Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.

La salinidad en los manglares afecta la producción de metabolitos secundarios, los cuales son de interés biotecnológico como los compuestos antimicrobianos. Sin embargo, la información de la biosíntesis de metabolitos secundarios, la resistencia microbiana y el efecto de la salinidad en la expresión...

Full description

Autores:
Daza Giraldo, Libia Vanessa
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
Repositorio:
Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/3649
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/3649
Palabra clave:
actividad antimicrobiana
metabolitos secundarios
resistencia
Metagenómica
bioinformática
genes
Rights
closedAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2019
id UCOLMAYOR2_b8c6fea771cab9249e1dc3971200dd5f
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/3649
network_acronym_str UCOLMAYOR2
network_name_str Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
title Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
spellingShingle Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
actividad antimicrobiana
metabolitos secundarios
resistencia
Metagenómica
bioinformática
genes
title_short Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
title_full Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
title_fullStr Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
title_full_unstemmed Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
title_sort Efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Daza Giraldo, Libia Vanessa
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Vanegas Guerrero, Javier
Camacho Kurmen, Judith Elena
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Daza Giraldo, Libia Vanessa
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv actividad antimicrobiana
metabolitos secundarios
resistencia
topic actividad antimicrobiana
metabolitos secundarios
resistencia
Metagenómica
bioinformática
genes
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Metagenómica
bioinformática
genes
description La salinidad en los manglares afecta la producción de metabolitos secundarios, los cuales son de interés biotecnológico como los compuestos antimicrobianos. Sin embargo, la información de la biosíntesis de metabolitos secundarios, la resistencia microbiana y el efecto de la salinidad en la expresión de los genes en los ecosistemas de manglar es limitada. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos presentes en el suelo rizosférico utilizando metagenómica y bioinformática. Por medio de la extracción de ADN, se secuenciaron en la plataforma Illumina HiSeq y análisis de los datos utilizando la plataforma web MicrobiomeAnalyst y STAMP. Se encontró que las abundancias de genes presentaron diferencias significativas en relación con los gradientes de salinidad baja, media y alta de la comunidad bacteriana del manglar en la desembocadura del Río Ranchería y se estableció la diversidad funcional de los genes con actividad antimicrobiana y la resistencia de estas, siendo Streptomycin biosynthesis la vía más abundante asociada a la síntesis de antimicrobianos en los tres puntos de salinidad y el gen más abundante K01710 (E4.2.1.46, rfbB, rffG; dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase) igualmente en los tres puntos de salinidad.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-06
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-12T20:34:35Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-12T20:34:35Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/3649
dc.identifier.barcode.none.fl_str_mv 60034
url https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/3649
identifier_str_mv 60034
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Alzubaidy H, Essack M, Malas TB, Bokhari A, Motwalli O, Kamanu FK et al. Rhizosphere micrbiome metagenomics of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in the sea. [Internet]. Gene 2016 [cited 27 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475934?fbclid=IwAR26xvdOxiNXO0WO dbv_AxU4HjnHg3wxZxTGWMUAx8Q34wXCd2m7iiCPdhA
Simoes MF, Antunes A, Ottini CA, Amini MS, Alam I, ALzubaidy H et al. Soil and Rhizosphere Associeted Fungi in Gray Mangroves (avicennia marina) from the Red sea a Metagenomic Aprproach. [Internet]. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2015-1;576(2 Pt 1):626-36 [cited 27 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475934?fbclid=IwAR26xvdOxiNXO0WO dbv_AxU4HjnHg3wxZxTGWMUAx8Q34wXCd2m7iiCPdhA
F.V, Ullah I, SA.A, Backhsh SA, M.Y, AL-Ghamdi AAK et al. Isolation, diversity, and biotechnological potential of rhizo and endoohytix bacteria associated with mangrove plants from Saudi Arabia [Internet]. Genet Mol Res. 2017 –jun, 20;16(2). [cited 29 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653740?fbclid=IwAR3KdGVje1u1qtPV0E 2-p42ygvAiu10LcpwM5_9BMLwbONgc6DPo59Ab9mY
Rigonato J, D. Kent A, Gumiere T, Henrique L , Dini Andreote F, Fátima Fiore M. Temporal assessment of microbial communities in soils of two contrasting mangroves [Internet]. Braz J Microbiol. 2018 Jan-Mar; 49(1): 87–96. [cited 29 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790579/
Bikash Baral M. Activation of microbial secondary metabolic pathways: Avenues and challenges [Internet]. PubMed Central (PMC). 2018-Sep; 3(3): 163–178 [cited 17 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190515/
Reen FJ, Romano S, D.W. Dobson A, O’Gara F. The Sound of Silence: Activating Silent Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Marine Microorganisms [Internet]. Mar Drugs. 2015 Aug; 13(8): 4754–4783 [cited 18 November 2018]. Avariable from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557003/
Madangchanok Imchen V. Comparative mangrove metagenome reveals global prevalence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistome across different ecosystems [Internet]. PubMed Central (PMC). 2018- 8: 11187. [cited 29 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060162/
F L, Huergo D, Rissi A, S E, Gernet V et al. Influence of ancient anthropogenic activities on the mangrove soil microbiome [Internet]. Science of The Total Environment Volume 645, 15 December 2018, Pages 1-9 [cited 29 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718325798?via%3Dih ub
Al-Amoudi S, Razali R, Essack M, Amini M, Bougouffa S, A.C J et al. Metagenomics as a preliminary screen for antimicrobial bioprospecting [Internet]. Sciencedirect.com. 2019 Vol 594 pages 248-258 [cited 30 December 2018]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811191630748X
Al-Amoudi S, Razali R, Mohammad M, Bougoffa S, Archer A.C et al. Metagenomics as a preliminary screen for antimicrobial bioprospecting [Internet]. Sciencedirect.com. 2016 [cited 30 december 2018]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811191630748X?via%3Dih ub
Alves L, Westmann C, Lovate G, Viana G, Cabral T, Guazzaroni M. Metagenomic Approaches for Understanding New Concepts in Microbial Science [Internet]. Int J Genomics. 2018-2018: 2312987. [cited 30 december 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126073/
Galvan V, Garcia A. Determinación de bacteriocinas en muestras de consorcios microbianos nativos de ecosistemas de manglar en el departamento del atlántico, como fuente potencial de nuevos tratamientos biomédicos. [Internet]. ResearchGate. 2017 [cited 30 december 2018]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327534385_determinacion_de_bacterio cinas_en_muestras_de_consorcios_microbianos_nativos_de_ecosistemas_de_m anglar_en_el_departamento_del_atlantico_como_fuente_potencial_de_nuevos_tr atamientos_biomedicos
