Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas

En este trabajo se realizó la síntesis y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 (cobaltita de zinc). La síntesis se llevo a cabo mediante el método asistido por microondas, mientras que, se caracterizo mediante tres técnicas: Espectroscopia Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier con Reflexión Total Atenuada (FT...

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Autores:
Rodríguez Arango, Julio David
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad de Córdoba
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/8882
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8882
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/home
Palabra clave:
Cobaltitas
Cobaltitas de sinc
Cobaltites
Zinc cobaltites
Rights
openAccess
License
Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
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network_name_str Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
title Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
spellingShingle Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
Cobaltitas
Cobaltitas de sinc
Cobaltites
Zinc cobaltites
title_short Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
title_full Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
title_fullStr Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
title_full_unstemmed Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
title_sort Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondas
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Arango, Julio David
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Pacheco, Luis Carlos
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Arango, Julio David
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Jiménez Narváez, Rosbel Arsenio
Oviedo Cueter, Juan Manuel
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Cobaltitas
Cobaltitas de sinc
topic Cobaltitas
Cobaltitas de sinc
Cobaltites
Zinc cobaltites
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv Cobaltites
Zinc cobaltites
description En este trabajo se realizó la síntesis y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 (cobaltita de zinc). La síntesis se llevo a cabo mediante el método asistido por microondas, mientras que, se caracterizo mediante tres técnicas: Espectroscopia Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier con Reflexión Total Atenuada (FTIR-ATR), Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido por Emisión de Campo con Espectroscopia de Dispersión de Energía (FE-SEM-EDS)
publishDate 2024
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-12-02
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-01-17T18:56:45Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-01-17T18:56:45Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/home
url https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8882
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identifier_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv [1]. T.V.M. Sreekanth et al. Microwave synthesis: ZnCo2O4 NPs as an efficient electrocatalyst in the methanol oxidation reaction. Materials Letters 253 (2019), 450-453
[2]. Tholkappiyan Ramachandran et al. Electrochemical performance of plate-like zinc cobaltite electrode material for supercapacitor applications. J. Phy. Chem. Solds 121 (2018), 93-101
[3]. Liting Wang et al. ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes loaded on a Cu-supported Fe2O3-C network as an integrated lithium-ion battery anode. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 792 (2019), 750-758
[4]. Jeong-Hyun Eum et al. A novel synthesis of 2D porous ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes using deep eutectic solvent for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 892 (2021), 115299
[5]. Nipa Roy et al. Solvent-dependent structural and electrochemical properties of zinc cobaltite via a self-assembled mechanism for battery-type supercapacitors. Chemical Engineering Science 277 (2023), 118834
[6]. Nguyen Ngoc Huyen et al. ZnCo2O4 porous nanosheets-based sensing platform for ultra-sensitive detection of Pb(II) ion at sub-parts-per-trillion level in juice and beverage samples by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 134 (2024), 106493
[7]. Isaac Nebot Diaz et al. Estudio y caracterización de compuestos tipo espinela MIIAl2O4, mediante ruta de síntesis no convencionales. Aplicación a la industria cerámica. 15 de diciembre (2000)
[8]. https://next-gen.materialsproject.org/
