Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante

Duguetia es un género de plantas perteneciente a la familia Annonaceae. Comprende alrededor de 100 especies, de las cuales, 28 se reportan en regiones pantropicales de Colombia. Varios de sus miembros son reconocidos por sus propiedades antioxidantes. Duguetia vallicola, popularmente conocida como “...

Full description

Autores:
Padron Calderon, Jose Raul
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad de Córdoba
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/8645
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8645
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidantes
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS
Alcaloides
Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidants
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS/MS,
Alkaloids
Rights
embargoedAccess
License
Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2024
id UCORDOBA2_f212edcbc4e488d28288836f9f099e72
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/8645
network_acronym_str UCORDOBA2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
title Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
spellingShingle Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidantes
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS
Alcaloides
Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidants
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS/MS,
Alkaloids
title_short Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
title_full Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
title_fullStr Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
title_full_unstemmed Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
title_sort Estudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Padron Calderon, Jose Raul
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Angulo Ortiz, Alberto Antonio
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Padron Calderon, Jose Raul
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Valle Zapata, Hernan Alonso
Marin Severiche, Fernis Jose
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidantes
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS
Alcaloides
topic Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidantes
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS
Alcaloides
Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidants
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS/MS,
Alkaloids
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv Duguetia
Annonaceae
Antioxidants
UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS/MS,
Alkaloids
description Duguetia es un género de plantas perteneciente a la familia Annonaceae. Comprende alrededor de 100 especies, de las cuales, 28 se reportan en regiones pantropicales de Colombia. Varios de sus miembros son reconocidos por sus propiedades antioxidantes. Duguetia vallicola, popularmente conocida como “yaya” es un árbol que crece en el norte de Colombia. De esta especie se han aislado alcaloides de tipo aporfínico en hojas y tallo, con actividad antiplasmodial frente a Plasmodium falciparum. En este trabajo se planteó como objetivo evaluar la composición química del extracto etanólico de la corteza y su actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante. La metodología consistió inicialmente en una marcha fitoquímica preliminar, para luego continuar con experimentos utilizando cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS). La actividad antioxidante se realizó evaluando la capacidad captadora de radicales libres, utilizando los métodos de DPPH y ABTS. La actividad antimicrobiana se realizó frente a aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, por el método de microdilución. La evaluación fitoquímica permitió detectar la presencia de alcaloides, esteroides, triterpenoides y flavonoides, mientras que la medición de la actividad antioxidante del extracto presentó resultados satisfactorios frente al radical DPPH● y radical catiónico ABTS con valores de concentración de inhibición media máxima (IC50) 36,712ppm y 19.659 ppm respectivamente. Los experimentos por UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS, permitieron construir el perfil químico del extracto de corteza de D. vallicola, mediante las bases de datos Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) y la base de datos IQAMDB (IsoQuinolineand Annonaceous Metabolites Data Base) a partir del cual se construyó una red molecular relacionando la masa de cada uno de los compuestos
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-26T21:30:22Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-26T21:30:22Z
2025-08-26
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-26
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8645
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8645
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Alves, D. S., Costa, V. A., Machado, A. R. T., Oliveira, D. F., & Carvalho, G. A. (2020). Duguetia lanceolata A. St.-Hil. Stem bark produces phenylpropanoids lethal to Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104965
Arango, O., Pérez, E., Granados, H., Rojano, B., & Sáez, J. (2004). inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica y capacidad atrapadora de radicales libres de alcaloides aislados de dos annonaceae, Xylopia amazonica cf. Y Duguetia vallicola inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging capacity of alkaloids isolated from two annonaceae, Xylopia amazonica cf. AND Duguetia vallicola. In Actual Biol (Vol. 26, Issue 81).
Boruta, T. (2021). A bioprocess perspective on the production of secondary metabolites by Streptomyces in submerged co-cultures. In World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Vol. 37, Issue 10). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03141-z
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity (Vol. 28).
Brastianos, H. C., Sturgeon, C. M., Roberge, M., & Andersen, R. J. (2007). Inhibition of the G2 DNA damage checkpoint by oliveroline isolated from Duguetia odorata. Journal of Natural Products, 70(2), 287–288. https://doi.org/10.1021/np060285e
Bévalot, F., L. M., & C. A. (1976). Pachypodanthine, a new aporphine alkaloid from pachypodanthium-staudtii engl and diels, Annonaceae. 17, 865–868. Carollo, C. A., De Siqueira, J. M., Garcez, W. S., Diniz, R., & Fernandes, N. G. (2006). N-Nitrosoanonaine and N-nitrosoxylopine, aporphine alkaloids from Duguetia furfuracea. Journal of Natural Products, 69(8), 1222–1224. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0600191
Casagrande, C. & G. F. (1970). tudies in aporphine alkaloids 1. Alkaloids of a Brazilian Duguetia. Farmaco 25(6), 442-448
Cavé, A., Kunesch, N., Leboeuf, M., Bévalot, F., Chiaroni, A., & Riche, C, A. (1980). Alcaloides des annonacees XXV: la staudine, nouvel alcaloide isoquinoleique du Pachypodanthium staudtii Engl. et Diels. Journal of Natural Products, 41, 103–111.
Cave, A. (1985). The Chemistry and Biology of Isoquinoline Alkaloids - Annonaceae Alkaloids. In The Chemistry and Biology of Isoquinoline Alkaloids (pp. 79–101).
Dantas, E. P., Monteiro, J., de Medeiros, L. S., Romanelli, M. M., Amaral, M., Tempone, A. G., Lago, J. H. G., Soares, M. G., & Sartorelli, P. (2020). Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31(9), 1908–1916. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200089
Debourges, D., Roblot, F., Hocquemiller, R., & Cavé, A. (1987). Alcaloïdes des Annonacées, 77. Alcaloïdes de Duguetia spixiana. Journal of Natural Products, 50(4), 664-673.
do Santos, R. C., de Souza, A. V., Andrade-Silva, M., Vera Cruz, karoliny C., Leite Kassuya, C. A., Lima Cardoso, C. A., Vieira, M. do C., & Nazari Formagio, A. S. (2018). Antioxidant, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory investigation of extract and dicentrinone from Duguetia furfuracea (A. St.-Hil.) Benth. & Hook. f. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.019
Domingues, V. de C., Ribeiro, L. do P., Gonçalves, G. L. P., Forim, M. R., da Silva, M. F. das G. F., Fernandes, J. B., & Vendramim, J. D. (2020). Grain-protectant compounds from Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) derivatives: Bioassay-guided searching and toxicity against the maize weevil. Journal of Stored Products Research, 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.101549
Eduardo Costa Vieira Lemos, D., Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva, L., de Almeida Lima, É., Francisco Alves, A., Silvia Suassuna Carneiro Lúcio, A., Maria Barbosa-Filho, J., & Rodrigues Mascarenhas, S. (2017). Anti-inflammatory Effect of Discretamine, a Protoberberine Alkaloid Isolated from Duguetia moricandiana.