Logesh AR, Thillaimaharani KA, Sharmila K, Kalaiselvam M, Raffi SM. Production of chitosan from endolichenic fungi isolated from mangrove environment ans its antogonictic activity. [Internet] Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012 Feb;2(2):140-3 [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569884?fbclid=IwAR1jHibwr5IFxXp0Hv6 67hgehtyhOe1JRx6VVaegd-3LM8gLfFqhvCknHTo
Yuan G, Hong K, Lin H, She Z and Li J. New Azalomycin F Analogs from Mangrove Streptomyces sp. 211726 with Activity against Microbes and Cancer Cells. [Internet] Mar Drugs 201- Mar; 11(3): 817–8293 [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705372/?fbclid=IwAR1qUVrUzbn vuob-tKl_DqZ4mnZdkuxXAstcDiXVMDwVlqfU4_xxPAF0yEo
Sengupta S, Pramanik A, Ghosh A and Bhattachary M. Antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes isolated from unexplored regions of Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. [Internet] BMC Microbiol 2015-15:170. [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546244/?fbclid=IwAR1qlgYMRqy PeiUkzrqD4PM8uHLtQtj-nh9uwctuWpLSb97ar6ljI6nfdK8
Al-Amoudi S, Essack M, Simoes M, Bougoussa S, Soloviev I, Archer J et al. Bioprospeccion de los ecosistemas costeros del Mar Rojo para microorganismos cultivables y su potencial antimicrobiano. [Internet] Mar Drogas 2016 Sep; 14(9): 165. [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039536/?fbclid=IwAR1rPPhsfe3tj MCVBSnFMjF7fbbY0LcqZOyyy-TkzDXJA7zOifAVtpN0uJk
Demers D, Knestrick M, Fleeman R, Tawfik R, Azhari A, Souza A et al.Exploitation of Mangrove Endophytic Fungi for Infectious Disease Grug Discovery. [Internet] Mar Drugs 2018-Oct; 16(10): 376. [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6212984/?fbclid=IwAR2XLYLaXN WgMX1NaD-kAmBv4GMNCHqbSG0mMaPKndEmqDIkrCziMLFm_YI
Hugenholtz, P., Goebel, B.M. & Pace, N.R. Impact of CultureIndependent Studies on the Emerging Phylogenetic View of Bacterial Diversity. Journal of Bacteriology 180(18), 4765- 4774 (1998)
Zhi-Qiang Xiong , Jian-Feng Wang , Yu-You Hao , and Yong Wang . Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Marine Microbial Natural Products. [Internet] Mar Drugs 2013- Mar; 11(3): 700–717. [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705366/
Zhou Z and Guo Y. Productos naturales bioactivos de la flora y fauna marina china. [Internet] APS 2012 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705366/?fbclid=IwAR0AJycXBrB DpyfMDgma0vNJmz35bBnU6iDwa_Y4pb7y34fhU49ECmWhTvU
Gong B, Chen S, Lan W, Huang Y and Zhu X. Potencial antimicrobino de actinomicetos aislados del suelo de manglar en el mar de Maowei en la costa sur de china. [Internet] Iran J Pharm Res 2018-Autumn; 17(4): 1339–1346 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6269563/?fbclid=IwAR3n2kkzIhLj5 0V5E6IVxEtp1_sbClZwX6iscP_vehMhP281cuh2O62gegE
Jalal K.C, Fatin N, M.A., Akbar J, Kamaruzzaman Y, Shahbudin S et al. Antibiotic resistance microbes in tropical mangrove sediments in east coast peninsular,Malaysia. [Internet] ACADEMIC JOURNALS 2010, Vol. 4 (8), pp. 640- 645 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJMR/article-full-text- pdf/0A0F24012464?fbclid=IwAR2MVJScHhWUidJkCm7MaS5EEIm0PBUzgxblrJ 7wM2cLZTgchp4e1NNyPso
Cabral L, Lacerda G, Pereira S, Cavalcante A, Dias F, Cadete L, et al. Anthropogenic impacto n mangrove sediments triggers differential responses in the heavy metals and antibiotic resistomes of microbial communities. [Internet] ScienceDirect 2016 Vol.216 pages 460-469 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116304663?fbclid=Iw AR1jJeW9gSyyEzma6viXH8myhavz_ex1nUcvTfK8OHqt_n0vSFGu-HHxOMw
Nakayama T, Tuyet T, Harada K, Warisaya M, Asayama M, Hinenoya A et al. Water metagenomic analysis reveals low bacterial diversuty ans the presence of antimicrobial residues and resistance genes in a river containing wastewater from backyatd aquacultures in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. [Internet] ScienceDirect 2017 Vol 222 pages 294-306 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116307345?fbclid=Iw AR2tSgPbuh7v_a3WVP41lTxwlhb9ol0ywC4nSZEioPQeENGVeTB52X_tbE
Hugenholtz, P., Goebel, B.M. & Pace, N.R. Impact of CultureIndependent Studies on the Emerging Phylogenetic View of Bacterial Diversity. Journal of Bacteriology 180(18), 4765- 4774 (1998)
Venter, J.C. et al. Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Science 304(5667), 66-74 (2004).
Castillo-Machalskis I, DArmas H, Malaver N, Núñez M. Actividad antibacteriana de extractos de hongos aislados de raíces del mangle Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) en Venezuela [Internet]. Scielo.sa.cr. 2018 [cited 17 September 2018]. Available from: 59 http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S003477442007000300 002
HF dos Santos, JC Cury, FL do Carmo, AL dos Santos, J. Tiedje, JD van Elsas, y col. Diversidad bacteriana del manglar y el impacto de la contaminación del petróleo revelado por pirosecuenciación: proxies bacterianos para la contaminación por hidrocarburos PLoS One, 6. [Internet]. (2011) Available from: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188499920070003 00004
Troncoso C, Pavez M, Santo A, Salazar R, Barrientos L. Implicancias Estructurales y Fisiológicas de la Célula Bacteriana en los Mecanismos de Resistencia Antibiótica [Internet]. Scielo.conicyt.cl. 2017 35(4):1214-1223, [cited 9 January 2019]. Available from: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/ijmorphol/v35n4/0717- 9502-ijmorphol-35-04-01214.pdf
Moghaieb R, Saneoka H and Fujita K. Effect of salinity on osmotic adjustment, glycinebetaine accumulation and the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in two halophytic plants, Salicornia europaea and Suaeda marítima [Internet]. CienceDirect 2004 Vol 166 pages 1345-1349 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168945204000445?fbclid=Iw AR3sVNcFVZGCIpFFVcHEduyzIbLldPBDhZ7CV-U0fArtACSudQF-ZDqFWPM
Munns R. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. [Internet]. NewPhytologist 2005 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.14698137.2005.01487.x?fbcli 60 d=IwAR2wBmwJcxIC1uiNSuyqU78mCrV99eDJBOGF8uVpQG82RWlhbIbKPF0V as
Rietz D.N, Haynes R.J. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity. [Internet]. ScienceDirect 2003 Vol 35 pages 845-854 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071703001251?fbclid =IwAR3u4NPDp1tYER4_wsTG9KPExiheAr4ohhpNt74DOi3ltKzHEBQOoJ2iOQ
Andreote F, Jimenez D, Chaves D, Franco A, Luvizotto D, Fasanella C. The Microbiome of Brazilian Mangrove Sediments as Revealed by Metagenomics. [Internet]. Pubmed 2012 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0038600&fb clid=IwAR3u4NPDp1tYER4_wsTG9KPExiheAr4ohhpNt74DOi3ltKzHEBQOoJ2iO Q
Streptomycin - DrugBank [Internet]. Drugbank.ca. 2018 [cited 9 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01082?fbclid=IwAR0MzBKRTmmArzcLTZqSfD 2JQ0Ug2o61u2UJOZhNccGi2GxqGxZ2ja4LaJE
Kemung H, Tan L, Mehmood T, Chan K.G, Puesparajah P, Goh B.H et al. Streptomyces as a prominent Resource of Futue Anti-MRSA drugs. [Internet]. Front Microbiol 2018- 9:2221. [cited 30 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165876/?fbclid=IwAR1If6ARufoat 25hIHzwYx17V9z_YidZZFNV5U8eFzmEhxXovxUyqMyQvDo
Hernandez L, Velazquez I, Orozco M.C, Santoyo G. Metagenómica de suelos: grandes desafíos y nuevas oportunidades biotecnológicas. [Internet]. OYTON 2010 [cited 30 March 2019]. Available from: http://revistaphyton.fund- romuloraggio.org.ar/vol79/HernandezLeon.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1lplBKqhAXFh5ic2XN c8qis8j2H-sRRrawcO6JMjkGQRJJoMyx1ACwzkE.