[9]. Laurel Simon Lobo et al. Structural and electrical properties of ZnCo2O4 spinel synthesized by sol-gel combustion method. J. Non-Crystalline S. 505 (2019), 301-309
[10]. Zein K. Heiba et al. Enhancement the linear/nonlinear optical and magnetic properties of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures through Ni/Fe dual doping. Optical Materials 152 (2024), 115472
[11]. B.C.S. Stock. «Elements of X-Ray Diffraction». Ed: PEARSON 3 (2014), 31-91
[12]. https://rtilab.com/techniques/sem-eds-analysis
[13]. Xinhui Xie et al. Assessing the effect of oriented structure characteristics of laminated shale on its mechanical behaviour with the aid of nano-indentation and FE-SEM techniques. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 173 (2024), 105625
[14]. Goldstein, J. I., Newbury, D. E., Echlin, P., et al. (2003). Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis. Springer
[15]. Reimer, L., & Kohl, H. (2008). Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation and Microanalysis. Springer
[16]. Jiao, Z., & Yang, Y. (2016). "The application of FE-SEM in material characterization." Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 32(3), 263-272
[17]. Qinghong Wang et al. Facile fabrication and supercapacitive properties on mesoporous zinc cobaltites microspheres. Journal of Power Sources 284 (2015), 138-145
[18]. John Anthuvan Rajesh et al. Cubic Spinel AB2O4 Type Porous ZnCo2O4 Microspheres: Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Their Electrochemical Performances in Pseudocapacitor. J. Electrochem. Soc. 163 (10) (2016), A2418-A2427
[19]. Reem Al-Tuwirqi et al. Facile synthesis and optical properties of Co3O4 nanostructures by the microwave route. Superlattices and Microstructures 49 (2011). 416–421
[20]. N. Varalakshmi1 et al. Sodium dedecyl sulphate assisted hydrothermally synthesized hexagonal prismatic nanocrystalline zinc cobaltite for high performance supercapacitors. Ionics 25 (2019). 3897–3905
[21]. [MAUD] Luca Lutterotti. Maud: A Rietveld Analysis Program Designed for the Internet and Experiment Integration, 2000Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances 56(s1)
[22]. Wenqi Wang et al. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures: controlled morphology and magnetic properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 16662–16668 (2021)
[23]. Jiaojiao Deng et al. A sliced orange-shaped ZnCo2O4 material as anode for high-performance lithium ion battery. Energy Storage Mater. 6 (2017), 61-69
[24]. Shuangming Wang et al. Alkalization treatment engineering gas sensing selectivity improvement of ZnCo2O4 microspheres toward xylene. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical 396 (2023), 134576
[25]. Baskaran Palanivel et al. Chemical oxidants (H2O2 and persulfate) activated Photo-Fenton like degradation reaction using sol-gel derived g-C3N4/ ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite. Diamond & Related Materials 130 (2022), 109413
[26]. Amir Reza Khoshhal et al. Evaluation of experimental and simulated gamma ray shielding ability of ZnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4/graphene nanoparticles. Optical Materials 156 (2024), 115953
[27]. Bithika Mandal et al. Fabrication of different rare earth incorporated ZnCo2O4 matrix via chemical-mechanical hybrid mechanism and study their charge carrier dynamics by Motts VRH model. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 879 (2021), 160432
[28]. Tholkappiyan Ramachandran et al. Fabrication of dual-1D/2D shaped ZnCo2O4 -ZnO electrode material for highly efficient electrochemical supercapacitors. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 188 (2024), 111915
[29]. Eneyew Tilahun Bekele et al. Green synthesis of ternary ZnO/ ZnCo2O4 nanocomposites using Ricinus communis leaf extract for the electrochemical sensing of sulfamethoxazole. Inorganic Chemistry Communications 160 (2024), 111964
[30]. Mona Ebrahimifar et al. In situ hydrothermal synthesis of ZnCo2O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Structural, optical, electrochemical properties and photocatalytic performance under visible light. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 312 (2024), 171976
[31]. Serife Tokalıoglu et al. NiCo2O4@ ZnCo2O4 nanomaterial for selective and fast dispersive solid phase micro-extraction of manganese and lead in water, tea and cinnamon samples followed by FAAS determination. Microchemical Journal 195 (2023), 109515
[32]. Sherzod Shukhratovich Abdullaev et al. ZnO@ ZnCo2O4 core-shell: A novel high electrocatalytic nanostructure to replace platinum as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 165 (2023), 107709