Fuentes, L. L., Contreras, O. I., Angulo, A. A., & Contreras M, O. I. (2021). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from Duguetia vallicola j.f. Macbr. Annonaceae (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Fechine, I. M., Lima, M. A., Navarro, V. R., Da Cunha, E. V. L., Silva, M. S., Barbosa-Filho, J. M., & Maia, J. G. S. (2002). Alcalóides de Duguetia trunciflora Maas (Annonaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 12, 17-19
Gilbert, M. T. (1987). Introduction. In High Performance Liquid Chromatography (pp. 1–4). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7236-0897-4.50007-0
J. Orlando Rangel Ch. (2012). COLOMBIA DIVERSIDAD BIÓTICA XII La región Caribe de Colombia.
Kitson, F. G., Larsen, B. S., & McEwen, C. N. (1996). What Is GC/MS Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012483385-2/50002-6
Kwiek, J. J., Haystead, T. A. J., & Rudolph, J. (2004). Kinetic Mechanism of Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 and Its Inhibition by the Antimalarial Quinolines. Biochemistry, 43(15), 4538–4547. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi035923w
Almeida, J. R. G. S., De Lima, J. T., De Oliveira, H. R., De Oliveira, M. R., Meira, P. R. M., Lcio, A. S. S. C., Barbosa Filho, J. M., & Quintans Jnior, L. J. (2011). Antinociceptive activity of discretamine isolated from Duguetia moricandiana. Natural Product Research, 25(20), 1908–1915. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.491227
Leboeuf, M., Cave, A., Bhaumik, P. K., Mukherjee, B., & Mukherjeets, R. (1982). THE PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ANNONACEAE. In Phytochemistry (Vol. 21, Issue 12).
Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002
Maas, P. J. M. (2003). Duguetia (Annonaceae). Published for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden.
Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Rainer, H., Lobão, A. Q., & Erkens, R. H. J. (2011). An updated index to genera, species, and infraspecific taxa of Neotropical Annonaceae. Nordic Journal of Botany, 29(3), 257–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01092.x
Martha Lucia Ruiz Benitez. (2022). Guía de Determinación de la actividad antioxidante. (Guía de laboratorio). Universidad Simón Bolívar.
Mathouet, H., Elomri, A., Lameiras, P., Daïch, A., & Vérité, P. (2007). An alkaloid, two conjugate sesquiterpenes and a phenylpropanoid from Pachypodanthium confine Engl. and Diels. Phytochemistry, 68(13), 1813–1818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.001
Fuentes, L. L. M. (2020). Química del género Duguetia (Annonaceae). (Proyecto de grado). Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia. Mijares S., F. J., Aymard C., G. A., & Pérez Buitrago, N. (2018). New records for the vascular flora of Colombia present in the Orinoquia and historical review of botanical expeditions to the region. Biota Colombiana, 18(2), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.21068/c2017.v18n02a05
Ngouonpe, A. W., Mbobda, A. S. W., Happi, G. M., Mbiantcha, M., Tatuedom, O. K., Ali, M. S., Lateef, M., Tchouankeu, J. C., & Kouam, S. F. (2019). Natural products from the medicinal plant Duguetia staudtii (Annonaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 83, 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2018.12.015
Organizacion mundual de la salud OMS. (2023). Primera Cumbre Mundial de la OMS sobre Medicina Tradicional. Https://Www.Who.Int/Es/News-Room/Events/Detail/2023/08/17/Default-Calendar/the-First-Who-Traditional-Medicine-Global-Summit.
Organización panamericana de la salud. (n.d.). glosario microorganismo. Https://Www3.Paho.Org/Hq/Index.Php?Option=com_content&view=article&id=10556:2015-Glosario&Itemid=0&lang=es#gsc.Tab=0.
Pachaiappan, R., Nagasathiya, K., Singh, P. K., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Velusamy, P., Ramasamy, K., Velmurugan, D., Kandasamy, R., Ramasamy, P., & Gopinath, S. C. B. (2022). Phytochemical profile of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil: identification of bioactive anti-pathogenic compounds for traditional Siddha formulation. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02951-x
Paz, W. H. P., De Oliveira, R. N., Heerdt, G., Angolini, C. F. F., S. De Medeiros, L., Silva, V. R., Santos, L. S., Soares, M. B. P., Bezerra, D. P., Morgon, N. H., Almeida, J. R. G. S., Da Silva, F. M. A., Costa, E. V., & Koolen, H. H. F. (2019). Structure-Based Molecular Networking for the Target Discovery of Oxahomoaporphine and 8-Oxohomoaporphine Alkaloids from Duguetia surinamensis. Journal of Natural Products, 82(8), 2220–2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00287
Pérez, E. G., & Cassels, B. K. (2010). Alkaloids from the Genus Duguetia. In Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology (Vol. 68, pp. 83–156). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1099-4831(10)06803-3
Pérez, E. G., Sáez, J., & Cassels, B. K. (2005). A convenient, renewable source of the anxiolytic proaporphine alkaloid glaziovine: Duguetia vallicola leaves. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 50(3), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072005000300005
Pérez, E., Sáez, J., Blair, S., Franck, X., & Figadère, B. (2004). Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Duguetia Vallicola Stem Bark with Antiplasmodial Activity. In Letters in Organic Chemistry (Vol. 1).