Monobactámico - EcuRed [Internet]. Ecured.cu. 2008 [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ecured.cu/Monobact%C3%A1mico?fbclid=IwAR1Fr7bwGCQpVMAH 56nlUl0ccOx1myFxor6FtCpki03o9zVe-iqECR9au8
Venter H, Mowla R, Ohene-Agyei T and Ma S. RND-type grup efflux pumps from Gram-negative bacteria:molecular mechanism ans inhibition. [Internet]. Front Microbiol 2015- 6:377 [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412071/?fbclid=IwAR27q7WBtS9 I9kC0MuBiHdNSqjvYmoBaLo3_qDfd9HGDl0Q3OoQbkA2NZA
Long S, Sousa E, Kijjoa A and Pinto M. Marine Natural Products as Models to Circumvent Multidrug Resistance. [Internet]. Molecules 2016 Jul; 21(7): 892 [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273648/?fbclid=IwAR0dBdENB1y V8MokVeJ3lAbJEUcqj8PKYxn_aCP-4iDqMZ36UAI6M1cV3kk
Capdeville C, Pommier T, Gervaix J, Fromard F, Rols J and Leflaive J. Mangrove Facies Drives Resistance and Resilience of Sediment Microbes Exposed to Anthropic Disturbance. [Internet]. Front Microbiol 2018- 9: 3337. [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340982/?fbclid=IwAR0BKZC_s2J VmMoJytBEn09oBDVITr8iJlG1CKpoDsXLRlrrCnr1AsM-GSg
rmlB - dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase - Streptococcus mutans serotype c (strain ATCC 700610 / UA159) - rmlB gene & protein [Internet]. Uniprot.org. 2017 [cited 10 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P95780?fbclid=IwAR1_R5A0ag1Ng093GugOZn6 hEVpBqr2ECSXZ99pgp6SIplLyMAlmODfG1tk
Wei Y, Zhang L, Zhou Z and Yan X. Diversity of gene clusters for polyketide ans nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis revealed by metagenomic analysis of the yellow sea sediment. [Internet]. FontMicrobiol 2018- 9: 295. [cited 10 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835077/?fbclid=IwAR3Ed9KlKI_o VH5SblJnyDf0f_tgqqW4yIxBoW77qIh2ri2vlUF6id3_99Y
EMBL-EBI I. 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (IPR011284) < InterPro < EMBL-EBI [Internet]. Ebi.ac.uk. 2018 [cited 10 March 2019]. Available from: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR011284?fbclid=IwAR3aSxRV96WKpB41lA OdG7dFKo1-1cjKZG-vj-euBntlO0_8x4D8fl8e5KI
Documento Conpes. POLÍTICA PARA EL DESARROLLO COMERCIAL DE LA BIOTECNOLOGÍA A PARTIR DEL USO SOSTENIBLE DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD [Internet]. [consultado 2019 March 29]. Disponible en: https://www.cbd.int/doc/measures/abs/post-protocol/msr-abs-co-es.pdf
Corporativo Noticias y eventosNoticias Infantil Funcionarios Gestion institucionalRecurso humano Evaluación de Desempeño Acuerdos de Gestión Ofertas de Empleo ContrataciónPlaneación G, Gestion institucionalRecurso humano Evaluación de Desempeño Acuerdos de Gestión Ofertas de Empleo ContrataciónPlaneación G, Planeación G, Ambiental V, Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Trámites y servicios Peticiones V, Peticiones D et al. Manglares [Internet]. Crc.gov.co. 2018 [cited 27 June 2018]. Available from: http://www.crc.gov.co/index.php/ambiental/ecosistemas-estrategicos/manglares
Lema Vélez, L. and Polanía, J. (2018). Estructura y dinámica del manglar del delta del río Ranchería, Caribe colombiano. [online] Scielo.sa.cr. Available at: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S003477442007000100003&script=sci_art text [Accessed 27 Jun. 2018]
USO SOSTENIBLE, MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS DE MANGLAR [Internet]. Cinto.invemar.org.co. 2002 [cited 17 September 2018]. Available from: http://cinto.invemar.org.co/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/472dde51-ccb9- 4d50-b5a9 8538a02fbff2/Uso%20sostenible,%20manejo%20y%20conservaci%C3%B3n%20 de%20los%20ecosistemas%20de%20manglar%20en%20Colombia?ticket=TICK ET_cb6ebc94ede6370a0a11a98bc931ffa9061d9d73
DISPERSIÓN Y ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LAS ESPECIES DE MANGLE DEL RÍO RANCHERÍA EN EL PERÍODO DE MÁXIMA FRUCTIFICACIÓN [Internet]. Observatorioirsb.org. 2018 [cited 24 July 2018]. Available from: http://observatorioirsb.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/dispersion-y- establecimiento-de-las-especies-de-mangle-del-rio-rancheria-en-el-periodo-de- maxima-fructificacion.pdf
Vanessa L.R.NogueiraaLidianne L.RochaaGeórgia B.ColaresaAlysson LiraAngelima et al. Microbiomes and potential metabolic pathways of pristine and anthropized Brazilian mangroves. [online] Regional Studies in Marine Science 2015-Vol2 pages 56-64. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485515000407
COLECCIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA [Internet]. Repository.javeriana.edu.co. 2018 [cited 17 September 2018]. Available from: https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10554/9003/CMPUJ%20L098 .pdf?sequence=1
Iglesias O., Díaz N., Cabranes Y., Acevedo M., et al. The seaweed of Cuban’s shelf as source of bioactive extracts. [online] Departamento de Bioactivos Marinos y Productos Naturales 2003-16: 36-45. Available from : http://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/2918/Macroalgas%20de%20la %20plataforma%20insular%20cubana.......pdf?sequence=1
KEGG PATHWAY: Carbapenem biosynthesis and de Penillin and Cephalosporin Biosynthesis [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2018 [cited 19 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?ko00332.
Beltrán V., Díaz C, Gómez H. Tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar de especies de plantas promisorias de la costa atlántica colombiana. [online] universidad de Cartagena 2013. Available from: http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revcubplamed/cpm2013/cpm134m.pdf.
V, García A. Bacteriocins determination of samples of microbial consortia native mangrove ecosystem in the department of atlantic as a potential source of biomedical new treatments. [Online] Biociencias 2017 Vol. 12, No. 1, 2017, págs. 37-51. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6228789
Hernández-León R, Velázquez-Sepúlveda I, Orozco-Mosqueda M, Santoyo G. Metagenómica de suelos: grandes desafíos y nuevas oportunidades biotecnológicas [Internet]. Scielo.org.ar. 2018 [cited 18 September 2018]. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S185156572010000200004&script=sci_ar ttext&tlng=en
Solórzano LR., J Arencibia., Conill C., Veloz G., Araújo J. Impacto de la Bioinformática en las ciencias biomédicas. [Internet] ACIMED. 2003 [ cited 18 september 2018]. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S102494352003000400007
Los manglares de la peninsula de baja california [Internet]. Cibnor.repositorioinstitucional.mx. 2018 [cited 18 September 2018]. Available from: https://cibnor.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1001/900/1/Cap5_Libro_L OS%20MANGLARES%20DE%20LA%20PENINSULA%20DE%20BAJA%20CALI FORNIA.pdf
García-Morales S, Gómez-Merino F, Trejo-Téllez L, Herrera-Cabrera É. TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS INVOLVED IN MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF PLANTS TO OSMOTIC STRESS [Internet]. Revistafitotecniamexicana.org. 2018 [cited 19 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.revistafitotecniamexicana.org/documentos/36-2/2a.pdf
Seija V, Vignoli R. Principales grupos de antibióticos [Internet]. Higiene.edu.uy. 2017 [cited 10 October 2018]. Available from: http://www.higiene.edu.uy/cefa/2008/BacteCEFA34.pdf
MetaCyc streptomycin biosynthesis [Internet]. Biocyc.org. 2019 [cited 26 November 2018]. Available from: https://biocyc.org/META/NEW- IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-5940
O'Sullivan J e. Biosynthesis of monobactam compounds: origin of the carbon atoms in the beta-lactam ring. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 1984 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6805424
KEGG PATHWAY: map00261 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map00261
Williams R. Biosynthesis of Prodigiosin, a Secondary Metabolite of Serratia marcescens [Internet]. PubMed Central (PMC). 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC380817/
KEGG PATHWAY: map00333 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map00333
Moreno Monge K. CARBAPENÉMICOS: TIPOS Y MECANISMOS DE RESISTENCIA BACTERIANOS [Internet]. Binasss.sa.cr. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: http://www.binasss.sa.cr/revistas/rmcc/608/art8.pdf
LA K. Biosynthesis of novobiocin by Streptomyces niveus. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4680802
