Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental
En los últimos años, ha crecido la preocupación en cuanto a la seguridad y calidad de los alimentos. Los plaguicidas brindan protección a los cultivos, contribuyendo a su crecimiento apropiado y al rendimiento y calidad de producción de los mismos. Sin embargo, pueden permanecer por largos periodos...
- Autores:
-
Perdomo Montilla, Daniel Fernando
Sánchez Zambrano, Daniela Alejandra
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/6521
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6521
- Palabra clave:
- Aguacate
Disruptor endocrino
Plaguicidas
Fitoestrógenos
Sistema endocrino
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2022
id |
UCOLMAYOR2_98a2e2a00eaa8740fae9eb9fa6284057 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/6521 |
network_acronym_str |
UCOLMAYOR2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
title |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
spellingShingle |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental Aguacate Disruptor endocrino Plaguicidas Fitoestrógenos Sistema endocrino |
title_short |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
title_full |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
title_fullStr |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
title_sort |
Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documental |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Perdomo Montilla, Daniel Fernando Sánchez Zambrano, Daniela Alejandra |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Cifuentes Prieto, Patricia |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Perdomo Montilla, Daniel Fernando Sánchez Zambrano, Daniela Alejandra |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aguacate Disruptor endocrino Plaguicidas Fitoestrógenos |
topic |
Aguacate Disruptor endocrino Plaguicidas Fitoestrógenos Sistema endocrino |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sistema endocrino |
description |
En los últimos años, ha crecido la preocupación en cuanto a la seguridad y calidad de los alimentos. Los plaguicidas brindan protección a los cultivos, contribuyendo a su crecimiento apropiado y al rendimiento y calidad de producción de los mismos. Sin embargo, pueden permanecer por largos periodos de tiempo en los alimentos, la tierra e incluso en el agua causando su contaminación. El aguacate es una fruta ampliamente distribuida a nivel mundial, capaz de aportar diferentes beneficios nutricionales a la dieta. Dicho alimento está expuesto a una gran diversidad de agentes que causan enfermedades por lo que es esencial el uso de plaguicidas. No obstante, su uso indiscriminado puede contribuir directamente en la presencia de estos compuestos en el fruto. Por otro lado, el aguacate posee fitoestrógenos, compuestos producidos endógenamente, los cuales pueden imitar o modular la acción de los estrógenos endógenos y en consecuencia inducir respuestas biológicas. Un desbalance de dichas sustancias puede conllevar a un riesgo en el consumidor ya que algunas poseen actividad disruptora endocrina afectando negativamente la salud humana mediante la aparición de enfermedades. Por lo anterior, en el presente escrito se realizó una revisión documental sobre la presencia de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate y sus potenciales efectos. La metodología utilizada fue la revisión de artículos científicos, obtenidos de diversas bases de datos, acerca de los plaguicidas y fitoestrógenos con actividad disruptora endocrina relacionados a los cultivos y al fruto. La información recopilada permitió conocer las sustancias ya mencionadas, así como su capacidad de generar efectos adversos en salud relacionados a la disrupción endocrina. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-17T16:03:05Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-17T16:03:05Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6521 |
url |
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6521 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Torrado A. Uso de plaguicidas y exigencias de mercado agroalimentario [Internet]. Memorias II curso internacional de riesgos fitosanitarios para la agricultura colombiana. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario; 2006 [citado 2019 Jun 26]. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/getdoc/d3eecf95-6146-412b-be83-e1e507db9cd6/articulo_us odeplaguicidas.aspx Jobling S, Tyler CR. Introduction: The Ecological Relevance of Chemically Induced Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives [Internet]. 2006 Apr [cited 2019 Jun 26];114(Suppl 1):7–8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874178/ Gore A. Developmental programming and endocrine disruptor effects on reproductive neuroendocrine systems. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology [Internet]. 2008 Jun [cited 2019 Jun 26]; 29(3):358–374. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702520/ Hotchkiss AK, Rider CV, Blystone CR, Wilson VS, Hartig PC, Ankley GT, et al. Fifteen Years after “Wingspread”—Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Human and Wildlife Health: Where We are Today and Where We Need to Go. Toxicological Sciences [Internet]. 2008 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Feb 14];105(2):235–259. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721670/ Schoeters G, Den Hond E, Dhooge W, Van Larebeke N, Leijs M. Endocrine Disruptors and Abnormalities of Pubertal Development. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology [Internet]. 2008 Jan 22 [cited 2022 Feb 14];102(2):168–175. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00180.x Hsieh MH, Breyer BN, Eisenberg ML, Baskin LS. Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Current Urology Reports [Internet]. 2008 Mar [cited 2022 Feb 14];9(2):137–142. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18419998/ Monroe KR, Murphy SP, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Stanczyk FZ, Adlercreutz H, et al. Dietary Fiber Intake and Endogenous Serum Hormone Levels in Naturally Postmenopausal Mexican American Women: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Nutrition and Cancer [Internet]. 2007 Jul 20 [cited 2022 Jul 20];58(2):127–135. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17640158/ Mangiafico SS, Newman J, Merhaut DJ, Gan J, Faber B, Wu L. Nutrients and Pesticides in Stormwater Runoff and Soil Water in Production Nurseries and Citrus and Avocado Groves in California. HortTechnology [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2021 Apr 4];19(2):360–367. Available from: http://www.avocadosource.com/Journals/HortTechnology/HortTech_2009_19_2_PG_ 360-367.pdf Kuhnle GGC, Dell’Aquila C, Aspinall SM, Runswick SA, Joosen AMCP, Mulligan AA, et al. Phytoestrogen content of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the UK based on LC–MS and 13C-labelled standards. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2009 Sep [cited 2021 Sep 15];116(2):542–554. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881460900291X Fuentes E, Báez ME, Díaz J. Microwave-assisted extraction at atmospheric pressure coupled to different clean-up methods for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in olive and avocado oil. Journal of Chromatography A [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2021 Oct 23];1216(51):8859–8866. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967309016306 Chamkasem N, Ollis LW, Harmon T, Lee S, Mercer G. Analysis of 136 Pesticides in Avocado Using a Modified QuEChERS Method with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2013 Jan 29 [cited 2021 Apr 9];61(10):2315–2329. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf304191c Bajwa U, Sandhu KS. Effect of handling and processing on pesticide residues in food- a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology [Internet]. 2014 Feb [cited 2021 Apr 10];51(2):201–220. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907644/ Zhao L, Lucas D. Análisis multirresiduo de pesticidas en aguacate con el sistema Bond Elut con extracción mejorada en matriz de lípidos mediante GC/MS/MS [Internet]. Agilent Technologies; 2015 [citado 2021 Abr 12]. Disponible en: https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/applications/5991-6097ES.pdf Quiceno JM, Mora G, Barrera E, Estrada EM, Gómez DD, Cardona LM, et al. Pesticidas, residualidad y períodos de carencia : aplicaciones en el cultivo del aguacate [Internet]. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje; 2018 [citado 2021 Abr 12]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.sena.edu.co/bitstream/11404/4948/3/pesticidas_residualidad_care ncias.pdf Palacios OM, Cortes HN, Jenks BH, Maki KC. Naturally occurring hormones in foods and potential health effects. Toxicology Research and Application [Internet]. 2020 Jul 3 [cited 2022 Jul 20];4:239784732093628. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2397847320936281 Orabueze IC, Babalola R, Azuonwu O, Okoko I-I, Asare G. Evaluation of possible effects of Persea americana seeds on female reproductive hormonal and toxicity profile. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2021 Jun 12 [cited 2022 Jul 20];273:113870. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33484907/ Baulland DNA, Narcisse VB, Hervé T, Adamou M, Momo CMM, Nadège DM, et al. Influence of ethanolic extract of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed flour on the estrous cycle, the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, and the activities of oxidative stress markers in female cavies (Cavia porcellus L.). Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research [Internet]. 2021 Sep 20 [cited 2022 Jul 20];8(3):501–510. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34722750/#affiliation-1 Betancourt-Arango JP, Ossa-Jaramillo CA, Taborda-Ocampo G. Extracción de plaguicidas en el aguacate Hass (Persea americana Mill. cv.) mediante el uso de C 18 y arcillas funcionales como fase adsorbente en la metodología QuEChERS. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [Internet]. 2021 Mar 29 [citado 2022 Feb 2];45(174):286–299. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-390820210001002 86 Ministerio de Protección Social. Resolución 2906 de 2007 [Internet]. [Citado 15 Sep 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/Resolucion -2906-de-2007.pdf ICA. Listado de Registros nacionales de plaguicidas químicos de uso agrícola [Internet]. [Citado 15 Sep 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/getdoc/d3612ebf-a5a6-4702-8d4b-8427c1cdaeb1/registros-n acionales-pqua-15-04-09.aspx Alves C, Chagas L, Souza T, Toralles MB. Exposição ambiental a interferentes endócrinos com atividade estrogênica e sua associação com distúrbios puberais em crianças. Cadernos de Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2007 May [cited 2021 Apr 1];23(5):1005–1014. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007000500003 Argemi F, Cianni N, Porta A. Disrupción endocrina: perspectivas ambientales y salud pública. Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana [Internet]. 2005 Sep [citado 2021 Abr 1];39(3):291–300.Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/abcl/v39n3/v39n3a04.pdf Águila B, Verdecia F, Cué M. Estriol y sus derivados: Comportamiento de la tecnología en el mundo. Revista Cubana de Farmacia [Internet]. 1999 Dec [citado 2022 Feb 16];33(3):195–200. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75151999000300008 Locia J, Elena M, Aguilar H, Emiliano G, Abreu A, Rojas F, et al. El papel de los estrógenos y sus receptores en la prevención y promoción de enfermedades proliferativas de la glándula prostática. Revista de Neurobiología [Internet]. 2013 [citado 2022 Feb 16];4(8):300813. Disponible en: https://www.uv.mx/eneurobiologia/vols/2013/8/Locia/HTML.html Becerro M. Las hormonas esteroideas sexuales, el envejecimiento y el ejercicio. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte [Internet]. 2008 Mar [citado 2022 Feb 16];1(1):22–36. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3233/323327654005.pdf Ramírez-Sánchez IM, Martínez-Austria P, Quiroz-Alfaro MA, Bandala ER. Efectos de los estrógenos como contaminantes emergentes en la salud y el ambiente. Tecnología y ciencias del agua [Internet]. 2015 [citado 2022 Feb 16];6(5):31–42.Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/tca/v6n5/v6n5a3.pdf Nikolić IL, Savić-Gajić IM, Tačić AD, Savić IM. Classification and biological activity of phytoestrogens: A review. Advanced Technologies [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Sep 15];6(2):96–106. Available from: http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=2406-29791702096N FAO. Evaluación de residuos de plaguicidas para la estimación de los límites máximos de residuos y cálculo de la ingesta alimentaria [Internet]. FAO; 2018 [citado 2021 Abr 12].Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/3/i5545es/I5545ES.pdf Matisová E, Hrouzková S. Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides by Capillary GC with Mass Spectrometric Detection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2012 Sep 4 [cited 2022 Apr 15];9(9):3166–3196. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/9/9/3166/htm Mnif W, Hassine AIH, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2011 Jun 17 [cited 2022 Apr 15];8(6):2265–2303. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/6/2265 Nassar A. Comparative endocrine disrupting effects of abamectin and indoxacarb insecticides. International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2021 Nov 7];4(1):89–92. Available from: https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJPT/article/view/6125 Mossa A-TH, Mohafrash SMM, Chandrasekaran N. Safety of Natural Insecticides: Toxic Effects on Experimental Animals. BioMed Research International [Internet]. 2018 Oct 16 [cited 2021 Nov 7];2018:1–17. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/4308054/ Lopez-Antia A, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Mougeot F, Camarero PR, Mateo R. Brood size is reduced by half in birds feeding on flutriafol-treated seeds below the recommended application rate. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2021 Nov 7];243(Pt A):418–426. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30216876/ Fernández-Vizcaíno E, Fernández de Mera IG, Mougeot F, Mateo R, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME. Multi-level analysis of exposure to triazole fungicides through treated seed ingestion in the red-legged partridge. Environmental Research [Internet]. 2020 Oct [cited 2021 Nov 7];189:109928. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32980015/ Schulte-Hermann R, Wogan GN, Berry SC, Brown NA, Czeizel A, Giavini E, et al. Analysis of reproductive toxicity and classification of glufosinate-ammonium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology [Internet]. 2006 Apr [cited 2021 Nov 12];44(3):1–76. Available from:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16510221/ Fabian D, Bystriansky J, Burkuš J, Rehák P, Legáth J, Koppel J. The effect of herbicide BASTA 15 on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo and in vitro. Toxicology in vitro: an international journal published in association with BIBRA [Internet]. 2011 Feb [cited 2021 Nov 12];25(1):73–79. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20863879/ Sun Y, Cao Y, Tong L, Tao F, Wang X, Wu H, et al. Exposure to prothioconazole induces developmental toxicity and cardiovascular effects on zebrafish embryo. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2020 Jul [cited 2021 Nov 29];251:126418. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32443233/ Tian S, Teng M, Meng Z, Yan S, Jia M, Li R, et al. Toxicity effects in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) induced by prothioconazole. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2019 Dec [cited 2021 Nov 29];255(Pt 2):113269. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31574395/ Shen J, Liu P, Sun Y, Xu X, Guo L, Rao Q, et al. Embryonic exposure to prothioconazole induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stage. The Science of the Total Environment [Internet]. 2021 Feb 20 [cited 2021 Nov 29];756:143859. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33303200/ . Cevallos-Cedeño RE, Agulló C, Abad-Fuentes A, Abad-Somovilla A, Mercader JV. Enzyme and lateral flow monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays to simultaneously determine spirotetramat and spirotetramat-enol in foodstuffs. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2021 Jan 19 [cited 2021 Nov 29];11(1):1809. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469120/ Wu H, Rao Q, Zheng J, Mao C, Sun Y, Gu D, et al. Biochemical and histological alterations in adult zebrafish(Danio rerio)ovary following exposure to the tetronic acid insecticide spirotetramat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety [Internet]. 2018 Nov 30 [cited 2021 Nov 29];164:149–154.Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30107324/ Zhang J, Qian L, Wang C, Teng M, Duan M, Zhou Y, et al. Dysregulation of endocrine disruption, apoptosis and the transgenerational toxicity induced by spirotetramat. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2021 Nov 29];240:124900. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31563099/ Salazar NJ, Aldana ML. Herbicida glifosato: usos, toxicidad y regulación. BIOtecnia [Internet]. 2011 [citado 2021 Dec 1];13(2):23–28. Disponible en: https://biotecnia.unison.mx/index.php/biotecnia/article/view/83 Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Manrique-Hernández EF, Caballero-Carvajal AJ, Gómez-Rodríguez E, Marín-Hernández LR, Portilla-Portilla Á, et al. Neurotoxicología de plaguicidas prevalentes en la región Andina Colombiana. Médicas UIS [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2022 Nov 29];27(3):57–67. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/muis/v27n3/v27n3a07.pdf Castellanos J, Galvis JA. Rutas de degradación del plaguicida n-metil carbamato carbari. I3+ [Internet]. 2015 Aug 31 [citado 2021 Dec 3];2(2):134–147. Disponible en: https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/reiv3/article/view/115 Rivas A, Granada A, Jiménez M, Olea F, Olea N. Exposición humana a disruptores endocrinos: Ecosistemas [Internet]. 2004 [citado 2022 Feb 10];13(3). Disponible en: https://www.revistaecosistemas.net/index.php/ecosistemas/article/view/202 Romano D. DISRUPTORES ENDOCRINOS: Nuevas respuestas para nuevos retos [Internet]. ISTAS; 2012 [citado 2022 Feb 10]. Disponible en: https://saludsindanio.org/documentos/americalatina/disruptores-endocrinos-nuevas-r espuestas-para-nuevos-retos Salgueiro-González N. Estudio de disruptores endocrinos en el medio ambiente. Universidade da Coruña [Internet]. 2015 [citado 2022 Jul 25]. Disponible en: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61916568.pdf Azaretzky M, Ponzo OJ, Viale ML, Fernandez GI, Sedlinsky CE, Lasaga M, et al. Disruptores endocrinos: Guía de reconocimiento, acciones y recomendaciones para el manejo médico. Revista argentina de endocrinología y metabolismo [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1 [citado 2022 Jul 25];55(2):21–30. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raem/v55n2/1851-3034-raem-55-02-21.pdf Patrão MTCC, Silva EJR, Avellar MCW. Androgens and the male reproductive tract: an overview of classical roles and current perspectives. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia [Internet]. 2009 Nov [cited 2022 Aug 25];53(8):934–945. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/abem/a/zT5kDr9sTTxkFgwhHCdX3Wt/?format=pdf&lang=en Duborija-Kovacevic N, Popovic M, Kovac R. Androgens from physiology, through pharmacy and pharmacology to the status of lifestyle drugs -are we going in the right direction? Androgens from physiology, through pharmacy and pharmacology to the status of lifestyle drugs -are we going in the right direction? Arch Med Deporte [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Aug 25];36(2):101–108. Available from: https://archivosdemedicinadeldeporte.com/articulos/upload/rev1_kovacevic.pdf Gomez G, Mordecay VC. Disruptores Endocrinos En Reproducción. Rev Col De Menopausia [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2022 Ago 25];26(1). Disponible en: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2021/05/1224400/disruptores-endocrinos.pdf Akashe MM, Pawade UV, Nikam AV. Classification of pesticides: A Review [Internet]. ResearchGate. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy; 2018 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327536516_CLASSIFICATION_OF_PESTI CIDES_A_REVIEW Rani L, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S, Grewal AS, et al. An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. Journal of Cleaner Production [Internet]. 2020 Oct 14 [cited 2022 Jul 25];283:124657. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620347016 Del Puerto Rodríguez AM, Suárez Tamayo S, Palacio Estrada DE. Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre el ambiente y la salud. Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2022 Jul 25];52(3):372–387. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/hie/v52n3/hig10314.pdf European Commission. EU Pesticides Database. [cited 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/products/?event=d etails&p=74 FAO. FI 0326 - Aguacate (palta) [Internet]. Codex Alimentarius. [citado 2022 Ago 15]. Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/pestres/commodities -detail/es/?c_id=130 Pérez S, Ávila G, Coto O. El aguacatero ( Persea americana Mill). Cultivos Tropicales [Internet]. 2015 [citado 2022 Ago 25];36(2):111–123. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1932/193239249016.pdf Alfonso JA. Manual tecnico de cultivo de aguacate Hass(Persea americana L.) [Internet]. Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola; 2008 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://www.avocadosource.com/books/AlfonsoJose2008.pdf Amórtegui I, Capera E, Godoy JV. El cultivo de aguacate [Internet]. Agronet: Prohaciendo; 2001 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: http://bibliotecadigital.agronet.gov.co/bitstream/11348/4911/1/El%20cultivo%20del%2 0aguacate.pdf Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Manual técnico cultivo de aguacate [Internet]. Ministerio de Agricultura. 2009 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Normatividad/Paquete%20Tecnologico% 20Aguacate.pdf Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Manejo fitosanitario del cultivo de aguacate Hass. [Internet]. Bogotá: ICA; 2012. [citado 2021 Abr 4]. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/getattachment/4b5b9b6f-ecfc-46e1-b9ca-b35cc1cefee2/- Arias F, Montoya C, Velásquez O. Dinámica del mercado mundial de aguacate. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2022 Ago 25];55:22–35. Disponible en: https://revistavirtual.ucn.edu.co/index.php/RevistaUCN/article/download/994/1442/42 32 Ministerio de Agricultura. Cadena Productiva Aguacate: Primer Trimestre 2020 [Internet]. Ministerio de Agricultura. 