Rafaela Campostrini Forzza. (2010). Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil. http://books.scielo.org
Roblot, F., Hocquemiller, R., & Cave, A. (1983a). ALCALOIDES DES ANNONACEES, XLIV. ALCALOIDES DE Duguetia obovata. In Journal of Natural Product (Vol. 46, Issue 6).
Venkateswaran, V., Muralidharan, S., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Krishnan, N., Velmurugan, D., & Raman, P. (2022). GC - MS analysis of guttation fluids from selected crop plants. Journal of Crop Improvement, 36(6), 801–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.2018748
Weber, C., & Opatz, T. (2019). Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. In Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology (Vol. 81, pp. 1–114). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.07.001
Zeliger, H. I. (2023). Introduction. Oxidative Stress, 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91890-9.00031-3
ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002
Castro-Moreno, M., & Rosa González-Esquinca, A. (2016). La familia Annonaceae Juss. en México. 10, 71–82. www.mnh.si.edu
Dantas, E. P., Monteiro, J., de Medeiros, L. S., Romanelli, M. M., Amaral, M., Tempone, A. G., Lago, J. H. G., Soares, M. G., & Sartorelli, P. (2020). Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31(9), 1908–1916. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200089
Lima, B. R., Lima, J. M., Maciel, J. B., Valentim, C. Q., Nunomura, R. de C. S., Lima, E. S., Koolen, H. H. F., de Souza, A. D. L., Pinheiro, M. L. B., Cass, Q. B., & da Silva, F. M. A. (2019). Synthesis and Inhibition Evaluation of New Benzyltetrahydroprotoberberine Alkaloids Designed as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00629
Livia Melo Arruda Cunha. (2009). Estudo Fitoquímico e Biológico de Duguetia riparia (Annonaceae)S.
Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002
OMS. (2021). μg/mL OMS. (2023). Primera Cumbre Mundial de la OMS sobre Medicina Tradicional. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/events/detail/2023/08/17/default-calendar/the-first-who-traditional-medicine-global-summit
OPS/OMS. (2018). OPS reafirma la importancia de la medicina tradicional para avanzar hacia la salud universal. https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14382:paho-reaffirms-the-importance-of-traditional-medicine-to-advance-towards-universal-health&Itemid=0&lang=es#gsc.tab=0
Organización mundial de la salud. (2020, August 13). Resistencia a los antimicrobianos. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance#:~:text=La%20OMS%20ha%20declarado%20que,la%20aparici%C3%B3n%20de%20pat%C3%B3genos%20farmacorresistentes.
Universidad de Málaga/SCAI. (2022). Espectrometría de Masas. área de análisis Químico y caracterización de Materiales. https://www.scai.uma.es/areas/aqcm/ems/ems.html
Agnès, S. A., Okpekon, T., Kouadio, Y. A., Jagora, A., Bréard, D., Costa, E. V., da Silva, F. M. A., Koolen, H. H. F., Le Ray-Richomme, A. M., Richomme, P., Champy, P., Beniddir, M. A., & Le Pogam, P. (2022). Implementation of a MS/MS database for isoquinoline alkaloids and other annonaceous metabolites. Scientific Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01345-y
Alvarez-Rivera, G., Ballesteros-Vivas, D., Parada-Alfonso, F., Ibañez, E., & Cifuentes, A. (2019). Recent applications of high resolution mass spectrometry for the characterization of plant natural products. In TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 112, pp. 87–101). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.002
Britto, A. C. S., De Oliveira, A. C. A., Henriques, R. M., Cardoso, G. M. B., Bomfim, D. S., Carvalho, A. A., Moraes, M. O., Pessoa, C., Pinheiro, M. L. B., Costa, E. V., & Bezerra, D. P. (2012). In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the essential oil from the leaves of guatteria friesiana. Planta Medica, 78(5), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1298173
Carvajal, C. C. (2019). REVISTA MEDICINA LEGAL DE COSTA RICA ESPECIES REACTIVAS DEL OXÍGENO: FORMACIÓN, FUNCION Y ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: TRAINING, FUNCTION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. 36(1).
Castañeda-Garzón, S. L., Ligarreto M., G. A., & Miranda-Lasprilla, D. (2016). Evaluación morfológica de una colección in situ de species de la familia Annonaceae en Colombia. Agronomia Colombiana, 34(2), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.54527
Costa, R. G. A., Anunciação, T. A. da, Araujo, M. de S., Souza, C. A., Dias, R. B., Sales, C. B. S., Rocha, C. A. G., Soares, M. B. P., Silva, F. M. A. da, Koolen, H. H. F., Costa, E. V., & Bezerra, D. P. (2020). In vitro and in vivo growth inhibition of human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by Guatteria megalophylla Diels (Annonaceae) leaf essential oil. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109713
Dantas, E. P., Monteiro, J., de Medeiros, L. S., Romanelli, M. M., Amaral, M., Tempone, A. G., Lago, J. H. G., Soares, M. G., & Sartorelli, P. (2020). Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31(9), 1908–1916. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200089
Garagounis, C., Delkis, N., & Papadopoulou, K. K. (2021). Unraveling the roles of plant specialized metabolites: using synthetic biology to design molecular biosensors. In New Phytologist (Vol. 231, Issue 4, pp. 1338–1352). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17470
Gomes, P., Quirós-Guerrero, L., Silva, C., Pamplona, S., Boutin, J. A., Eberlin, M., Wolfender, J. L., & Silva, M. (2021). Feature-based molecular network-guided dereplication of natural bioactive products from leaves of stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) hochr. Metabolites, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050281
I.P.N.I. (2021, May 24). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries e Australian National Botanic Gardens, 2021. Http://Www.Ipni.Org.
Jeniferde carvalho lopes, renato mello-silva. (2014). DIVERSIDADE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS ANNONACEAE DO BRASIL 1 (Vol. 36).