KEGG PATHWAY: ko00999 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ko00999
T K. Biosynthetic genes for aminoglycoside antibiotics. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644520
B V. Biosynthesis of enediyne antitumor antibiotics. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2008 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18397168
KEGG PATHWAY: map01059 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map01059
B. Pinkens L, Tang Y. Decodificación e ingeniería Biosíntesis de tetraciclina [Internet]. Metab Eng, PMC 2010 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010235/
Mulichak A.M, Losey H.C, T.Walsh C, Garavito R.M. Structure of the UDP- Glucosyltransferase GtfB That Modifies the Heptapeptide Aglycone in the Biosynthesis of Vancomycin Group Antibiotics [Internet]. ScienceDirect. 2001 [cited 3 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969212601006165
Serra Valdés M. La resistencia microbiana en el contexto actual y la importancia del conocimiento y aplicación en la política antimicrobiana [Internet]. Scielo.sld.cu. 2017 [cited 1 February 2019]. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2017000300011
Qué es la resistencia a los antimicrobianos? [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2019 [cited 1 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/features/qa/75/es/
Seija V, Vignoli R. Principales grupos de antibióticos [Internet]. Higiene.edu.uy. 2019 [cited 10 October 2018]. Available from: http://www.higiene.edu.uy/cefa/2008/BacteCEFA34.pdf
Díaz Soto L, Riverón F, Hernandez J, Ponce L, Machado C. Resistencia bacteriana [Internet]. Bvs.sld.cu. 2003 [cited 2 January 2019]. Available from: http://www.bvs.sld.cu/revistas/mil/vol32_1_03/mil07103.htm
Carbonó V, Cuan A. determinación de bacteriocinas en muestras de consorcios microbianos nativos de ecosistemas de manglar en el departamento del atlántico, como fuente potencial de nuevos tratamientos biomédicos [Internet]. Unilibrebaq.edu.co. 2017 Vol. 12, Núm. 1 [cited 3 January 2019]. Available from: http://www.unilibrebaq.edu.co/ojsinvestigacion/index.php/biociencias/article/view/ 867
Frase MW, Gleeson DB, Grierson PF, Laverock B, Kendrick GA. Metagenomic Evidence of Microbial Community Responsiveness to Phophorus and Salinity Gradients in Seagrass Sediments. FrontMicrobiol [Internet]. 2018 Jul 30;9:1703 [cited 2018 Oct 31] 9:17:1703. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30105009
Huang J, Lu C, Qian X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Shen Y. Effect of salinity on the growth, biological activity and secondary metabolites of some marine fungi. Acta Oceanol Sin [Internet]. 2011 May 28 [cited 2018 Nov 1];30(3):118–23. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13131-011-0126-3
Tomoari K, Williams D. Monobactam - an overview. ScienceDirect Topics [Internet]. Sciencedirect.com. 2014 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/monobactam
Mulichak AM, Losey HC, Walsh CT, Garavito RM. Estructura de la UDP- glucosiltransferasa GtfB que modifica el Heptapéptido Aglicona en la biosíntesis de los antibióticos de grupo de vancomicina [Internet] Sciencedirect 2001 Vol 9 pages 547-557 [cited 2019 January 7]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969212601006165
Hassan SS, Anjum K, Abbas SQ, Akhter N, Shagufta BI, Shah SA, et al. ELSEVIER [Internet]. 2017 Vol 49 pages 34-47 [cited 2019 March ]; 49(1):34-47 Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668916303039?via%3Dih ub&fbclid=IwAR3aF-pR6 jAhoKQ775KfIOJ5GpPRLDU1wUXJFz32ZfYlo- nsuRb_SqnBDY
Sun J, Deng Z, Yan A. Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps: Mechanisms, physiology and pharmacological exploitations [Internet] Sciencedirec 2014 Vol 453 pages 254-267 [cited 7 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X14009711
Blanco P, Amado SH, Reales JA, Corona F, Lira F, Alcalde M et al. Bombas bacterianas de eflujo multidroga: mucho más que los determinantes de resistencia a los antibióticos [Internet] Microorganisms. 2016 Mar; 4(1): 14. [cited 7 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5029519/
Resistencia a los antimicrobianos [Internet]. Who.int. 2019 [cited 14 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/resistencia-a-los-antimicrobianos
Angles E. Uso racional de antimicrobianos y resistencia bacteriana: ¿hacia dónde vamos?. Rev Med Hered [Internet] Rev Med Hered, Lima 2018 [cited 14 January 2019]. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1018130X201800010 0001&lng=es
Cabrera C, GÓMEZ R, ZUÑIGA A. La resistencia de bacterias a antibióticos, antisépticos y desinfectantesuna manifestación de los mecanismos de supervivencia y adaptación [Internet]. Redalyc.org. 2019 [cited 2 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/html/283/28338208/
Echevarria Z J. Resistencia bacteriana [Internet]. Scielo.org.pe. 2019 [cited 2 February 2019]. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/rmh/v9n2/v9n2e2.pdf
Johnson SS, Chevrette MG, Ehlmann BL, Benison KC. Insights from the Metagenome of an Acid Salt Lake: The Role of Biology in an Extreme Depositional Environment. Janssen PJ, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 Apr 29 [cited 2019 Apr 11];10(4):e0122869. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122869
Gómez CA, Leal AL, Pérez M de J, Navarrete ML. Resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: understanding a dangerous enemy. Rev la Fac Med [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2019 Apr 11];53(1):27–34. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120- 00112005000100004
De Silva PM, Kumar A. Effect of Sodium Chloride on Surface-Associated Motility of Acinetobacter baumannii and the Role of AdeRS Two-Component System. J Membr Biol [Internet]. 2018 Feb 2 [cited 2019 Apr 11];251(1):5–13. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00232-017-9985-7
La OMS publica la lista de las bacterias para las que se necesitan urgentemente nuevos antibióticos [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2019 [cited 1 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/detail/27-02- 2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2019
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2019
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
eu_rights_str_mv closedAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 75p.
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.region.none.fl_str_mv Ranchería- La Guajira
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá DC
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico
institution Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/1/PRESENTACION%20TESIS%20EFECTO%20DE%20LA%20SALINIDAD.pdf
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/2/TESIS%20FINAL%20DE%20LIBIA%20VANESSA%20DAZA%202019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/3/IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/4/license.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/5/PRESENTACION%20TESIS%20EFECTO%20DE%20LA%20SALINIDAD.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/7/TESIS%20FINAL%20DE%20LIBIA%20VANESSA%20DAZA%202019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/9/IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/6/PRESENTACION%20TESIS%20EFECTO%20DE%20LA%20SALINIDAD.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/8/TESIS%20FINAL%20DE%20LIBIA%20VANESSA%20DAZA%202019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/10/IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 7c77488aa70e9979dbbe60e4ade62842
f1299466324084d081257864cf062c62
8c0b0c0f808d063be7c3b6d49ef5d5d7
2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a
d4c256db2873d1dd51556151d3863c06
64ef4ac16e9ee141650385210d360c16
09b823826ab38ff1a1591156c9027c69
ff65c30773ab1a92d4ad17a8983039e6
4417df8416339198fb0a88183395e31d
75b7e6fd73d587779a53778916fa1ede
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital Unicolmayor
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@unicolmayor.edu.co
_version_ 1812210048738263040