[33]. G. Vignesh et al. Nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/ ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite electrode for hybrid supercapacitor application. Materials Science and Engineering B 290 (2023), 116328
[34]. Raed H. Althomali et al. Novel ZnCo2O4/WO3 nanocomposite as the counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): study of electrocatalytic activity and charge transfer properties. Optical Materials 143 (2023), 114248
[35]. Jingrui Ye. Reduced spinel oxide ZnCo2O4 with tetrahedral Co2+ sites for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia and energy conversión. Chemical Engineering Journal 498 (2024), 155354
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dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias Básicas
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Física
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cordóba
institution Universidad de Córdoba
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spelling Sánchez Pacheco, Luis Carlosf8a034de-9cc1-4de5-a3ec-24375d8f5fe4-1Rodríguez Arango, Julio David4216ef96-7ded-4a15-b271-d2806de0d962-1Jiménez Narváez, Rosbel Arsenio048b5213-d548-4cb9-88e4-72842948736d-1Oviedo Cueter, Juan Manuel2e2a0af8-50be-4d6b-afef-1c19fef9810c-12025-01-17T18:56:45Z2025-01-17T18:56:45Z2024-12-02https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/8882Universidad de CórdobaRepositorio Universidad de Córdobahttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/homeEn este trabajo se realizó la síntesis y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 (cobaltita de zinc). La síntesis se llevo a cabo mediante el método asistido por microondas, mientras que, se caracterizo mediante tres técnicas: Espectroscopia Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier con Reflexión Total Atenuada (FTIR-ATR), Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido por Emisión de Campo con Espectroscopia de Dispersión de Energía (FE-SEM-EDS)IntroducciónMarco TeóricoProcedimiento ExperimentalAnálisis de ResultadosConclusionesReferenciasPregradoFísico(a)Trabajos de Investigación y/o Extensiónapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de CordóbaFacultad de Ciencias BásicasMontería, Córdoba, ColombiaFísicaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Obtención y caracterización de ZnCo2O4 mediante síntesis asistida por microondasTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionText[1]. T.V.M. Sreekanth et al. Microwave synthesis: ZnCo2O4 NPs as an efficient electrocatalyst in the methanol oxidation reaction. Materials Letters 253 (2019), 450-453[2]. Tholkappiyan Ramachandran et al. Electrochemical performance of plate-like zinc cobaltite electrode material for supercapacitor applications. J. Phy. Chem. Solds 121 (2018), 93-101[3]. Liting Wang et al. ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes loaded on a Cu-supported Fe2O3-C network as an integrated lithium-ion battery anode. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 792 (2019), 750-758[4]. Jeong-Hyun Eum et al. A novel synthesis of 2D porous ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes using deep eutectic solvent for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 892 (2021), 115299[5]. Nipa Roy et al. Solvent-dependent structural and electrochemical properties of zinc cobaltite via a self-assembled mechanism for battery-type supercapacitors. Chemical Engineering Science 277 (2023), 118834[6]. Nguyen Ngoc Huyen et al. ZnCo2O4 porous nanosheets-based sensing platform for ultra-sensitive detection of Pb(II) ion at sub-parts-per-trillion level in juice and beverage samples by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 134 (2024), 106493[7]. Isaac Nebot Diaz et al. Estudio y caracterización de compuestos tipo espinela MIIAl2O4, mediante ruta de síntesis no convencionales. Aplicación a la industria cerámica. 15 de diciembre (2000)[8]. https://next-gen.materialsproject.org/[9]. Laurel Simon Lobo et al. Structural and electrical properties of ZnCo2O4 spinel synthesized by sol-gel combustion method. J. Non-Crystalline S. 505 (2019), 301-309[10]. Zein K. Heiba et al. Enhancement the linear/nonlinear optical and magnetic properties of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures through Ni/Fe dual doping. Optical Materials 152 (2024), 115472[11]. B.C.S. Stock. «Elements of X-Ray Diffraction». Ed: PEARSON 3 (2014), 31-91[12]. https://rtilab.com/techniques/sem-eds-analysis[13]. Xinhui Xie et al. Assessing the effect of oriented structure characteristics of laminated shale on its mechanical behaviour with the aid of nano-indentation and FE-SEM techniques. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 173 (2024), 105625[14]. Goldstein, J. I., Newbury, D. E., Echlin, P., et al. (2003). Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis. Springer[15]. Reimer, L., & Kohl, H. (2008). Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation and Microanalysis. Springer[16]. Jiao, Z., & Yang, Y. (2016). "The application of FE-SEM in material characterization." Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 32(3), 263-272[17]. Qinghong Wang et al. Facile fabrication and supercapacitive properties on mesoporous zinc cobaltites microspheres. Journal of Power Sources 284 (2015), 138-145[18]. John Anthuvan Rajesh et al. Cubic Spinel AB2O4 Type Porous ZnCo2O4 Microspheres: Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Their Electrochemical Performances in Pseudocapacitor. J. Electrochem. Soc. 163 (10) (2016), A2418-A2427[19]. Reem Al-Tuwirqi et al. Facile synthesis and optical properties of Co3O4 nanostructures by the microwave route. Superlattices and Microstructures 49 (2011). 416–421[20]. N. Varalakshmi1 et al. Sodium dedecyl sulphate assisted hydrothermally synthesized hexagonal prismatic nanocrystalline zinc cobaltite for high performance supercapacitors. Ionics 25 (2019). 3897–3905[21]. [MAUD] Luca Lutterotti. Maud: A Rietveld Analysis Program Designed for the Internet and Experiment Integration, 2000Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances 56(s1)[22]. Wenqi Wang et al. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures: controlled morphology and magnetic properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 16662–16668 (2021)[23]. Jiaojiao Deng et al. A sliced orange-shaped ZnCo2O4 material as anode for high-performance lithium ion battery. Energy Storage Mater. 6 (2017), 61-69[24]. Shuangming Wang et al. Alkalization treatment engineering gas sensing selectivity improvement of ZnCo2O4 microspheres toward xylene. Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical 396 (2023), 134576[25]. Baskaran Palanivel et al. Chemical oxidants (H2O2 and persulfate) activated Photo-Fenton like degradation reaction using sol-gel derived g-C3N4/ ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite. Diamond & Related Materials 130 (2022), 109413[26]. Amir Reza Khoshhal et al. Evaluation of experimental and simulated gamma ray shielding ability of ZnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4/graphene nanoparticles. Optical Materials 156 (2024), 115953[27]. Bithika Mandal et al. Fabrication of different rare earth incorporated ZnCo2O4 matrix via chemical-mechanical hybrid mechanism and study their charge carrier dynamics by Motts VRH model. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 879 (2021), 160432[28]. Tholkappiyan Ramachandran et al. Fabrication of dual-1D/2D shaped ZnCo2O4 -ZnO electrode material for highly efficient electrochemical supercapacitors. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 188 (2024), 111915[29]. Eneyew Tilahun Bekele et al. Green synthesis of ternary ZnO/ ZnCo2O4 nanocomposites using Ricinus communis leaf extract for the electrochemical sensing of sulfamethoxazole. Inorganic Chemistry Communications 160 (2024), 111964[30]. Mona Ebrahimifar et al. In situ hydrothermal synthesis of ZnCo2O4/ZnO nanocomposite: Structural, optical, electrochemical properties and photocatalytic performance under visible light. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 312 (2024), 171976[31]. Serife Tokalıoglu et al. NiCo2O4@ ZnCo2O4 nanomaterial for selective and fast dispersive solid phase micro-extraction of manganese and lead in water, tea and cinnamon samples followed by FAAS determination. Microchemical Journal 195 (2023), 109515[32]. Sherzod Shukhratovich Abdullaev et al. ZnO@ ZnCo2O4 core-shell: A novel high electrocatalytic nanostructure to replace platinum as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 165 (2023), 107709[33]. G. Vignesh et al. Nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/ ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite electrode for hybrid supercapacitor application. Materials Science and Engineering B 290 (2023), 116328[34]. Raed H. Althomali et al. Novel ZnCo2O4/WO3 nanocomposite as the counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): study of electrocatalytic activity and charge transfer properties. Optical Materials 143 (2023), 114248[35]. Jingrui Ye. Reduced spinel oxide ZnCo2O4 with tetrahedral Co2+ sites for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia and energy conversión. 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