Kachlicki, P., Piasecka, A., Stobiecki, M., & Marczak, Ł. (2016). Structural characterization of flavonoid glycoconjugates and their derivatives with mass spectrometric techniques. In Molecules (Vol. 21, Issue 11). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111494
León-Méndez, Glicerio, ;, Pájaro-Castro, Nerlis, ;, & Granados-Conde, C. (2020). Annonaceae squamosa una fuente de acetogeninas en la actualidad Annonaceae squamosa a source of acetogenins today. Ciencia y Salud Virtual, 12(2), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.22519/21455333.1289
Liu, R., Chou, J., Hou, S., Liu, X., Yu, J., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Liu, L., & Sun, C. (2018). Evaluation of two-step liquid-liquid extraction protocol for untargeted metabolic profiling of serum samples to achieve broader metabolome coverage by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1035, 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.034
Livia Melo Arruda Cunha. (2009). Estudo Fitoquímico e Biológico de Duguetia riparia (Annonaceae)S.
Lobão, A. Q. , L. J. C. , E. R. H. J. , M.-S. I. , P. P. A. F. , S. L. V. , O. M. L. B. , J. D. , M. R. (2020). Annonaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. : : Http:// Floradobrasil.Jbrj.Gov.Br/Reflora/Floradobrasil/FB110219.
Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002
Michopoulos, F., Gika, H., Palachanis, D., Theodoridis, G., & Wilson, I. D. (2015). Solid phase extraction methodology for UPLC-MS based metabolic profiling of urine samples. Electrophoresis, 36(18), 2170–2178. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201500101
Murillo, J. (2001). Las Annonaceae de Colombia. In Biota Colombiana (Vol. 2, Issue 1).
Nothias, L. F., Petras, D., Schmid, R., Dührkop, K., Rainer, J., Sarvepalli, A., Protsyuk, I., Ernst, M., Tsugawa, H., Fleischauer, M., Aicheler, F., Aksenov, A. A., Alka, O., Allard, P. M., Barsch, A., Cachet, X., Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M., Da Silva, R. R., Dang, T., … Dorrestein, P. C. (2020). Feature-based molecular networking in the GNPS analysis environment. Nature Methods, 17(9), 905–908. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0933-6
Paul J. M. Maas, L. Y. Th. W. L. W. C. (2003). Duguetia (Annonaceae). Published for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden
Paz, W. H. P., De Oliveira, R. N., Heerdt, G., Angolini, C. F. F., S. De Medeiros, L., Silva, V. R., Santos, L. S., Soares, M. B. P., Bezerra, D. P., Morgon, N. H., Almeida, J. R. G. S., Da Silva, F. M. A., Costa, E. V, & Koolen, H. H. F. (2019). Structure-Based Molecular Networking for the Target Discovery of Oxahomoaporphine and 8-Oxohomoaporphine Alkaloids from Duguetia surinamensis. Journal of Natural Products, 82(8), 2220–2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00287
Silva, A. F., Rabelo, M. F. R., & Enoque, M. M. (2015). Diversidade de angiospermas e espécies medicinais de uma área de Cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 17(4), 1016–1030. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_115
Tilvi, S., Majik, M. S., & Singh, K. S. (2014). Mass spectrometry for determination of bioactive compounds. In Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 65, pp. 193–218). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63359-0.00008-2
Wang, S., Alseekh, S., Fernie, A. R., & Luo, J. (2019). The Structure and Function of Major Plant Metabolite Modifications. In Molecular Plant (Vol. 12, Issue 7, pp. 899–919). Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.001
Wolfender, J. L., Queiroz, E. F., & Hostettmann, K. (2006). The importance of hyphenated techniques in the discovery of new lead compounds from nature. In Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery (Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 237–260). https://doi.org/10.1517/17460441.1.3.237
Xue, B., Guo, X., Landis, J. B., Sun, M., Tang, C. C., Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. (2020). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Accelerated diversification correlated with functional traits shapes extant diversity of the early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 142(July 2019), 106659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106659
Zhang, A., Sun, H., & Wang, X. (2018). Mass spectrometry-driven drug discovery for development of herbal medicine. In Mass Spectrometry Reviews (Vol. 37, Issue 3, pp. 307–320). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21529
Zhang, A., Sun, H., Yan, G., & Wang, X. (2017). Recent developments and emerging trends of mass spectrometry for herbal ingredients analysis. In TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 94, pp. 70–76). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.007
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2024
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2024
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
eu_rights_str_mv embargoedAccess
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias Básicas
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Química
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
institution Universidad de Córdoba
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/2d491d22-93a1-40c6-88f8-673a2d7606ae/download
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/e929fcc2-2b19-4741-870b-d8a4378fcb25/download
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/9e61af65-571e-40d0-8eb7-bb8056d732e3/download
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/4f9b6a25-9d74-4d2b-a38f-4ffafcb20aa3/download
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/3515ec5a-5a52-4ae5-a80d-1be0d40e28d1/download
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/5b125446-b819-492b-9e5d-808dd3ff9f7f/download
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/7ae3fec2-6e63-47c7-8380-45ecd82ea50e/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683
9b2bef764375f448a6cb94c223c3f6aa
e1b611cde46307c2cd32fef368a960d5
bca2665cb1a845518fb61e422847827e
d5b4dad4fa551bfa00ffedeb17697cff
149b6ab207f84b5456a77aea79858f6d
eb0150d01bf04c7d6dc29bb3e77161f2
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1839636165503746048