spelling Vanegas Guerrero, Javier5c355b1928b3152d824b75fcd7631f93Camacho Kurmen, Judith Elena88ec3d87924bea44fb175e7780652267600Daza Giraldo, Libia Vanessa7c352642f1696ee285f8842348275ba42021-11-12T20:34:35Z2021-11-12T20:34:35Z2019-06https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/364960034La salinidad en los manglares afecta la producción de metabolitos secundarios, los cuales son de interés biotecnológico como los compuestos antimicrobianos. Sin embargo, la información de la biosíntesis de metabolitos secundarios, la resistencia microbiana y el efecto de la salinidad en la expresión de los genes en los ecosistemas de manglar es limitada. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos presentes en el suelo rizosférico utilizando metagenómica y bioinformática. Por medio de la extracción de ADN, se secuenciaron en la plataforma Illumina HiSeq y análisis de los datos utilizando la plataforma web MicrobiomeAnalyst y STAMP. Se encontró que las abundancias de genes presentaron diferencias significativas en relación con los gradientes de salinidad baja, media y alta de la comunidad bacteriana del manglar en la desembocadura del Río Ranchería y se estableció la diversidad funcional de los genes con actividad antimicrobiana y la resistencia de estas, siendo Streptomycin biosynthesis la vía más abundante asociada a la síntesis de antimicrobianos en los tres puntos de salinidad y el gen más abundante K01710 (E4.2.1.46, rfbB, rffG; dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase) igualmente en los tres puntos de salinidad.RESUMEN 11 INTRODUCCIÓN 13 1.OBJETIVOS 15 1.1General 15 1.2 Específicos 15 2. ANTECEDENTES 16 3. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 20 3.1. Definición de Manglar 20 3.2. Manglares en Colombia 20 3.3. Manglares de la Guajira 21 3.4. Área de estudio 22 3.4.1 Localización 22 3.5. Metabolitos primarios secundarios 22 3.5.1 Producción de metabolitos secundarios 23 3.5.2 Uso de metabolitos secundarios 23 3.6 Técnicas 23 3.6.1. Bioinformática 24 3.6.2 Marco legal 24 3.7. Factores de estrés 24 3.7.1. Salinidad 25 3.8 Resistencia bacteriana 25 3.8.1 Mecanismos de resistencia 25 4. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 28 4.1 Universo 28 4.1.1 Población 28 4.1.2 Muestra 28 4.1.3 Variable dependiente 28 4.1.4 Variable independiente 28 4.1.5 Indicadores 28 4.2. Hipótesis 28 4.2.1 Variable 28 4.2.2 Indicador 28 4.2.3 Tipo de investigación 28 4.3 TÉCNICAS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS 29 4.3.1 Descripción del lugar de estudio 29 4.3.2 Características del lugar de muestreo 30 4.3.3 Extracción de ADN y secuenciación de las muestras 30 4.3.4 Análisis bioinformático y bioestadístico 31 4.3.5 Revisión bibliográfica 31 4.3.6 Clasificación de Actinomicetos 31 5. RESULTADOS 32 5.1 Abundancias de reads en cada punto de salinidad 32 5.2 Vías metabólicas asociados a biosíntesis de antimicrobiano 33 5.2.1 Genes y vías metabólicas 35 5.3 Clasificación de actinomicetos 38 5.4 Clasificación, mecanismo de acción y bacterias involucradas en la biosíntesis de antimicrobianos 39 5.5 Análisis de componentes principales de los genes asociados a la resistencia de antimicrobianos 41 5.5.1 Genes y vía metabólica asociados a la resistencia 41 6. DISCUSIÓN 45 7. CONCLUSIONES 50 7.1 REFENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 51 8. ANEXOS 69PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico75p.application/pdfspaUniversidad Colegio Mayor de CundinamarcaFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludBogotá DCBacteriología y Laboratorio ClínicoDerechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2019https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbEfecto de la salinidad sobre la abundancia de genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en la desembocadura del río Ranchería en la Guajira.Trabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionRanchería- La GuajiraAlzubaidy H, Essack M, Malas TB, Bokhari A, Motwalli O, Kamanu FK et al. Rhizosphere micrbiome metagenomics of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in the sea. [Internet]. Gene 2016 [cited 27 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475934?fbclid=IwAR26xvdOxiNXO0WO dbv_AxU4HjnHg3wxZxTGWMUAx8Q34wXCd2m7iiCPdhASimoes MF, Antunes A, Ottini CA, Amini MS, Alam I, ALzubaidy H et al. Soil and Rhizosphere Associeted Fungi in Gray Mangroves (avicennia marina) from the Red sea a Metagenomic Aprproach. [Internet]. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2015-1;576(2 Pt 1):626-36 [cited 27 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475934?fbclid=IwAR26xvdOxiNXO0WO dbv_AxU4HjnHg3wxZxTGWMUAx8Q34wXCd2m7iiCPdhAF.V, Ullah I, SA.A, Backhsh SA, M.Y, AL-Ghamdi AAK et al. Isolation, diversity, and biotechnological potential of rhizo and endoohytix bacteria associated with mangrove plants from Saudi Arabia [Internet]. Genet Mol Res. 2017 –jun, 20;16(2). [cited 29 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653740?fbclid=IwAR3KdGVje1u1qtPV0E 2-p42ygvAiu10LcpwM5_9BMLwbONgc6DPo59Ab9mYRigonato J, D. Kent A, Gumiere T, Henrique L , Dini Andreote F, Fátima Fiore M. Temporal assessment of microbial communities in soils of two contrasting mangroves [Internet]. Braz J Microbiol. 2018 Jan-Mar; 49(1): 87–96. [cited 29 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790579/Bikash Baral M. Activation of microbial secondary metabolic pathways: Avenues and challenges [Internet]. PubMed Central (PMC). 2018-Sep; 3(3): 163–178 [cited 17 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190515/Reen FJ, Romano S, D.W. Dobson A, O’Gara F. The Sound of Silence: Activating Silent Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Marine Microorganisms [Internet]. Mar Drugs. 2015 Aug; 13(8): 4754–4783 [cited 18 November 2018]. Avariable from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557003/Madangchanok Imchen V. Comparative mangrove metagenome reveals global prevalence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistome across different ecosystems [Internet]. PubMed Central (PMC). 2018- 8: 11187. [cited 29 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060162/F L, Huergo D, Rissi A, S E, Gernet V et al. Influence of ancient anthropogenic activities on the mangrove soil microbiome [Internet]. Science of The Total Environment Volume 645, 15 December 2018, Pages 1-9 [cited 29 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718325798?via%3Dih ubAl-Amoudi S, Razali R, Essack M, Amini M, Bougouffa S, A.C J et al. Metagenomics as a preliminary screen for antimicrobial bioprospecting [Internet]. Sciencedirect.com. 2019 Vol 594 pages 248-258 [cited 30 December 2018]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811191630748XAl-Amoudi S, Razali R, Mohammad M, Bougoffa S, Archer A.C et al. Metagenomics as a preliminary screen for antimicrobial bioprospecting [Internet]. Sciencedirect.com. 2016 [cited 30 december 2018]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811191630748X?via%3Dih ubAlves L, Westmann C, Lovate G, Viana G, Cabral T, Guazzaroni M. Metagenomic Approaches for Understanding New Concepts in Microbial Science [Internet]. Int J Genomics. 2018-2018: 2312987. [cited 30 december 2018]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126073/Galvan V, Garcia A. Determinación de bacteriocinas en muestras de consorcios microbianos nativos de ecosistemas de manglar en el departamento del atlántico, como fuente potencial de nuevos tratamientos biomédicos. [Internet]. ResearchGate. 