Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar
La pirólisis catalítica de la biomasa lignocelulósica ha demostrado ser una propuesta viable para la producción de hidrocarburos líquidos y otros productos de gran utilidad. Este estudio presenta una simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis catalítica in situ utilizando la biomasa de Bagazo de c...
- Autores:
-
Espitia Páez, Isabela
Ortiz Pinto, Eidi María
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad de Córdoba
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/9042
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9042
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co
- Palabra clave:
- Biomasa lignocelulósica
Bagazo de caña de azúcar
Simulación numérica
Pirólisis catalítica
ZSM-5 catalizador
Lignocellulosic biomass
Sugarcane bagasse
Numerical simulation
Catalytic pyrolysis
ZSM-5 catalyst
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
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|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
title |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
spellingShingle |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar Biomasa lignocelulósica Bagazo de caña de azúcar Simulación numérica Pirólisis catalítica ZSM-5 catalizador Lignocellulosic biomass Sugarcane bagasse Numerical simulation Catalytic pyrolysis ZSM-5 catalyst |
title_short |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
title_full |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
title_fullStr |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
title_sort |
Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcar |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Espitia Páez, Isabela Ortiz Pinto, Eidi María |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Rhenals Julio, Jesus David Romero Luna, Carlos Manuel |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Espitia Páez, Isabela Ortiz Pinto, Eidi María |
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Arango Meneses, Juan Fernando Mendoza Fandiño, Jorge Mario |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biomasa lignocelulósica Bagazo de caña de azúcar Simulación numérica Pirólisis catalítica ZSM-5 catalizador |
topic |
Biomasa lignocelulósica Bagazo de caña de azúcar Simulación numérica Pirólisis catalítica ZSM-5 catalizador Lignocellulosic biomass Sugarcane bagasse Numerical simulation Catalytic pyrolysis ZSM-5 catalyst |
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv |
Lignocellulosic biomass Sugarcane bagasse Numerical simulation Catalytic pyrolysis ZSM-5 catalyst |
description |
La pirólisis catalítica de la biomasa lignocelulósica ha demostrado ser una propuesta viable para la producción de hidrocarburos líquidos y otros productos de gran utilidad. Este estudio presenta una simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis catalítica in situ utilizando la biomasa de Bagazo de caña de azúcar y un tipo de zeolita mineral (ZSM-5) como catalizador. La simulación se llevó a cabo empleando el software DWSIM, por medio del cual fue posible analizar las propiedades del catalizador y modelar las respectivas reacciones químicas, la distribución de productos y la influencia del catalizador bajo condiciones controladas. El modelo implementado incorporó un conjunto de reacciones representativas para simular el efecto catalítico del ZSM-5. Para evaluar el rendimiento de la pirolisis se analiza la conversión de la biomasa lignocelulósica en los productos principales: gas, bio-carbón y bio-aceite. Los resultados de la simulación numérica muestran una mejora significativa en los rendimientos hacia gas y bio-aceite. Esto evidencia el potencial del ZSM-5 como catalizador en la pirólisis, dando como resultado un óptimo aprovechamiento del bagazo de caña de azúcar y mayores rendimientos en los productos finales. Esta investigación abre camino para futuros estudios de modelos numéricos avanzados con el fin de optimizar el proceso de pirolisis catalítica. |
publishDate |
2025 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-02-07T16:31:52Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-02-07T16:31:52Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-02-07 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv |
Text |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9042 |
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de Córdoba |
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba |
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co |
url |
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9042 https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co |
identifier_str_mv |