spelling Angulo Ortiz, Alberto Antonioc883b19e-071c-4acd-88b6-25cd468736fd-1Padron Calderon, Jose Raul808cf2c6-a0ff-4c15-acae-d78aad559e8c-1Valle Zapata, Hernan Alonso744348e2-deca-4ed4-9b02-05a6766f4f34-1Marin Severiche, Fernis Joseaeae0399-5fcb-446b-9b14-0125aabb97c7-12024-08-26T21:30:22Z2025-08-262024-08-26T21:30:22Z2024-08-26https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8645Universidad de CórdobaRepositorio Universidad de Córdobahttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/Duguetia es un género de plantas perteneciente a la familia Annonaceae. Comprende alrededor de 100 especies, de las cuales, 28 se reportan en regiones pantropicales de Colombia. Varios de sus miembros son reconocidos por sus propiedades antioxidantes. Duguetia vallicola, popularmente conocida como “yaya” es un árbol que crece en el norte de Colombia. De esta especie se han aislado alcaloides de tipo aporfínico en hojas y tallo, con actividad antiplasmodial frente a Plasmodium falciparum. En este trabajo se planteó como objetivo evaluar la composición química del extracto etanólico de la corteza y su actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante. La metodología consistió inicialmente en una marcha fitoquímica preliminar, para luego continuar con experimentos utilizando cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS). La actividad antioxidante se realizó evaluando la capacidad captadora de radicales libres, utilizando los métodos de DPPH y ABTS. La actividad antimicrobiana se realizó frente a aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, por el método de microdilución. La evaluación fitoquímica permitió detectar la presencia de alcaloides, esteroides, triterpenoides y flavonoides, mientras que la medición de la actividad antioxidante del extracto presentó resultados satisfactorios frente al radical DPPH● y radical catiónico ABTS con valores de concentración de inhibición media máxima (IC50) 36,712ppm y 19.659 ppm respectivamente. Los experimentos por UHPLC-QTof-MS/MS, permitieron construir el perfil químico del extracto de corteza de D. vallicola, mediante las bases de datos Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) y la base de datos IQAMDB (IsoQuinolineand Annonaceous Metabolites Data Base) a partir del cual se construyó una red molecular relacionando la masa de cada uno de los compuestosINTRODUCCIONOBJETIVOSOBJETIVO GENERALOBJETIVO ESPECIFICOMARCO TEORICOMETODOLOGIAMUESTRARECOLECCIÓN DE MUESTRA VEGETALELABORACIÓN DE EXTRACTO ETANOLICO DE LA CORTEZA DE DUGUETIA VALLICOLAANÁLISIS Y SEPARACIÓN DE LOS METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOSIDENTIFICACIÓN QUÍMICA DE LOS METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOSPREPARACIÓN DE MUESTRACONDICIONES CROMATOGRÁFICASESPECTROMETRÍA DE MASASEVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTEMÉTODO DEL RADICAL DPPH (2,2-DIFENIL-1-PICRIL-HIDRAZILO)MÉTODO DE RADICAL CATIÓNICO 2,2-AZINO-BIS-3-ETILBENZTIAZOLIN-6-SULFONATO DE AMONIO (ABTS)EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANARESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓNANALSIS FITOQUIMICOANALSIS CROMATOGRAFICOCROMATOGRAFICO EN PLACA DELGADACROMATOGRAFIA EN COLUMNAANÁLSIS DEL PERFIL QUIMICO DEL EXTRACTO DE Duguetia vallicolaANÁLISIS ESPECTROMETRICOS (LC-MS/MS)ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTEMETODO POR EL RADICAL DPPH (2,2-Difenil-1-picrihidrazilo)ENSAYO CON RADICAL CATIONICO (2,2’- azino-bis-(3-etilbenztiazolin-6-sulfonato de amonio)) (ABTS)ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANAPRUEDAD DE SUSCEPTIBILIDADCONCLUSIONESBIBLIOGRAFIAPregradoQuímico(a)Trabajos de Investigación y/o Extensiónapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de CórdobaFacultad de Ciencias BásicasMontería, Córdoba, ColombiaQuímicaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2024https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfEstudio químico del extracto de la corteza de Dguetia vallicola (Annonaceae), actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidanteTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTextAlves, D. S., Costa, V. A., Machado, A. R. T., Oliveira, D. F., & Carvalho, G. A. (2020). Duguetia lanceolata A. St.-Hil. Stem bark produces phenylpropanoids lethal to Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104965Arango, O., Pérez, E., Granados, H., Rojano, B., & Sáez, J. (2004). inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica y capacidad atrapadora de radicales libres de alcaloides aislados de dos annonaceae, Xylopia amazonica cf. Y Duguetia vallicola inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging capacity of alkaloids isolated from two annonaceae, Xylopia amazonica cf. AND Duguetia vallicola. In Actual Biol (Vol. 26, Issue 81).Boruta, T. (2021). A bioprocess perspective on the production of secondary metabolites by Streptomyces in submerged co-cultures. In World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Vol. 37, Issue 10). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03141-zBrand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity (Vol. 28).Brastianos, H. C., Sturgeon, C. M., Roberge, M., & Andersen, R. J. (2007). Inhibition of the G2 DNA damage checkpoint by oliveroline isolated from Duguetia odorata. Journal of Natural Products, 70(2), 287–288. https://doi.org/10.1021/np060285eBévalot, F., L. M., & C. A. (1976). Pachypodanthine, a new aporphine alkaloid from pachypodanthium-staudtii engl and diels, Annonaceae. 17, 865–868. Carollo, C. A., De Siqueira, J. M., Garcez, W. S., Diniz, R., & Fernandes, N. G. (2006). N-Nitrosoanonaine and N-nitrosoxylopine, aporphine alkaloids from Duguetia furfuracea. Journal of Natural Products, 69(8), 1222–1224. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0600191Casagrande, C. & G. F. (1970). tudies in aporphine alkaloids 1. Alkaloids of a Brazilian Duguetia. Farmaco 25(6), 442-448Cavé, A., Kunesch, N., Leboeuf, M., Bévalot, F., Chiaroni, A., & Riche, C, A. (1980). Alcaloides des annonacees XXV: la staudine, nouvel alcaloide isoquinoleique du Pachypodanthium staudtii Engl. et Diels. Journal of Natural Products, 41, 103–111.Cave, A. (1985). The Chemistry and Biology of Isoquinoline Alkaloids - Annonaceae Alkaloids. In The Chemistry and Biology of Isoquinoline Alkaloids (pp. 79–101).Dantas, E. P., Monteiro, J., de Medeiros, L. S., Romanelli, M. M., Amaral, M., Tempone, A. G., Lago, J. H. G., Soares, M. G., & Sartorelli, P. (2020). Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31(9), 1908–1916. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200089Debourges, D., Roblot, F., Hocquemiller, R., & Cavé, A. (1987). Alcaloïdes des Annonacées, 77. Alcaloïdes de Duguetia spixiana. Journal of Natural Products, 50(4), 664-673.do Santos, R. C., de Souza, A. V., Andrade-Silva, M., Vera Cruz, karoliny C., Leite Kassuya, C. A., Lima Cardoso, C. A., Vieira, M. do C., & Nazari Formagio, A. S. (2018). Antioxidant, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory investigation of extract and dicentrinone from Duguetia furfuracea (A. St.