2017 [cited 30 december 2018]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327534385_determinacion_de_bacterio cinas_en_muestras_de_consorcios_microbianos_nativos_de_ecosistemas_de_m anglar_en_el_departamento_del_atlantico_como_fuente_potencial_de_nuevos_tr atamientos_biomedicosLogesh AR, Thillaimaharani KA, Sharmila K, Kalaiselvam M, Raffi SM. Production of chitosan from endolichenic fungi isolated from mangrove environment ans its antogonictic activity. [Internet] Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012 Feb;2(2):140-3 [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569884?fbclid=IwAR1jHibwr5IFxXp0Hv6 67hgehtyhOe1JRx6VVaegd-3LM8gLfFqhvCknHToYuan G, Hong K, Lin H, She Z and Li J. New Azalomycin F Analogs from Mangrove Streptomyces sp. 211726 with Activity against Microbes and Cancer Cells. [Internet] Mar Drugs 201- Mar; 11(3): 817–8293 [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705372/?fbclid=IwAR1qUVrUzbn vuob-tKl_DqZ4mnZdkuxXAstcDiXVMDwVlqfU4_xxPAF0yEoSengupta S, Pramanik A, Ghosh A and Bhattachary M. Antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes isolated from unexplored regions of Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. [Internet] BMC Microbiol 2015-15:170. [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546244/?fbclid=IwAR1qlgYMRqy PeiUkzrqD4PM8uHLtQtj-nh9uwctuWpLSb97ar6ljI6nfdK8Al-Amoudi S, Essack M, Simoes M, Bougoussa S, Soloviev I, Archer J et al. Bioprospeccion de los ecosistemas costeros del Mar Rojo para microorganismos cultivables y su potencial antimicrobiano. [Internet] Mar Drogas 2016 Sep; 14(9): 165. [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039536/?fbclid=IwAR1rPPhsfe3tj MCVBSnFMjF7fbbY0LcqZOyyy-TkzDXJA7zOifAVtpN0uJkDemers D, Knestrick M, Fleeman R, Tawfik R, Azhari A, Souza A et al.Exploitation of Mangrove Endophytic Fungi for Infectious Disease Grug Discovery. [Internet] Mar Drugs 2018-Oct; 16(10): 376. [cited 4 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6212984/?fbclid=IwAR2XLYLaXN WgMX1NaD-kAmBv4GMNCHqbSG0mMaPKndEmqDIkrCziMLFm_YIHugenholtz, P., Goebel, B.M. & Pace, N.R. Impact of CultureIndependent Studies on the Emerging Phylogenetic View of Bacterial Diversity. Journal of Bacteriology 180(18), 4765- 4774 (1998)Zhi-Qiang Xiong , Jian-Feng Wang , Yu-You Hao , and Yong Wang . Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Marine Microbial Natural Products. [Internet] Mar Drugs 2013- Mar; 11(3): 700–717. [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705366/Zhou Z and Guo Y. Productos naturales bioactivos de la flora y fauna marina china. [Internet] APS 2012 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705366/?fbclid=IwAR0AJycXBrB DpyfMDgma0vNJmz35bBnU6iDwa_Y4pb7y34fhU49ECmWhTvUGong B, Chen S, Lan W, Huang Y and Zhu X. Potencial antimicrobino de actinomicetos aislados del suelo de manglar en el mar de Maowei en la costa sur de china. [Internet] Iran J Pharm Res 2018-Autumn; 17(4): 1339–1346 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6269563/?fbclid=IwAR3n2kkzIhLj5 0V5E6IVxEtp1_sbClZwX6iscP_vehMhP281cuh2O62gegEJalal K.C, Fatin N, M.A., Akbar J, Kamaruzzaman Y, Shahbudin S et al. Antibiotic resistance microbes in tropical mangrove sediments in east coast peninsular,Malaysia. [Internet] ACADEMIC JOURNALS 2010, Vol. 4 (8), pp. 640- 645 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJMR/article-full-text- pdf/0A0F24012464?fbclid=IwAR2MVJScHhWUidJkCm7MaS5EEIm0PBUzgxblrJ 7wM2cLZTgchp4e1NNyPsoCabral L, Lacerda G, Pereira S, Cavalcante A, Dias F, Cadete L, et al. Anthropogenic impacto n mangrove sediments triggers differential responses in the heavy metals and antibiotic resistomes of microbial communities. [Internet] ScienceDirect 2016 Vol.216 pages 460-469 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116304663?fbclid=Iw AR1jJeW9gSyyEzma6viXH8myhavz_ex1nUcvTfK8OHqt_n0vSFGu-HHxOMwNakayama T, Tuyet T, Harada K, Warisaya M, Asayama M, Hinenoya A et al. Water metagenomic analysis reveals low bacterial diversuty ans the presence of antimicrobial residues and resistance genes in a river containing wastewater from backyatd aquacultures in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. [Internet] ScienceDirect 2017 Vol 222 pages 294-306 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116307345?fbclid=Iw AR2tSgPbuh7v_a3WVP41lTxwlhb9ol0ywC4nSZEioPQeENGVeTB52X_tbEHugenholtz, P., Goebel, B.M. & Pace, N.R. Impact of CultureIndependent Studies on the Emerging Phylogenetic View of Bacterial Diversity. Journal of Bacteriology 180(18), 4765- 4774 (1998)Venter, J.C. et al. Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Science 304(5667), 66-74 (2004).Castillo-Machalskis I, DArmas H, Malaver N, Núñez M. Actividad antibacteriana de extractos de hongos aislados de raíces del mangle Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) en Venezuela [Internet]. Scielo.sa.cr. 2018 [cited 17 September 2018]. Available from: 59 http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S003477442007000300 002HF dos Santos, JC Cury, FL do Carmo, AL dos Santos, J. Tiedje, JD van Elsas, y col. Diversidad bacteriana del manglar y el impacto de la contaminación del petróleo revelado por pirosecuenciación: proxies bacterianos para la contaminación por hidrocarburos PLoS One, 6. [Internet]. (2011) Available from: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188499920070003 00004Troncoso C, Pavez M, Santo A, Salazar R, Barrientos L. Implicancias Estructurales y Fisiológicas de la Célula Bacteriana en los Mecanismos de Resistencia Antibiótica [Internet]. Scielo.conicyt.cl. 2017 35(4):1214-1223, [cited 9 January 2019]. Available from: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/ijmorphol/v35n4/0717- 9502-ijmorphol-35-04-01214.pdfMoghaieb R, Saneoka H and Fujita K. Effect of salinity on osmotic adjustment, glycinebetaine accumulation and the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in two halophytic plants, Salicornia europaea and Suaeda marítima [Internet]. CienceDirect 2004 Vol 166 pages 1345-1349 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168945204000445?fbclid=Iw AR3sVNcFVZGCIpFFVcHEduyzIbLldPBDhZ7CV-U0fArtACSudQF-ZDqFWPMMunns R. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. [Internet]. NewPhytologist 2005 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.14698137.2005.01487.x?fbcli 60 d=IwAR2wBmwJcxIC1uiNSuyqU78mCrV99eDJBOGF8uVpQG82RWlhbIbKPF0V asRietz D.N, Haynes R.J. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity. [Internet]. ScienceDirect 2003 Vol 35 pages 845-854 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071703001251?fbclid =IwAR3u4NPDp1tYER4_wsTG9KPExiheAr4ohhpNt74DOi3ltKzHEBQOoJ2iOQAndreote F, Jimenez D, Chaves D, Franco A, Luvizotto D, Fasanella C. The Microbiome of Brazilian Mangrove Sediments as Revealed by Metagenomics. [Internet]. Pubmed 2012 [cited 5 March 2019]. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0038600&fb clid=IwAR3u4NPDp1tYER4_wsTG9KPExiheAr4ohhpNt74DOi3ltKzHEBQOoJ2iO QStreptomycin - DrugBank [Internet]. Drugbank.ca. 2018 [cited 9 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01082?fbclid=IwAR0MzBKRTmmArzcLTZqSfD 2JQ0Ug2o61u2UJOZhNccGi2GxqGxZ2ja4LaJEKemung H, Tan L, Mehmood T, Chan K.G, Puesparajah P, Goh B.H et al. Streptomyces as a prominent Resource of Futue Anti-MRSA drugs. [Internet]. Front Microbiol 2018- 9:2221. [cited 30 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165876/?fbclid=IwAR1If6ARufoat 25hIHzwYx17V9z_YidZZFNV5U8eFzmEhxXovxUyqMyQvDoHernandez L, Velazquez I, Orozco M.C, Santoyo G. Metagenómica de suelos: grandes desafíos y nuevas oportunidades biotecnológicas. [Internet]. OYTON 2010 [cited 30 March 2019]. Available from: http://revistaphyton.fund- romuloraggio.org.ar/vol79/HernandezLeon.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1lplBKqhAXFh5ic2XN c8qis8j2H-sRRrawcO6JMjkGQRJJoMyx1ACwzkE.Monobactámico - EcuRed [Internet]. Ecured.cu. 2008 [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ecured.cu/Monobact%C3%A1mico?fbclid=IwAR1Fr7bwGCQpVMAH 56nlUl0ccOx1myFxor6FtCpki03o9zVe-iqECR9au8Venter H, Mowla R, Ohene-Agyei T and Ma S. RND-type grup efflux pumps from Gram-negative bacteria:molecular mechanism ans inhibition. [Internet]. Front Microbiol 2015- 6:377 [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412071/?fbclid=IwAR27q7WBtS9 I9kC0MuBiHdNSqjvYmoBaLo3_qDfd9HGDl0Q3OoQbkA2NZALong S, Sousa E, Kijjoa A and Pinto M. Marine Natural Products as Models to Circumvent Multidrug Resistance. [Internet]. Molecules 2016 Jul; 21(7): 892 [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273648/?fbclid=IwAR0dBdENB1y V8MokVeJ3lAbJEUcqj8PKYxn_aCP-4iDqMZ36UAI6M1cV3kkCapdeville C, Pommier T, Gervaix J, Fromard F, Rols J and Leflaive J. Mangrove Facies Drives Resistance and Resilience of Sediment Microbes Exposed to Anthropic Disturbance. [Internet]. Front Microbiol 2018- 9: 3337. [cited 9 March 2019]. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340982/?fbclid=IwAR0BKZC_s2J VmMoJytBEn09oBDVITr8iJlG1CKpoDsXLRlrrCnr1AsM-GSgrmlB - dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase - Streptococcus mutans serotype c (strain ATCC 700610 / UA159) - rmlB gene & protein [Internet]. Uniprot.org. 2017 [cited 10 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P95780?fbclid=IwAR1_R5A0ag1Ng093GugOZn6 hEVpBqr2ECSXZ99pgp6SIplLyMAlmODfG1tkWei Y, Zhang L, Zhou Z and Yan X. Diversity of gene clusters for polyketide ans nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis revealed by metagenomic analysis of the yellow sea sediment. [Internet]. FontMicrobiol 2018- 9: 295. [cited 10 March 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835077/?fbclid=IwAR3Ed9KlKI_o VH5SblJnyDf0f_tgqqW4yIxBoW77qIh2ri2vlUF6id3_99YEMBL-EBI I. 