Universidad de Córdoba Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Afraz, M., Muhammad, F., Nisar, J., Shah, A., Munir, S., Ali, G., & Ahmad, A. (2024). Production of value added products from biomass waste by pyrolysis: An updated review. Waste Management Bulletin, 1(4), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wmb.2023.08.004 Agnihotri, N., & Mondal, M. K. (2023). Comparison of non-catalytic and in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of Melia azedarach sawdust. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 172, 106006. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2023.106006 Bagri, R., & Williams, P. T. (2002). Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene. Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 63(1), 29-41. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237001001395 Bakar, M. S. A., & Titiloye, J. O. (2013). Catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk for bio-oil production. Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 103, 362-368. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237012001696 Balasundram, V., Ibrahim, N., Kasmani, R. M., Isha, R., Abd Hamid, M. K., & Hasbullah, H. (2017). Catalytic pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using molybdenum modified HZSM-5 zeolite. Energy Procedia, 142, 793–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.128 Boxiong, S., Chunfei, W., Binbin, G., & Rui, W. (2007). Pyrolysis of waste tyres with zeolite USY and ZSM-5 catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 73(1-2), 150-157. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337306003298 Buyang, Y., Suprapto, S., Nugraha, R. E., Holilah, H., Bahruji, H., Hantoro, R., Jalil, A. A., Oetami, T. P., & Prasetyoko, D. (2023). Catalytic pyrolysis of Reutealis trisperma oil using raw dolomite for bio-oil production. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 169, 105852. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2022.105852 Czajczyńska, D., Nannou, T., Anguilano, L., Krzyzyńska, R., Ghazal, H., Spencer, N., & Jouhara, H. (2017). Potentials of pyrolysis processes in the waste management sector. Energy Procedia, 123, 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.07.275 Dabros, T. M. H., Stummann, M. Z., Høj, M., Jensen, P. A., Grunwaldt, J. D., Gabrielsen, J., Mortensen, P. M., & Jensen, A. D. (2018). Transportation fuels from biomass fast pyrolysis, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, and catalytic fast hydropyrolysis. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 68, 268–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PECS.2018.05.002 Dahiya, S., Kumar, A. N., Shanthi Sravan, J., Chatterjee, S., Sarkar, O., & Mohan, S. V. (2018). Food waste biorefinery: Sustainable strategy for circular bioeconomy. Bioresource Technology, 248, 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.07.176 Du, S., Gamliel, D. P., Valla, J. A., & Bollas, G. M. (2016). The effect of ZSM-5 catalyst support in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and compounds abundant in pyrolysis bio-oils. Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 122, 7-12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237016304181 Greish, A. A., Sokolovskiy, P. V., Finashina, E. D., Kustov, L. M., Vezentsev, A. I., Chien Nguyen, D., & Chau Nguyen, H. (2022). Efficient carbon adsorbent for hydrogen sulfide produced from sugar cane bagasse. Mendeleev Communications, 32(6), 828–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MENCOM.2022.11.040 Han, D., Yang, X., Li, R., & Wu, Y. (2019). Environmental impact comparison of typical and resource-efficient biomass fast pyrolysis systems based on LCA and Aspen Plus simulation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.05.094 Hasan, M. M., Rasul, M. G., Jahirul, M. I., & Khan, M. M. K. (2022). Modeling and process simulation of waste macadamia nutshell pyrolysis using Aspen Plus software. Energy Reports, 8, 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYR.2022.10.323 Hu, Z., Li, P., & Liu, Y. (2022, June 13). Enhancing the Performance of Evolutionary Algorithm by Differential Evolution for Optimizing Distillation Sequence. https://scite.ai/reports/10.3390/molecules27123802 Kim, E., Gil, H., Park, S., & Park, J. (2017). Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of waste sawdust with catalyst ZSM-5. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 19, 423-431. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-015-0438-z Kopperi, H., & Venkata Mohan, S. (2023). Catalytic hydrothermal deoxygenation of sugarcane bagasse for energy dense bio-oil and aqueous fraction acidogenesis for biohydrogen production. Bioresource Technology, 379, 128954. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2023.128954 Kumar, J. A., Sathish, S., Prabu, D., Renita, A. A., Saravanan, A., Deivayanai, V. C., Anish, M., Jayaprabakar, J., Baigenzhenov, O., & Hosseini-Bandegharaei, A. (2023). Agricultural waste biomass for sustainable bioenergy production: Feedstock, characterization and pre-treatment methodologies. Chemosphere, 331, 138680. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2023.138680 Liu, R., Sarker, M., Rahman, M. M., Li, C., Chai, M., Nishu, Cotillon, R., & Scott, N. R. (2020). Multi-scale complexities of solid acid catalysts in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production – A review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 80, 100852. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PECS.2020.100852 Li, P., Wang, B., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Chang, C., & Pang, S. (2023). Research on the kinetics of catalyst coke formation during biomass catalytic pyrolysis: A mini review. Journal of the Energy Institute, 110, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOEI.2023.101315 Liu, W., Song, M., Wang, X., Wang, C., & Zhang, C. (2023). Study on the synergistic effect between Ni and Me species over Ni-Me/HZSM-5 on the in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of alkali lignin. Applied Catalysis A: General, 663, 119270. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APCATA.2023.119270 Liu, Y., Xue, L., Ma, J., Peng, C., Bai, F., Li, Y., & Zhao, J. (2023). Three-dimensional numerical simulation, energy efficiency and economic benefit estimation of oil shale in situ pyrolysis process. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211804 Maleki, F., Changizian, M., Zolfaghari, N., Rajaei, S., Noghabi, K A., & Zahiri, H S. (2021, March 11). Consolidated Bioprocessing for Bioethanol Production by Metabolically Engineered Bacillus Subtilis Strains. https://scite.ai/reports/10.21203/rs.3.rs-297375/v1 Mendes, F. L., Ximenes, V. L., de Almeida, M. B., Azevedo, D. A., Tessarolo, N. S., & de Rezende Pinho, A. (2016). Catalytic pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and pinewood in a pilot scale unit. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 122, 395-404. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237016301498 Nair, L. G., Agrawal, K., & Verma, P. (2022). An overview of sustainable approaches for bioenergy production from agro-industrial wastes. Energy Nexus, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.10008 Nations, U. (n.d.). Causes and Effects of Climate Change | United Nations. Retrieved September 25, 2023, from https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change Ordonez-Loza, J., Chejne, F., Jameel, A. G. A., Telalovic, S., Arrieta, A. A., & Sarathy, S. M. (2021). An investigation into the pyrolysis and oxidation of bio-oil from sugarcane bagasse: Kinetics and evolved gases using TGA-FTIR. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106144 Ramanathan, A., Begum, K. M. M. S., Pereira, A. O., & Cohen, C. (2022). Biomass pyrolysis system based on life cycle assessment and Aspen plus analysis and kinetic modeling. 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Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025 |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
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Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Montería, Córdoba, Colombia |
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Rhenals Julio, Jesus David79e6006e-034b-4078-8a43-a8703b43004b-1Romero Luna, Carlos Manuel810a0c53-77c4-492e-a296-f1b208727d35-1Espitia Páez, Isabelac32acb18-bc36-477b-9eb3-f99b7bd4e168-1Ortiz Pinto, Eidi María9618259c-9691-4c2c-a40a-abd03b293d7e-1Arango Meneses, Juan Fernando61225874-94fe-474b-b853-23bc266ef752-1Mendoza Fandiño, Jorge Mario4bd8539e-d1d9-4132-937f-71b8ffd05803-12025-02-07T16:31:52Z2025-02-07T16:31:52Z2025-02-07https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9042Universidad de CórdobaRepositorio Universidad de Córdobahttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.coLa pirólisis catalítica de la biomasa lignocelulósica ha demostrado ser una propuesta viable para la producción de hidrocarburos líquidos y otros productos de gran utilidad. Este estudio presenta una simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis catalítica in situ utilizando la biomasa de Bagazo de caña de azúcar y un tipo de zeolita mineral (ZSM-5) como catalizador. La simulación se llevó a cabo empleando el software DWSIM, por medio del cual fue posible analizar las propiedades del catalizador y modelar las respectivas reacciones químicas, la distribución de productos y la influencia del catalizador bajo condiciones controladas. El modelo implementado incorporó un conjunto de reacciones representativas para simular el efecto catalítico del ZSM-5. Para evaluar el rendimiento de la pirolisis se analiza la conversión de la biomasa lignocelulósica en los productos principales: gas, bio-carbón y bio-aceite. Los resultados de la simulación numérica muestran una mejora significativa en los rendimientos hacia gas y bio-aceite. Esto evidencia el potencial del ZSM-5 como catalizador en la pirólisis, dando como resultado un óptimo aprovechamiento del bagazo de caña de azúcar y mayores rendimientos en los productos finales. Esta investigación abre camino para futuros estudios de modelos numéricos avanzados con el fin de optimizar el proceso de pirolisis catalítica.PregradoIngeniero(a) Mecánico(a)Artículoapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de CórdobaFacultad de IngenieríaMontería, Córdoba, ColombiaIngeniería MecánicaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Simulación numérica del proceso de pirólisis con efecto catalítico in situ del bagazo de caña de azúcarTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTextAfraz, M., Muhammad, F., Nisar, J., Shah, A., Munir, S., Ali, G., & Ahmad, A. (2024). Production of value added products from biomass waste by pyrolysis: An updated review. 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Fuel, 347, 128461. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2023.128461Biomasa lignocelulósicaBagazo de caña de azúcarSimulación numéricaPirólisis catalíticaZSM-5 catalizadorLignocellulosic biomassSugarcane bagasseNumerical simulationCatalytic pyrolysisZSM-5 catalystPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/13e70e83-0be2-4eb5-9758-1543dc262323/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD51ORIGINALEidiMaríaOrtizPinto-IsabelaEspitiaPáezEidiMaríaOrtizPinto-IsabelaEspitiaPáezapplication/pdf894488https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/bitstreams/54fb5aa7-a985-4539-ae32-f45cfd2e5ddc/download59f087f11bde0122025a2f5340dfb075MD52Fortamo de autorización de publicación (2).pdfFortamo de autorización de publicación 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