14448oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/144482021-06-03 21:31:01.692Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Antioquiaandres.perez@udea.edu.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