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (IPR011284) < InterPro < EMBL-EBI [Internet]. Ebi.ac.uk. 2018 [cited 10 March 2019]. Available from: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR011284?fbclid=IwAR3aSxRV96WKpB41lA OdG7dFKo1-1cjKZG-vj-euBntlO0_8x4D8fl8e5KIDocumento Conpes. POLÍTICA PARA EL DESARROLLO COMERCIAL DE LA BIOTECNOLOGÍA A PARTIR DEL USO SOSTENIBLE DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD [Internet]. [consultado 2019 March 29]. Disponible en: https://www.cbd.int/doc/measures/abs/post-protocol/msr-abs-co-es.pdfCorporativo Noticias y eventosNoticias Infantil Funcionarios Gestion institucionalRecurso humano Evaluación de Desempeño Acuerdos de Gestión Ofertas de Empleo ContrataciónPlaneación G, Gestion institucionalRecurso humano Evaluación de Desempeño Acuerdos de Gestión Ofertas de Empleo ContrataciónPlaneación G, Planeación G, Ambiental V, Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Trámites y servicios Peticiones V, Peticiones D et al. Manglares [Internet]. Crc.gov.co. 2018 [cited 27 June 2018]. Available from: http://www.crc.gov.co/index.php/ambiental/ecosistemas-estrategicos/manglaresLema Vélez, L. and Polanía, J. (2018). Estructura y dinámica del manglar del delta del río Ranchería, Caribe colombiano. [online] Scielo.sa.cr. Available at: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S003477442007000100003&script=sci_art text [Accessed 27 Jun. 2018]USO SOSTENIBLE, MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS DE MANGLAR [Internet]. Cinto.invemar.org.co. 2002 [cited 17 September 2018]. Available from: http://cinto.invemar.org.co/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/472dde51-ccb9- 4d50-b5a9 8538a02fbff2/Uso%20sostenible,%20manejo%20y%20conservaci%C3%B3n%20 de%20los%20ecosistemas%20de%20manglar%20en%20Colombia?ticket=TICK ET_cb6ebc94ede6370a0a11a98bc931ffa9061d9d73DISPERSIÓN Y ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LAS ESPECIES DE MANGLE DEL RÍO RANCHERÍA EN EL PERÍODO DE MÁXIMA FRUCTIFICACIÓN [Internet]. Observatorioirsb.org. 2018 [cited 24 July 2018]. Available from: http://observatorioirsb.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/dispersion-y- establecimiento-de-las-especies-de-mangle-del-rio-rancheria-en-el-periodo-de- maxima-fructificacion.pdfVanessa L.R.NogueiraaLidianne L.RochaaGeórgia B.ColaresaAlysson LiraAngelima et al. Microbiomes and potential metabolic pathways of pristine and anthropized Brazilian mangroves. [online] Regional Studies in Marine Science 2015-Vol2 pages 56-64. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485515000407COLECCIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA [Internet]. Repository.javeriana.edu.co. 2018 [cited 17 September 2018]. Available from: https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10554/9003/CMPUJ%20L098 .pdf?sequence=1Iglesias O., Díaz N., Cabranes Y., Acevedo M., et al. The seaweed of Cuban’s shelf as source of bioactive extracts. [online] Departamento de Bioactivos Marinos y Productos Naturales 2003-16: 36-45. Available from : http://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/2918/Macroalgas%20de%20la %20plataforma%20insular%20cubana.......pdf?sequence=1KEGG PATHWAY: Carbapenem biosynthesis and de Penillin and Cephalosporin Biosynthesis [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2018 [cited 19 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?ko00332.Beltrán V., Díaz C, Gómez H. Tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar de especies de plantas promisorias de la costa atlántica colombiana. [online] universidad de Cartagena 2013. Available from: http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revcubplamed/cpm2013/cpm134m.pdf.V, García A. Bacteriocins determination of samples of microbial consortia native mangrove ecosystem in the department of atlantic as a potential source of biomedical new treatments. [Online] Biociencias 2017 Vol. 12, No. 1, 2017, págs. 37-51. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6228789Hernández-León R, Velázquez-Sepúlveda I, Orozco-Mosqueda M, Santoyo G. Metagenómica de suelos: grandes desafíos y nuevas oportunidades biotecnológicas [Internet]. Scielo.org.ar. 2018 [cited 18 September 2018]. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S185156572010000200004&script=sci_ar ttext&tlng=enSolórzano LR., J Arencibia., Conill C., Veloz G., Araújo J. Impacto de la Bioinformática en las ciencias biomédicas. [Internet] ACIMED. 2003 [ cited 18 september 2018]. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S102494352003000400007Los manglares de la peninsula de baja california [Internet]. Cibnor.repositorioinstitucional.mx. 2018 [cited 18 September 2018]. Available from: https://cibnor.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/bitstream/1001/900/1/Cap5_Libro_L OS%20MANGLARES%20DE%20LA%20PENINSULA%20DE%20BAJA%20CALI FORNIA.pdfGarcía-Morales S, Gómez-Merino F, Trejo-Téllez L, Herrera-Cabrera É. TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS INVOLVED IN MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF PLANTS TO OSMOTIC STRESS [Internet]. Revistafitotecniamexicana.org. 2018 [cited 19 September 2018]. Available from: https://www.revistafitotecniamexicana.org/documentos/36-2/2a.pdfSeija V, Vignoli R. Principales grupos de antibióticos [Internet]. Higiene.edu.uy. 2017 [cited 10 October 2018]. Available from: http://www.higiene.edu.uy/cefa/2008/BacteCEFA34.pdfMetaCyc streptomycin biosynthesis [Internet]. Biocyc.org. 2019 [cited 26 November 2018]. Available from: https://biocyc.org/META/NEW- IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-5940O'Sullivan J e. Biosynthesis of monobactam compounds: origin of the carbon atoms in the beta-lactam ring. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 1984 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6805424KEGG PATHWAY: map00261 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map00261Williams R. Biosynthesis of Prodigiosin, a Secondary Metabolite of Serratia marcescens [Internet]. PubMed Central (PMC). 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC380817/KEGG PATHWAY: map00333 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map00333Moreno Monge K. CARBAPENÉMICOS: TIPOS Y MECANISMOS DE RESISTENCIA BACTERIANOS [Internet]. Binasss.sa.cr. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: http://www.binasss.sa.cr/revistas/rmcc/608/art8.pdfLA K. Biosynthesis of novobiocin by Streptomyces niveus. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4680802KEGG PATHWAY: ko00999 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ko00999T K. Biosynthetic genes for aminoglycoside antibiotics. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644520B V. Biosynthesis of enediyne antitumor antibiotics. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2008 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18397168KEGG PATHWAY: map01059 [Internet]. Genome.jp. 2019 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map01059B. Pinkens L, Tang Y. Decodificación e ingeniería Biosíntesis de tetraciclina [Internet]. Metab Eng, PMC 2010 [cited 28 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010235/Mulichak A.M, Losey H.C, T.Walsh C, Garavito R.M. Structure of the UDP- Glucosyltransferase GtfB That Modifies the Heptapeptide Aglycone in the Biosynthesis of Vancomycin Group Antibiotics [Internet]. ScienceDirect. 2001 [cited 3 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969212601006165Serra Valdés M. La resistencia microbiana en el contexto actual y la importancia del conocimiento y aplicación en la política antimicrobiana [Internet]. Scielo.sld.cu. 2017 [cited 1 February 2019]. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2017000300011Qué es la resistencia a los antimicrobianos? [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2019 [cited 1 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/features/qa/75/es/Seija V, Vignoli R. Principales grupos de antibióticos [Internet]. Higiene.edu.uy. 2019 [cited 10 October 2018]. Available from: http://www.higiene.edu.uy/cefa/2008/BacteCEFA34.pdfDíaz Soto L, Riverón F, Hernandez J, Ponce L, Machado C. Resistencia bacteriana [Internet]. Bvs.sld.cu. 2003 [cited 2 January 2019]. Available from: http://www.bvs.sld.cu/revistas/mil/vol32_1_03/mil07103.htmCarbonó V, Cuan A. determinación de bacteriocinas en muestras de consorcios microbianos nativos de ecosistemas de manglar en el departamento del atlántico, como fuente potencial de nuevos tratamientos biomédicos [Internet]. Unilibrebaq.edu.co. 2017 Vol. 12, Núm. 1 [cited 3 January 2019]. Available from: http://www.unilibrebaq.edu.co/ojsinvestigacion/index.php/biociencias/article/view/ 867Frase MW, Gleeson DB, Grierson PF, Laverock B, Kendrick GA. Metagenomic Evidence of Microbial Community Responsiveness to Phophorus and Salinity Gradients in Seagrass Sediments. FrontMicrobiol [Internet]. 2018 Jul 30;9:1703 [cited 2018 Oct 31] 9:17:1703. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30105009Huang J, Lu C, Qian X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Shen Y. Effect of salinity on the growth, biological activity and secondary metabolites of some marine fungi. Acta Oceanol Sin [Internet]. 2011 May 28 [cited 2018 Nov 1];30(3):118–23. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13131-011-0126-3Tomoari K, Williams D. Monobactam - an overview. ScienceDirect Topics [Internet]. Sciencedirect.com. 2014 [cited 6 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/monobactamMulichak AM, Losey HC, Walsh CT, Garavito RM. Estructura de la UDP- glucosiltransferasa GtfB que modifica el Heptapéptido Aglicona en la biosíntesis de los antibióticos de grupo de vancomicina [Internet] Sciencedirect 2001 Vol 9 pages 547-557 [cited 2019 January 7]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969212601006165Hassan SS, Anjum K, Abbas SQ, Akhter N, Shagufta BI, Shah SA, et al. ELSEVIER [Internet]. 2017 Vol 49 pages 34-47 [cited 2019 March ]; 49(1):34-47 Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668916303039?via%3Dih ub&fbclid=IwAR3aF-pR6 jAhoKQ775KfIOJ5GpPRLDU1wUXJFz32ZfYlo- nsuRb_SqnBDYSun J, Deng Z, Yan A. Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps: Mechanisms, physiology and pharmacological exploitations [Internet] Sciencedirec 2014 Vol 453 pages 254-267 [cited 7 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X14009711Blanco P, Amado SH, Reales JA, Corona F, Lira F, Alcalde M et al. Bombas bacterianas de eflujo multidroga: mucho más que los determinantes de resistencia a los antibióticos [Internet] Microorganisms. 2016 Mar; 4(1): 14. [cited 7 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5029519/Resistencia a los antimicrobianos [Internet]. Who.int. 2019 [cited 14 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/resistencia-a-los-antimicrobianosAngles E. Uso racional de antimicrobianos y resistencia bacteriana: ¿hacia dónde vamos?. Rev Med Hered [Internet] Rev Med Hered, Lima 2018 [cited 14 January 2019]. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1018130X201800010 0001&lng=esCabrera C, GÓMEZ R, ZUÑIGA A. La resistencia de bacterias a antibióticos, antisépticos y desinfectantesuna manifestación de los mecanismos de supervivencia y adaptación [Internet]. Redalyc.org. 2019 [cited 2 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/html/283/28338208/Echevarria Z J. Resistencia bacteriana [Internet]. Scielo.org.pe. 2019 [cited 2 February 2019]. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/rmh/v9n2/v9n2e2.pdfJohnson SS, Chevrette MG, Ehlmann BL, Benison KC. Insights from the Metagenome of an Acid Salt Lake: The Role of Biology in an Extreme Depositional Environment. Janssen PJ, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 Apr 29 [cited 2019 Apr 11];10(4):e0122869. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122869Gómez CA, Leal AL, Pérez M de J, Navarrete ML. Resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: understanding a dangerous enemy. Rev la Fac Med [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2019 Apr 11];53(1):27–34. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120- 00112005000100004De Silva PM, Kumar A. Effect of Sodium Chloride on Surface-Associated Motility of Acinetobacter baumannii and the Role of AdeRS Two-Component System. J Membr Biol [Internet]. 2018 Feb 2 [cited 2019 Apr 11];251(1):5–13. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00232-017-9985-7La OMS publica la lista de las bacterias para las que se necesitan urgentemente nuevos antibióticos [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2019 [cited 1 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/detail/27-02- 2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-neededactividad antimicrobianametabolitos secundariosresistenciaMetagenómicabioinformáticagenesORIGINALPRESENTACION TESIS EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD.pdfPRESENTACION TESIS EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD.pdfapplication/pdf2483861https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/1/PRESENTACION%20TESIS%20EFECTO%20DE%20LA%20SALINIDAD.pdf7c77488aa70e9979dbbe60e4ade62842MD51open accessTESIS FINAL DE LIBIA VANESSA DAZA 2019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdfTESIS FINAL DE LIBIA VANESSA DAZA 2019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdfapplication/pdf960169https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/2/TESIS%20FINAL%20DE%20LIBIA%20VANESSA%20DAZA%202019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdff1299466324084d081257864cf062c62MD52open accessIDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADO.pdfIDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADO.pdfapplication/pdf346861https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/3/IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf8c0b0c0f808d063be7c3b6d49ef5d5d7MD53metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/4/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD54open accessTEXTPRESENTACION TESIS EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD.pdf.txtPRESENTACION TESIS EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain18105https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/5/PRESENTACION%20TESIS%20EFECTO%20DE%20LA%20SALINIDAD.pdf.txtd4c256db2873d1dd51556151d3863c06MD55open accessTESIS FINAL DE LIBIA VANESSA DAZA 2019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.txtTESIS FINAL DE LIBIA VANESSA DAZA 2019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain107209https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/7/TESIS%20FINAL%20DE%20LIBIA%20VANESSA%20DAZA%202019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.txt64ef4ac16e9ee141650385210d360c16MD57open accessIDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADO.pdf.txtIDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADO.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain20https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/9/IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf.txt09b823826ab38ff1a1591156c9027c69MD59metadata only accessTHUMBNAILPRESENTACION TESIS EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD.pdf.jpgPRESENTACION TESIS EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7492https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/6/PRESENTACION%20TESIS%20EFECTO%20DE%20LA%20SALINIDAD.pdf.jpgff65c30773ab1a92d4ad17a8983039e6MD56open accessTESIS FINAL DE LIBIA VANESSA DAZA 2019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.jpgTESIS FINAL DE LIBIA VANESSA DAZA 2019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7849https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/8/TESIS%20FINAL%20DE%20LIBIA%20VANESSA%20DAZA%202019-bacteriologia-3-75.pdf.jpg4417df8416339198fb0a88183395e31dMD58open accessIDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADO.pdf.jpgIDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADO.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7154https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/3649/10/IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf.jpg75b7e6fd73d587779a53778916fa1edeMD510metadata only accessunicolmayor/3649oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/36492021-11-13 03:00:46.683An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open accessBiblioteca Digital Unicolmayorrepositorio@unicolmayor.edu.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

Publicaciones similares