-Hil.) Benth. & Hook. f. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.019Domingues, V. de C., Ribeiro, L. do P., Gonçalves, G. L. P., Forim, M. R., da Silva, M. F. das G. F., Fernandes, J. B., & Vendramim, J. D. (2020). Grain-protectant compounds from Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) derivatives: Bioassay-guided searching and toxicity against the maize weevil. Journal of Stored Products Research, 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.101549Eduardo Costa Vieira Lemos, D., Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva, L., de Almeida Lima, É., Francisco Alves, A., Silvia Suassuna Carneiro Lúcio, A., Maria Barbosa-Filho, J., & Rodrigues Mascarenhas, S. (2017). Anti-inflammatory Effect of Discretamine, a Protoberberine Alkaloid Isolated from Duguetia moricandiana.Fuentes, L. L., Contreras, O. I., Angulo, A. A., & Contreras M, O. I. (2021). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from Duguetia vallicola j.f. Macbr. Annonaceae (Vol. 1, Issue 1).Fechine, I. M., Lima, M. A., Navarro, V. R., Da Cunha, E. V. L., Silva, M. S., Barbosa-Filho, J. M., & Maia, J. G. S. (2002). Alcalóides de Duguetia trunciflora Maas (Annonaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 12, 17-19Gilbert, M. T. (1987). Introduction. In High Performance Liquid Chromatography (pp. 1–4). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7236-0897-4.50007-0J. Orlando Rangel Ch. (2012). COLOMBIA DIVERSIDAD BIÓTICA XII La región Caribe de Colombia.Kitson, F. G., Larsen, B. S., & McEwen, C. N. (1996). What Is GC/MS Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012483385-2/50002-6Kwiek, J. J., Haystead, T. A. J., & Rudolph, J. (2004). Kinetic Mechanism of Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 and Its Inhibition by the Antimalarial Quinolines. Biochemistry, 43(15), 4538–4547. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi035923wAlmeida, J. R. G. S., De Lima, J. T., De Oliveira, H. R., De Oliveira, M. R., Meira, P. R. M., Lcio, A. S. S. C., Barbosa Filho, J. M., & Quintans Jnior, L. J. (2011). Antinociceptive activity of discretamine isolated from Duguetia moricandiana. Natural Product Research, 25(20), 1908–1915. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.491227Leboeuf, M., Cave, A., Bhaumik, P. K., Mukherjee, B., & Mukherjeets, R. (1982). THE PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ANNONACEAE. In Phytochemistry (Vol. 21, Issue 12).Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002Maas, P. J. M. (2003). Duguetia (Annonaceae). Published for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden.Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Rainer, H., Lobão, A. Q., & Erkens, R. H. J. (2011). An updated index to genera, species, and infraspecific taxa of Neotropical Annonaceae. Nordic Journal of Botany, 29(3), 257–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01092.xMartha Lucia Ruiz Benitez. (2022). Guía de Determinación de la actividad antioxidante. (Guía de laboratorio). Universidad Simón Bolívar.Mathouet, H., Elomri, A., Lameiras, P., Daïch, A., & Vérité, P. (2007). An alkaloid, two conjugate sesquiterpenes and a phenylpropanoid from Pachypodanthium confine Engl. and Diels. Phytochemistry, 68(13), 1813–1818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.001Fuentes, L. L. M. (2020). Química del género Duguetia (Annonaceae). (Proyecto de grado). Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia. Mijares S., F. J., Aymard C., G. A., & Pérez Buitrago, N. (2018). New records for the vascular flora of Colombia present in the Orinoquia and historical review of botanical expeditions to the region. Biota Colombiana, 18(2), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.21068/c2017.v18n02a05Ngouonpe, A. W., Mbobda, A. S. W., Happi, G. M., Mbiantcha, M., Tatuedom, O. K., Ali, M. S., Lateef, M., Tchouankeu, J. C., & Kouam, S. F. (2019). Natural products from the medicinal plant Duguetia staudtii (Annonaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 83, 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2018.12.015Organizacion mundual de la salud OMS. (2023). Primera Cumbre Mundial de la OMS sobre Medicina Tradicional. Https://Www.Who.Int/Es/News-Room/Events/Detail/2023/08/17/Default-Calendar/the-First-Who-Traditional-Medicine-Global-Summit.Organización panamericana de la salud. (n.d.). glosario microorganismo. Https://Www3.Paho.Org/Hq/Index.Php?Option=com_content&view=article&id=10556:2015-Glosario&Itemid=0&lang=es#gsc.Tab=0.Pachaiappan, R., Nagasathiya, K., Singh, P. K., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Velusamy, P., Ramasamy, K., Velmurugan, D., Kandasamy, R., Ramasamy, P., & Gopinath, S. C. B. (2022). Phytochemical profile of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil: identification of bioactive anti-pathogenic compounds for traditional Siddha formulation. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02951-xPaz, W. H. P., De Oliveira, R. N., Heerdt, G., Angolini, C. F. F., S. De Medeiros, L., Silva, V. R., Santos, L. S., Soares, M. B. P., Bezerra, D. P., Morgon, N. H., Almeida, J. R. G. S., Da Silva, F. M. A., Costa, E. V., & Koolen, H. H. F. (2019). Structure-Based Molecular Networking for the Target Discovery of Oxahomoaporphine and 8-Oxohomoaporphine Alkaloids from Duguetia surinamensis. Journal of Natural Products, 82(8), 2220–2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00287Pérez, E. G., & Cassels, B. K. (2010). Alkaloids from the Genus Duguetia. In Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology (Vol. 68, pp. 83–156). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1099-4831(10)06803-3Pérez, E. G., Sáez, J., & Cassels, B. K. (2005). A convenient, renewable source of the anxiolytic proaporphine alkaloid glaziovine: Duguetia vallicola leaves. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 50(3), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072005000300005Pérez, E., Sáez, J., Blair, S., Franck, X., & Figadère, B. (2004). Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Duguetia Vallicola Stem Bark with Antiplasmodial Activity. In Letters in Organic Chemistry (Vol. 1).Rafaela Campostrini Forzza. (2010). Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil. http://books.scielo.orgRoblot, F., Hocquemiller, R., & Cave, A. (1983a). ALCALOIDES DES ANNONACEES, XLIV. ALCALOIDES DE Duguetia obovata. In Journal of Natural Product (Vol. 46, Issue 6).Venkateswaran, V., Muralidharan, S., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Krishnan, N., Velmurugan, D., & Raman, P. (2022). GC - MS analysis of guttation fluids from selected crop plants. Journal of Crop Improvement, 36(6), 801–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.2018748Weber, C., & Opatz, T. (2019). Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. In Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology (Vol. 81, pp. 1–114). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.07.001Zeliger, H. I. (2023). Introduction. Oxidative Stress, 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91890-9.00031-3ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002Castro-Moreno, M., & Rosa González-Esquinca, A. (2016). La familia Annonaceae Juss. en México. 10, 71–82. www.mnh.si.eduDantas, E. P., Monteiro, J., de Medeiros, L. S., Romanelli, M. M., Amaral, M., Tempone, A. G., Lago, J. H. G., Soares, M. G., & Sartorelli, P. (2020). Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31(9), 1908–1916. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200089Lima, B. R., Lima, J. M., Maciel, J. B., Valentim, C. Q., Nunomura, R. de C. S., Lima, E. S., Koolen, H. H. F., de Souza, A. D. L., Pinheiro, M. L. B., Cass, Q. B., & da Silva, F. M. A. (2019). Synthesis and Inhibition Evaluation of New Benzyltetrahydroprotoberberine Alkaloids Designed as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00629Livia Melo Arruda Cunha. (2009). Estudo Fitoquímico e Biológico de Duguetia riparia (Annonaceae)S.Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002OMS. (2021). μg/mL OMS. (2023). Primera Cumbre Mundial de la OMS sobre Medicina Tradicional. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/events/detail/2023/08/17/default-calendar/the-first-who-traditional-medicine-global-summitOPS/OMS. (2018). OPS reafirma la importancia de la medicina tradicional para avanzar hacia la salud universal. https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14382:paho-reaffirms-the-importance-of-traditional-medicine-to-advance-towards-universal-health&Itemid=0&lang=es#gsc.tab=0Organización mundial de la salud. (2020, August 13). Resistencia a los antimicrobianos. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance#:~:text=La%20OMS%20ha%20declarado%20que,la%20aparici%C3%B3n%20de%20pat%C3%B3genos%20farmacorresistentes.Universidad de Málaga/SCAI. (2022). Espectrometría de Masas. área de análisis Químico y caracterización de Materiales. https://www.scai.uma.es/areas/aqcm/ems/ems.htmlAgnès, S. A., Okpekon, T., Kouadio, Y. A., Jagora, A., Bréard, D., Costa, E. V., da Silva, F. M. A., Koolen, H. H. F., Le Ray-Richomme, A. M., Richomme, P., Champy, P., Beniddir, M. A., & Le Pogam, P. (2022). Implementation of a MS/MS database for isoquinoline alkaloids and other annonaceous metabolites. Scientific Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01345-yAlvarez-Rivera, G., Ballesteros-Vivas, D., Parada-Alfonso, F., Ibañez, E., & Cifuentes, A. (2019). Recent applications of high resolution mass spectrometry for the characterization of plant natural products. In TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 112, pp. 87–101). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.002Britto, A. C. S., De Oliveira, A. C. A., Henriques, R. M., Cardoso, G. M. B., Bomfim, D. S., Carvalho, A. A., Moraes, M. O., Pessoa, C., Pinheiro, M. L. B., Costa, E. V., & Bezerra, D. P. (2012). In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the essential oil from the leaves of guatteria friesiana. Planta Medica, 78(5), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1298173Carvajal, C. C. (2019). REVISTA MEDICINA LEGAL DE COSTA RICA ESPECIES REACTIVAS DEL OXÍGENO: FORMACIÓN, FUNCION Y ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: TRAINING, FUNCTION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. 36(1).Castañeda-Garzón, S. L., Ligarreto M., G. A., & Miranda-Lasprilla, D. (2016). Evaluación morfológica de una colección in situ de species de la familia Annonaceae en Colombia. Agronomia Colombiana, 34(2), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.54527Costa, R. G. A., Anunciação, T. A. da, Araujo, M. de S., Souza, C. A., Dias, R. B., Sales, C. B. S., Rocha, C. A. G., Soares, M. B. P., Silva, F. M. A. da, Koolen, H. H. F., Costa, E. V., & Bezerra, D. P. (2020). In vitro and in vivo growth inhibition of human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by Guatteria megalophylla Diels (Annonaceae) leaf essential oil. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109713Dantas, E. P., Monteiro, J., de Medeiros, L. S., Romanelli, M. M., Amaral, M., Tempone, A. G., Lago, J. H. G., Soares, M. G., & Sartorelli, P. (2020). Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31(9), 1908–1916. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200089Garagounis, C., Delkis, N., & Papadopoulou, K. K. (2021). Unraveling the roles of plant specialized metabolites: using synthetic biology to design molecular biosensors. In New Phytologist (Vol. 231, Issue 4, pp. 1338–1352). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17470Gomes, P., Quirós-Guerrero, L., Silva, C., Pamplona, S., Boutin, J. A., Eberlin, M., Wolfender, J. L., & Silva, M. (2021). Feature-based molecular network-guided dereplication of natural bioactive products from leaves of stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) hochr. Metabolites, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050281I.P.N.I. (2021, May 24). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries e Australian National Botanic Gardens, 2021. Http://Www.Ipni.Org.Jeniferde carvalho lopes, renato mello-silva. (2014). DIVERSIDADE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS ANNONACEAE DO BRASIL 1 (Vol. 36).Kachlicki, P., Piasecka, A., Stobiecki, M., & Marczak, Ł. (2016). Structural characterization of flavonoid glycoconjugates and their derivatives with mass spectrometric techniques. In Molecules (Vol. 21, Issue 11). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111494León-Méndez, Glicerio, ;, Pájaro-Castro, Nerlis, ;, & Granados-Conde, C. (2020). Annonaceae squamosa una fuente de acetogeninas en la actualidad Annonaceae squamosa a source of acetogenins today. Ciencia y Salud Virtual, 12(2), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.22519/21455333.1289Liu, R., Chou, J., Hou, S., Liu, X., Yu, J., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Liu, L., & Sun, C. (2018). Evaluation of two-step liquid-liquid extraction protocol for untargeted metabolic profiling of serum samples to achieve broader metabolome coverage by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1035, 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.034Livia Melo Arruda Cunha. (2009). Estudo Fitoquímico e Biológico de Duguetia riparia (Annonaceae)S.Lobão, A. Q. , L. J. C. , E. R. H. J. , M.-S. I. , P. P. A. F. , S. L. V. , O. M. L. B. , J. D. , M. R. (2020). Annonaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. : : Http:// Floradobrasil.Jbrj.Gov.Br/Reflora/Floradobrasil/FB110219.Lúcio, A. S. S. C., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., da-Cunha, E. V. L., Tavares, J. F., & Barbosa Filho, J. M. (2015). Alkaloids of the Annonaceae: Occurrence and a Compilation of Their Biological Activities. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 74, 233–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.09.002Michopoulos, F., Gika, H., Palachanis, D., Theodoridis, G., & Wilson, I. D. (2015). Solid phase extraction methodology for UPLC-MS based metabolic profiling of urine samples. Electrophoresis, 36(18), 2170–2178. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201500101Murillo, J. (2001). Las Annonaceae de Colombia. In Biota Colombiana (Vol. 2, Issue 1).Nothias, L. F., Petras, D., Schmid, R., Dührkop, K., Rainer, J., Sarvepalli, A., Protsyuk, I., Ernst, M., Tsugawa, H., Fleischauer, M., Aicheler, F., Aksenov, A. A., Alka, O., Allard, P. M., Barsch, A., Cachet, X., Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M., Da Silva, R. R., Dang, T., … Dorrestein, P. C. (2020). Feature-based molecular networking in the GNPS analysis environment. Nature Methods, 17(9), 905–908. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0933-6Paul J. M. Maas, L. Y. Th. W. L. W. C. (2003). Duguetia (Annonaceae). Published for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical GardenPaz, W. H. P., De Oliveira, R. N., Heerdt, G., Angolini, C. F. F., S. De Medeiros, L., Silva, V. R., Santos, L. S., Soares, M. B. P., Bezerra, D. P., Morgon, N. H., Almeida, J. R. G. S., Da Silva, F. M. A., Costa, E. V, & Koolen, H. H. F. (2019). Structure-Based Molecular Networking for the Target Discovery of Oxahomoaporphine and 8-Oxohomoaporphine Alkaloids from Duguetia surinamensis. Journal of Natural Products, 82(8), 2220–2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00287Silva, A. F., Rabelo, M. F. R., & Enoque, M. M. (2015). Diversidade de angiospermas e espécies medicinais de uma área de Cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 17(4), 1016–1030. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_115Tilvi, S., Majik, M. S., & Singh, K. S. (2014). Mass spectrometry for determination of bioactive compounds. In Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 65, pp. 193–218). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63359-0.00008-2Wang, S., Alseekh, S., Fernie, A. R., & Luo, J. (2019). The Structure and Function of Major Plant Metabolite Modifications. In Molecular Plant (Vol. 12, Issue 7, pp. 899–919). Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.001Wolfender, J. L., Queiroz, E. F., & Hostettmann, K. (2006). The importance of hyphenated techniques in the discovery of new lead compounds from nature. In Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery (Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 237–260). https://doi.org/10.1517/17460441.1.3.237Xue, B., Guo, X., Landis, J. B., Sun, M., Tang, C. C., Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. (2020). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Accelerated diversification correlated with functional traits shapes extant diversity of the early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 142(July 2019), 106659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106659Zhang, A., Sun, H., & Wang, X. (2018). Mass spectrometry-driven drug discovery for development of herbal medicine. In Mass Spectrometry Reviews (Vol. 37, Issue 3, pp. 307–320). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21529Zhang, A., Sun, H., Yan, G., & Wang, X. (2017). Recent developments and emerging trends of mass spectrometry for herbal ingredients analysis. In TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 94, pp. 70–76). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.007DuguetiaAnnonaceaeAntioxidantesUHPLC-QTof-MS/MSAlcaloidesDuguetiaAnnonaceaeAntioxidantsUHPLC-QTof-MS/MS/MS,AlkaloidsPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/2d491d22-93a1-40c6-88f8-673a2d7606ae/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52ORIGINAL_Jose_Raul_Padron_Calderon_.pdf_Jose_Raul_Padron_Calderon_.pdfapplication/pdf2230491https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/e929fcc2-2b19-4741-870b-d8a4378fcb25/download9b2bef764375f448a6cb94c223c3f6aaMD53Autorización_Publicación.pdfAutorización_Publicación.pdfapplication/pdf2485029https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/9e61af65-571e-40d0-8eb7-bb8056d732e3/downloade1b611cde46307c2cd32fef368a960d5MD54TEXT_Jose_Raul_Padron_Calderon_.pdf.txt_Jose_Raul_Padron_Calderon_.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101389https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/4f9b6a25-9d74-4d2b-a38f-4ffafcb20aa3/downloadbca2665cb1a845518fb61e422847827eMD55Autorización_Publicación.pdf.txtAutorización_Publicación.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1875https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/3515ec5a-5a52-4ae5-a80d-1be0d40e28d1/downloadd5b4dad4fa551bfa00ffedeb17697cffMD57THUMBNAIL_Jose_Raul_Padron_Calderon_.pdf.jpg_Jose_Raul_Padron_Calderon_.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6833https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/5b125446-b819-492b-9e5d-808dd3ff9f7f/download149b6ab207f84b5456a77aea79858f6dMD56Autorización_Publicación.pdf.jpgAutorización_Publicación.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14294https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/7ae3fec2-6e63-47c7-8380-45ecd82ea50e/downloadeb0150d01bf04c7d6dc29bb3e77161f2MD58ucordoba/8645oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/86452024-08-27 03:01:01.428https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2024embargohttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.coRepositorio Universidad de Córdobabdigital@metabiblioteca.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

Publicaciones similares