2020 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Documentos/2020-03-30%20Cifras%20S ectoriales.pdf Masaquiza MS. Incidencia de desaprovechamiento de los beneficios nutricionales del aguacate (Persea americana) en la limitada industrialización de producto y escaso valor agregado [Internet]. Universidad Técnica de Ambato; 2010 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/3943/1/P.AL Witczak A, Pohoryło A, Abdel-Gawad H. Endocrine-Disrupting Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Breast Milk: Changes during Lactation. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 Jan 14 [cited 2022 Jul 25];13(1):229. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830316/ Cardona B, Rudel RA. US EPA’s regulatory pesticide evaluations need clearer guidelines for considering mammary gland tumors and other mammary gland effects. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];518:110927. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720720302276 Rahaman MdS, Rahman MdM, Mise N, Sikder MdT, Ichihara G, Uddin MdK, et al. Environmental arsenic exposure and its contribution to human diseases, toxicity mechanism and management. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2021 Nov [cited 2022 Jul 25];289:117940. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121015220 Valbuena D, Cely-Santos M, Obregón D. Agrochemical pesticide production, trade, and hazard: Narrowing the information gap in Colombia. Journal of Environmental Management [Internet]. 2021 May 15 [cited 2022 Jul 25];286:112141. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721002036 Dabrowski JM, Shadung JM, Wepener V. Prioritizing agricultural pesticides used in South Africa based on their environmental mobility and potential human health effects. Environment International [Internet]. 2014 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 25];62:31–40. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201300216X Chiu YH, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Petrozza JC, Tanrikut C, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic [Internet]. Oxford Academic. 2015 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/30/6/1342/616110?searchresult=1 Uauy R, Solomons N. Diet, Nutrition, and the Life-Course Approach to Cancer Prevention [Internet]. Oxford Academic. 2005 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/135/12/2934S/4669940?searchresult=1 Mrema EJ, Ngowi AV, Kishinhi SS, Mamuya SH. Pesticide Exposure and Health Problems Among Female Horticulture Workers in Tanzania. Environmental Health Insights [Internet]. 2017 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 25];11. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1178630217715237 Maggioni DA, Signorini ML, Michlig N, Repetti MR, Sigrist ME, Beldomenico HR. Comprehensive estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of pesticide residues for chronic dietary risk assessment in Argentina. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B [Internet]. 2017 Jan 13 [cited 2022 Jul 25];52(4):256–266. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03601234.2016.1272997?journalCode =lesb20 Silva MH, Dong MH. The Health Risk Assessment Performed in California for the Herbicide Simazine: A Case Study. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal [Internet]. 2014 Dec 21 [cited 2021 Jul 25];21(6):1496–1517. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10807039.2014.958022?journalCode= bher20 Moura JAS, Souza-Santos LP. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pyriproxyfen in non-target aquatic organisms. Aquatic Toxicology [Internet]. 2020 May [cited 2022 Jul 25];222:105448. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166445X19306198 Kapeleka JA, Sauli E, Sadik O, Ndakidemi PA. Co-exposure risks of pesticides residues and bacterial contamination in fresh fruits and vegetables under smallholder horticultural production systems in Tanzania. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2020 Jul 15 [cited 2022 Jul 25];15(7):1–23. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363064/ Berman T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Göen T, Hamama Z, Axelrod R, Keinan-Boker L, et al. Organophosphate pesticide exposure in children in Israel: Dietary associations and implications for risk assessment. Environmental Research [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2022 Jul 25];182:108739. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935119305365 Hercegová A, Dömötörová M, Matisová E. Sample preparation methods in the analysis of pesticide residues in baby food with subsequent chromatographic determination. Journal of Chromatography A [Internet]. 2007 Jun [cited 2022 Jul 25];1153(1-2):54–73. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967307000350 Bakırcı GT, Yaman Acay DB, Bakırcı F, Ötleş S. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region, Turkey. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2014 Oct [cited 2022 Jul 25];160:379–392. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881461400226X Mnyandu HM, Mahlambi PN. Optimization and application of QuEChERS and SPE methods followed by LC-PDA for the determination of triazines residues in fruits and vegetables from Pietermaritzburg local supermarkets. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2021 Oct 30 [cited 2022 Jul 25];360:129818. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814621008244 García-Rodríguez D, Carro-Díaz AM, Lorenzo-Ferreira RA, Cela-Torrijos R. Determination of pesticides in seaweeds by pressurized liquid extraction and programmed temperature vaporization-based large volume injection–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A [Internet]. 2010 Apr 23 [cited 2022 Jul 25];1217(17):2940–2949. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967310002979 Yousefi M, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Mirsadeghi S, Pourmortazavi SM. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pesticides and Insecticides from Food Samples and Plant Materials. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. 2020 Apr 15 [cited 2022 Jul 25];51(5):1–20. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408347.2020.1743965?journalCode =batc20 Farré M, Barceló D, Barceló D. Analysis of emerging contaminants in food. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. 2013 Feb [cited 2022 Jul 25];43:240–253. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993612003676 Nougadère A, Merlo M, Héraud F, Réty J, Truchot E, Vial G, et al. How dietary risk assessment can guide risk management and food monitoring programmes: The approach and results of the French Observatory on Pesticide Residues (ANSES/ORP). Food Control [Internet]. 2014 Jul [cited 2022 Jul 25];41:32–48. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095671351300666X Marson EO, Paniagua CES, Gomes Júnior O, Gonçalves BR, Silva VM, Ricardo IA, et al. A review toward contaminants of emerging concern in Brazil: Occurrence, impact and their degradation by advanced oxidation process in aquatic matrices. Science of The Total Environment [Internet]. 2022 Aug 25 [cited 2022 Jul 25];836:155605. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722027012 Laicher D, Benkendorff K, White S, Conrad S, Woodrow RL, Butcherine P, et al. Pesticide occurrence in an agriculturally intensive and ecologically important coastal aquatic system in Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin [Internet]. 2022 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];180:113675. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X22003575 Pascua JAA, Prado AJA, Solis BRB, Cid-Andres AP, Cambiador CJB. Trends in fabrication, data gathering, validation, and application of molecular fluorometer and spectrofluorometer. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy [Internet]. 2019 Sep [cited 2022 Jul 25];220:116837. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386142519301799 Hoddle MS. Challenges to IPM Advancement: Pesticides, Biocontrol, Genetic Engineering, and Invasive Species. New Zealand Entomologist [Internet]. 2006 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 25];29(1):77–88. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00779962.2006.9722141 Vijgen J, Fokke B, van de Coterlet G, Amstaetter K, Sancho J, Bensaïah C, et al. European cooperation to tackle the legacies of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and lindane. Emerging Contaminants [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];8:97–112. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665022000038 raujo RG, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Ruíz HA, Govea-Salas M, Pintado M, Aguilar CN. Recovery of bioactive components from avocado peels using microwave-assisted extraction. Food and Bioproducts Processing [Internet]. 2021May [cited 2022 Jul 25];127:152–161. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960308521000419 Mérida-Ortega Á, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Hernández-Ramírez RU, García-Martínez A, Trejo-Valdivia B, Salinas-Rodríguez A, et al. Phthalate exposure, flavonoid consumption and breast cancer risk among Mexican women. Environment International [Internet]. 2016 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Sep 3];96:167–172. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201630321X Sharma DK, Kumar A, Mahender. A Simple and Fast Solid-Phase Extraction GC-ECD Method for the Routine Assessment of Atrazine Residues in Agricultural Produces. Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Jul 25];8(1). Available from: https://www.longdom.org/open-access/a-simple-and-fast-solidphase-extraction-gcec d-method-for-the-routineassessment-of-atrazine-residues-in-agricultural-prod-51502. html .Ministerio de Agricultura. Cadena Productiva Aguacate: Marzo de 2021 [Internet]. Ministerio de Agricultura. 2021 [citado 2022 Jul 25]. Disponible en: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Documentos/2021-03-31%20Cifras%20S ectoriales.pdf Alavanja MC, Samanic C, Dosemeci M, Lubin J, Tarone R, Lynch CF, et al. Use of Agricultural Pesticides and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology [Internet]. 2003 May 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];157(9):800–814. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12727674/ Ferré DM, Quero AAM, Hernández AF, Hynes V, Tornello MJ, Lüders C, et al. Potential risks of dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin from their use in fruit/vegetable crops and beef cattle productions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment [Internet]. 2018 Apr 18 [cited 2022 Jul 25];190(5). Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-018-6647-x |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2022 |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
eu_rights_str_mv |
closedAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
68p. |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca |
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogota |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico |
institution |
Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/1/Id.%20disrupt.%20aguacate.%20Perdomo%20y%20Sanchez%20%281%29.docx.pdf https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/2/CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20%2820%29.pdf https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/3/FORMATO%20IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/4/license.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/5/Id.%20disrupt.%20aguacate.%20Perdomo%20y%20Sanchez%20%281%29.docx.pdf.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/7/CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20%2820%29.pdf.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/9/FORMATO%20IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/6/Id.%20disrupt.%20aguacate.%20Perdomo%20y%20Sanchez%20%281%29.docx.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/8/CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20%2820%29.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/10/FORMATO%20IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
2577ac1ce968b44e69f21f2d41a2dfc1 da13f24b733325a484978e675bd9d77d 1257c38103b671bf29164c85c6ac0f13 2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a 7ad05c367d06cc63f883a642ea1b2644 6e3dbb0a2a72f22395d7d330ff1c12d7 eed2d42a345236b9936be5bfea838fc1 557775f4092f5894a058f53c88e1e8c1 46645921b6ebe599275d2d44dc856f27 6e139d90c357472a50fc9e9a4d69c121 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital Unicolmayor |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@unicolmayor.edu.co |
_version_ |
1812210050290155520 |
spelling |
Cifuentes Prieto, Patricia3ff103b2b41a8d6d6b8a13aa491820d2600Perdomo Montilla, Daniel Fernando9f28647d82ac6f9f2b76995178ec9155Sánchez Zambrano, Daniela Alejandrace8d72a9bf38b5d8953f620035c455216002023-04-17T16:03:05Z2023-04-17T16:03:05Z2022https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6521En los últimos años, ha crecido la preocupación en cuanto a la seguridad y calidad de los alimentos. Los plaguicidas brindan protección a los cultivos, contribuyendo a su crecimiento apropiado y al rendimiento y calidad de producción de los mismos. Sin embargo, pueden permanecer por largos periodos de tiempo en los alimentos, la tierra e incluso en el agua causando su contaminación. El aguacate es una fruta ampliamente distribuida a nivel mundial, capaz de aportar diferentes beneficios nutricionales a la dieta. Dicho alimento está expuesto a una gran diversidad de agentes que causan enfermedades por lo que es esencial el uso de plaguicidas. No obstante, su uso indiscriminado puede contribuir directamente en la presencia de estos compuestos en el fruto. Por otro lado, el aguacate posee fitoestrógenos, compuestos producidos endógenamente, los cuales pueden imitar o modular la acción de los estrógenos endógenos y en consecuencia inducir respuestas biológicas. Un desbalance de dichas sustancias puede conllevar a un riesgo en el consumidor ya que algunas poseen actividad disruptora endocrina afectando negativamente la salud humana mediante la aparición de enfermedades. Por lo anterior, en el presente escrito se realizó una revisión documental sobre la presencia de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate y sus potenciales efectos. La metodología utilizada fue la revisión de artículos científicos, obtenidos de diversas bases de datos, acerca de los plaguicidas y fitoestrógenos con actividad disruptora endocrina relacionados a los cultivos y al fruto. La información recopilada permitió conocer las sustancias ya mencionadas, así como su capacidad de generar efectos adversos en salud relacionados a la disrupción endocrina.Introducción.8 1. Objetivos 10 1.1 Objetivo General.10 1.2 Objetivos Específicos...10 2. Antecedentes..11 3. Marco Referencial..15 3.1 Generalidades del aguacate15 3.1.1 Composición de aguacate...14 3.1.2 Descripción morfológica16 3.1.3 Producción de aguacate.16 3.1.4 Variedades de aguacate.17 3.1.5 Cultivo de aguacate.18 3.1.6 Plagas y enfermedades.18 3.2 Plaguicidas.20 3.2.1 Plaguicidas utilizados en el cultivo de aguacate...23 3.2.2 Plaguicidas como disruptores endocrinos..25 3.3 Disruptores endocrinos.27 3.3.1 Mecanismo de acción de los disruptores endocrinos.27 3.4 Estrógenos.29 3.4.1 Fitoestrógenos....30 3.4.2 Andrógenos.31 3.5 Enfermedades producidas y sus efectos en la salud humana..32 4. Diseño Metodológico33 4.1 Tipo de investigación33 4.2 Alcance de la investigación .33 4.3 Universo, población y muestra33 4.4 Criterios de inclusión y exclusión33 5.Resultados..35 6. Discusión...38 7. Conclusiones..44 8. Referencias Bibliográficas..45PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico68p.application/pdfspaUniversidad Colegio Mayor de CundinamarcaFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludBogotaBacteriología y Laboratorio ClínicoDerechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en el cultivo de aguacate: Revisión documentalTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTorrado A. Uso de plaguicidas y exigencias de mercado agroalimentario [Internet]. Memorias II curso internacional de riesgos fitosanitarios para la agricultura colombiana. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario; 2006 [citado 2019 Jun 26]. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/getdoc/d3eecf95-6146-412b-be83-e1e507db9cd6/articulo_us odeplaguicidas.aspxJobling S, Tyler CR. Introduction: The Ecological Relevance of Chemically Induced Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives [Internet]. 2006 Apr [cited 2019 Jun 26];114(Suppl 1):7–8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874178/Gore A. Developmental programming and endocrine disruptor effects on reproductive neuroendocrine systems. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology [Internet]. 2008 Jun [cited 2019 Jun 26]; 29(3):358–374. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702520/Hotchkiss AK, Rider CV, Blystone CR, Wilson VS, Hartig PC, Ankley GT, et al. Fifteen Years after “Wingspread”—Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Human and Wildlife Health: Where We are Today and Where We Need to Go. Toxicological Sciences [Internet]. 2008 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Feb 14];105(2):235–259. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721670/Schoeters G, Den Hond E, Dhooge W, Van Larebeke N, Leijs M. Endocrine Disruptors and Abnormalities of Pubertal Development. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology [Internet]. 2008 Jan 22 [cited 2022 Feb 14];102(2):168–175. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00180.xHsieh MH, Breyer BN, Eisenberg ML, Baskin LS. Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Current Urology Reports [Internet]. 2008 Mar [cited 2022 Feb 14];9(2):137–142. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18419998/Monroe KR, Murphy SP, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Stanczyk FZ, Adlercreutz H, et al. Dietary Fiber Intake and Endogenous Serum Hormone Levels in Naturally Postmenopausal Mexican American Women: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Nutrition and Cancer [Internet]. 2007 Jul 20 [cited 2022 Jul 20];58(2):127–135. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17640158/Mangiafico SS, Newman J, Merhaut DJ, Gan J, Faber B, Wu L. Nutrients and Pesticides in Stormwater Runoff and Soil Water in Production Nurseries and Citrus and Avocado Groves in California. HortTechnology [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2021 Apr 4];19(2):360–367. Available from: http://www.avocadosource.com/Journals/HortTechnology/HortTech_2009_19_2_PG_ 360-367.pdfKuhnle GGC, Dell’Aquila C, Aspinall SM, Runswick SA, Joosen AMCP, Mulligan AA, et al. Phytoestrogen content of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the UK based on LC–MS and 13C-labelled standards. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2009 Sep [cited 2021 Sep 15];116(2):542–554. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881460900291XFuentes E, Báez ME, Díaz J. Microwave-assisted extraction at atmospheric pressure coupled to different clean-up methods for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in olive and avocado oil. Journal of Chromatography A [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2021 Oct 23];1216(51):8859–8866. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967309016306Chamkasem N, Ollis LW, Harmon T, Lee S, Mercer G. Analysis of 136 Pesticides in Avocado Using a Modified QuEChERS Method with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2013 Jan 29 [cited 2021 Apr 9];61(10):2315–2329. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf304191cBajwa U, Sandhu KS. Effect of handling and processing on pesticide residues in food- a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology [Internet]. 2014 Feb [cited 2021 Apr 10];51(2):201–220. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907644/Zhao L, Lucas D. Análisis multirresiduo de pesticidas en aguacate con el sistema Bond Elut con extracción mejorada en matriz de lípidos mediante GC/MS/MS [Internet]. Agilent Technologies; 2015 [citado 2021 Abr 12]. Disponible en: https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/applications/5991-6097ES.pdfQuiceno JM, Mora G, Barrera E, Estrada EM, Gómez DD, Cardona LM, et al. Pesticidas, residualidad y períodos de carencia : aplicaciones en el cultivo del aguacate [Internet]. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje; 2018 [citado 2021 Abr 12]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.sena.edu.co/bitstream/11404/4948/3/pesticidas_residualidad_care ncias.pdfPalacios OM, Cortes HN, Jenks BH, Maki KC. Naturally occurring hormones in foods and potential health effects. Toxicology Research and Application [Internet]. 2020 Jul 3 [cited 2022 Jul 20];4:239784732093628. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2397847320936281Orabueze IC, Babalola R, Azuonwu O, Okoko I-I, Asare G. Evaluation of possible effects of Persea americana seeds on female reproductive hormonal and toxicity profile. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2021 Jun 12 [cited 2022 Jul 20];273:113870. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33484907/Baulland DNA, Narcisse VB, Hervé T, Adamou M, Momo CMM, Nadège DM, et al. Influence of ethanolic extract of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed flour on the estrous cycle, the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, and the activities of oxidative stress markers in female cavies (Cavia porcellus L.). Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research [Internet]. 2021 Sep 20 [cited 2022 Jul 20];8(3):501–510. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34722750/#affiliation-1Betancourt-Arango JP, Ossa-Jaramillo CA, Taborda-Ocampo G. Extracción de plaguicidas en el aguacate Hass (Persea americana Mill. cv.) mediante el uso de C 18 y arcillas funcionales como fase adsorbente en la metodología QuEChERS. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [Internet]. 2021 Mar 29 [citado 2022 Feb 2];45(174):286–299. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-390820210001002 86Ministerio de Protección Social. Resolución 2906 de 2007 [Internet]. [Citado 15 Sep 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/Resolucion -2906-de-2007.pdfICA. Listado de Registros nacionales de plaguicidas químicos de uso agrícola [Internet]. [Citado 15 Sep 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/getdoc/d3612ebf-a5a6-4702-8d4b-8427c1cdaeb1/registros-n acionales-pqua-15-04-09.aspxAlves C, Chagas L, Souza T, Toralles MB. Exposição ambiental a interferentes endócrinos com atividade estrogênica e sua associação com distúrbios puberais em crianças. Cadernos de Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2007 May [cited 2021 Apr 1];23(5):1005–1014. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007000500003Argemi F, Cianni N, Porta A. Disrupción endocrina: perspectivas ambientales y salud pública. Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana [Internet]. 2005 Sep [citado 2021 Abr 1];39(3):291–300.Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/abcl/v39n3/v39n3a04.pdfÁguila B, Verdecia F, Cué M. Estriol y sus derivados: Comportamiento de la tecnología en el mundo. Revista Cubana de Farmacia [Internet]. 1999 Dec [citado 2022 Feb 16];33(3):195–200. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75151999000300008Locia J, Elena M, Aguilar H, Emiliano G, Abreu A, Rojas F, et al. El papel de los estrógenos y sus receptores en la prevención y promoción de enfermedades proliferativas de la glándula prostática. Revista de Neurobiología [Internet]. 2013 [citado 2022 Feb 16];4(8):300813. Disponible en: https://www.uv.mx/eneurobiologia/vols/2013/8/Locia/HTML.htmlBecerro M. Las hormonas esteroideas sexuales, el envejecimiento y el ejercicio. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte [Internet]. 2008 Mar [citado 2022 Feb 16];1(1):22–36. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3233/323327654005.pdfRamírez-Sánchez IM, Martínez-Austria P, Quiroz-Alfaro MA, Bandala ER. Efectos de los estrógenos como contaminantes emergentes en la salud y el ambiente. Tecnología y ciencias del agua [Internet]. 2015 [citado 2022 Feb 16];6(5):31–42.Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/tca/v6n5/v6n5a3.pdfNikolić IL, Savić-Gajić IM, Tačić AD, Savić IM. Classification and biological activity of phytoestrogens: A review. Advanced Technologies [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Sep 15];6(2):96–106. Available from: http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=2406-29791702096NFAO. Evaluación de residuos de plaguicidas para la estimación de los límites máximos de residuos y cálculo de la ingesta alimentaria [Internet]. FAO; 2018 [citado 2021 Abr 12].Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/3/i5545es/I5545ES.pdfMatisová E, Hrouzková S. Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides by Capillary GC with Mass Spectrometric Detection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2012 Sep 4 [cited 2022 Apr 15];9(9):3166–3196. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/9/9/3166/htmMnif W, Hassine AIH, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2011 Jun 17 [cited 2022 Apr 15];8(6):2265–2303. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/6/2265Nassar A. Comparative endocrine disrupting effects of abamectin and indoxacarb insecticides. International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2021 Nov 7];4(1):89–92. Available from: https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJPT/article/view/6125Mossa A-TH, Mohafrash SMM, Chandrasekaran N. Safety of Natural Insecticides: Toxic Effects on Experimental Animals. BioMed Research International [Internet]. 2018 Oct 16 [cited 2021 Nov 7];2018:1–17. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/4308054/Lopez-Antia A, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Mougeot F, Camarero PR, Mateo R. Brood size is reduced by half in birds feeding on flutriafol-treated seeds below the recommended application rate. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2021 Nov 7];243(Pt A):418–426. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30216876/Fernández-Vizcaíno E, Fernández de Mera IG, Mougeot F, Mateo R, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME. Multi-level analysis of exposure to triazole fungicides through treated seed ingestion in the red-legged partridge. Environmental Research [Internet]. 2020 Oct [cited 2021 Nov 7];189:109928. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32980015/Schulte-Hermann R, Wogan GN, Berry SC, Brown NA, Czeizel A, Giavini E, et al. Analysis of reproductive toxicity and classification of glufosinate-ammonium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology [Internet]. 2006 Apr [cited 2021 Nov 12];44(3):1–76. Available from:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16510221/Fabian D, Bystriansky J, Burkuš J, Rehák P, Legáth J, Koppel J. The effect of herbicide BASTA 15 on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo and in vitro. Toxicology in vitro: an international journal published in association with BIBRA [Internet]. 2011 Feb [cited 2021 Nov 12];25(1):73–79. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20863879/Sun Y, Cao Y, Tong L, Tao F, Wang X, Wu H, et al. Exposure to prothioconazole induces developmental toxicity and cardiovascular effects on zebrafish embryo. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2020 Jul [cited 2021 Nov 29];251:126418. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32443233/Tian S, Teng M, Meng Z, Yan S, Jia M, Li R, et al. Toxicity effects in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) induced by prothioconazole. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2019 Dec [cited 2021 Nov 29];255(Pt 2):113269. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31574395/Shen J, Liu P, Sun Y, Xu X, Guo L, Rao Q, et al. Embryonic exposure to prothioconazole induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stage. The Science of the Total Environment [Internet]. 2021 Feb 20 [cited 2021 Nov 29];756:143859. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33303200/. Cevallos-Cedeño RE, Agulló C, Abad-Fuentes A, Abad-Somovilla A, Mercader JV. Enzyme and lateral flow monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays to simultaneously determine spirotetramat and spirotetramat-enol in foodstuffs. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2021 Jan 19 [cited 2021 Nov 29];11(1):1809. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469120/Wu H, Rao Q, Zheng J, Mao C, Sun Y, Gu D, et al. Biochemical and histological alterations in adult zebrafish(Danio rerio)ovary following exposure to the tetronic acid insecticide spirotetramat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety [Internet]. 2018 Nov 30 [cited 2021 Nov 29];164:149–154.Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30107324/Zhang J, Qian L, Wang C, Teng M, Duan M, Zhou Y, et al. Dysregulation of endocrine disruption, apoptosis and the transgenerational toxicity induced by spirotetramat. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2021 Nov 29];240:124900. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31563099/Salazar NJ, Aldana ML. Herbicida glifosato: usos, toxicidad y regulación. BIOtecnia [Internet]. 2011 [citado 2021 Dec 1];13(2):23–28. Disponible en: https://biotecnia.unison.mx/index.php/biotecnia/article/view/83Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Manrique-Hernández EF, Caballero-Carvajal AJ, Gómez-Rodríguez E, Marín-Hernández LR, Portilla-Portilla Á, et al. Neurotoxicología de plaguicidas prevalentes en la región Andina Colombiana. Médicas UIS [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2022 Nov 29];27(3):57–67. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/muis/v27n3/v27n3a07.pdfCastellanos J, Galvis JA. Rutas de degradación del plaguicida n-metil carbamato carbari. I3+ [Internet]. 2015 Aug 31 [citado 2021 Dec 3];2(2):134–147. Disponible en: https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/reiv3/article/view/115Rivas A, Granada A, Jiménez M, Olea F, Olea N. Exposición humana a disruptores endocrinos: Ecosistemas [Internet]. 2004 [citado 2022 Feb 10];13(3). Disponible en: https://www.revistaecosistemas.net/index.php/ecosistemas/article/view/202Romano D. DISRUPTORES ENDOCRINOS: Nuevas respuestas para nuevos retos [Internet]. ISTAS; 2012 [citado 2022 Feb 10]. Disponible en: https://saludsindanio.org/documentos/americalatina/disruptores-endocrinos-nuevas-r espuestas-para-nuevos-retosSalgueiro-González N. Estudio de disruptores endocrinos en el medio ambiente. Universidade da Coruña [Internet]. 2015 [citado 2022 Jul 25]. Disponible en: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61916568.pdfAzaretzky M, Ponzo OJ, Viale ML, Fernandez GI, Sedlinsky CE, Lasaga M, et al. Disruptores endocrinos: Guía de reconocimiento, acciones y recomendaciones para el manejo médico. Revista argentina de endocrinología y metabolismo [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1 [citado 2022 Jul 25];55(2):21–30. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raem/v55n2/1851-3034-raem-55-02-21.pdfPatrão MTCC, Silva EJR, Avellar MCW. Androgens and the male reproductive tract: an overview of classical roles and current perspectives. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia [Internet]. 2009 Nov [cited 2022 Aug 25];53(8):934–945. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/abem/a/zT5kDr9sTTxkFgwhHCdX3Wt/?format=pdf&lang=enDuborija-Kovacevic N, Popovic M, Kovac R. Androgens from physiology, through pharmacy and pharmacology to the status of lifestyle drugs -are we going in the right direction? Androgens from physiology, through pharmacy and pharmacology to the status of lifestyle drugs -are we going in the right direction? Arch Med Deporte [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Aug 25];36(2):101–108. Available from: https://archivosdemedicinadeldeporte.com/articulos/upload/rev1_kovacevic.pdfGomez G, Mordecay VC. Disruptores Endocrinos En Reproducción. Rev Col De Menopausia [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2022 Ago 25];26(1). Disponible en: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2021/05/1224400/disruptores-endocrinos.pdfAkashe MM, Pawade UV, Nikam AV. Classification of pesticides: A Review [Internet]. ResearchGate. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy; 2018 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327536516_CLASSIFICATION_OF_PESTI CIDES_A_REVIEWRani L, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S, Grewal AS, et al. An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. Journal of Cleaner Production [Internet]. 2020 Oct 14 [cited 2022 Jul 25];283:124657. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620347016Del Puerto Rodríguez AM, Suárez Tamayo S, Palacio Estrada DE. Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre el ambiente y la salud. Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2022 Jul 25];52(3):372–387. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/hie/v52n3/hig10314.pdfEuropean Commission. EU Pesticides Database. [cited 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/products/?event=d etails&p=74FAO. FI 0326 - Aguacate (palta) [Internet]. Codex Alimentarius. [citado 2022 Ago 15]. Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/pestres/commodities -detail/es/?c_id=130Pérez S, Ávila G, Coto O. El aguacatero ( Persea americana Mill). Cultivos Tropicales [Internet]. 2015 [citado 2022 Ago 25];36(2):111–123. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1932/193239249016.pdfAlfonso JA. Manual tecnico de cultivo de aguacate Hass(Persea americana L.) [Internet]. Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola; 2008 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://www.avocadosource.com/books/AlfonsoJose2008.pdfAmórtegui I, Capera E, Godoy JV. El cultivo de aguacate [Internet]. Agronet: Prohaciendo; 2001 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: http://bibliotecadigital.agronet.gov.co/bitstream/11348/4911/1/El%20cultivo%20del%2 0aguacate.pdfInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Manual técnico cultivo de aguacate [Internet]. Ministerio de Agricultura. 2009 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Normatividad/Paquete%20Tecnologico% 20Aguacate.pdfInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Manejo fitosanitario del cultivo de aguacate Hass. [Internet]. Bogotá: ICA; 2012. [citado 2021 Abr 4]. Disponible en: https://www.ica.gov.co/getattachment/4b5b9b6f-ecfc-46e1-b9ca-b35cc1cefee2/-Arias F, Montoya C, Velásquez O. Dinámica del mercado mundial de aguacate. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2022 Ago 25];55:22–35. Disponible en: https://revistavirtual.ucn.edu.co/index.php/RevistaUCN/article/download/994/1442/42 32Ministerio de Agricultura. Cadena Productiva Aguacate: Primer Trimestre 2020 [Internet]. Ministerio de Agricultura. 2020 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Documentos/2020-03-30%20Cifras%20S ectoriales.pdfMasaquiza MS. Incidencia de desaprovechamiento de los beneficios nutricionales del aguacate (Persea americana) en la limitada industrialización de producto y escaso valor agregado [Internet]. Universidad Técnica de Ambato; 2010 [citado 2022 Ago 25]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/3943/1/P.ALWitczak A, Pohoryło A, Abdel-Gawad H. Endocrine-Disrupting Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Breast Milk: Changes during Lactation. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 Jan 14 [cited 2022 Jul 25];13(1):229. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830316/Cardona B, Rudel RA. US EPA’s regulatory pesticide evaluations need clearer guidelines for considering mammary gland tumors and other mammary gland effects. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];518:110927. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720720302276Rahaman MdS, Rahman MdM, Mise N, Sikder MdT, Ichihara G, Uddin MdK, et al. Environmental arsenic exposure and its contribution to human diseases, toxicity mechanism and management. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2021 Nov [cited 2022 Jul 25];289:117940. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121015220Valbuena D, Cely-Santos M, Obregón D. Agrochemical pesticide production, trade, and hazard: Narrowing the information gap in Colombia. Journal of Environmental Management [Internet]. 2021 May 15 [cited 2022 Jul 25];286:112141. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721002036Dabrowski JM, Shadung JM, Wepener V. Prioritizing agricultural pesticides used in South Africa based on their environmental mobility and potential human health effects. Environment International [Internet]. 2014 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 25];62:31–40. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201300216XChiu YH, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Petrozza JC, Tanrikut C, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic [Internet]. Oxford Academic. 2015 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/30/6/1342/616110?searchresult=1Uauy R, Solomons N. Diet, Nutrition, and the Life-Course Approach to Cancer Prevention [Internet]. Oxford Academic. 2005 [cited 2022 Jul 25]. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/135/12/2934S/4669940?searchresult=1Mrema EJ, Ngowi AV, Kishinhi SS, Mamuya SH. Pesticide Exposure and Health Problems Among Female Horticulture Workers in Tanzania. Environmental Health Insights [Internet]. 2017 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 25];11. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1178630217715237Maggioni DA, Signorini ML, Michlig N, Repetti MR, Sigrist ME, Beldomenico HR. Comprehensive estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of pesticide residues for chronic dietary risk assessment in Argentina. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B [Internet]. 2017 Jan 13 [cited 2022 Jul 25];52(4):256–266. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03601234.2016.1272997?journalCode =lesb20Silva MH, Dong MH. The Health Risk Assessment Performed in California for the Herbicide Simazine: A Case Study. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal [Internet]. 2014 Dec 21 [cited 2021 Jul 25];21(6):1496–1517. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10807039.2014.958022?journalCode= bher20Moura JAS, Souza-Santos LP. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pyriproxyfen in non-target aquatic organisms. Aquatic Toxicology [Internet]. 2020 May [cited 2022 Jul 25];222:105448. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166445X19306198Kapeleka JA, Sauli E, Sadik O, Ndakidemi PA. Co-exposure risks of pesticides residues and bacterial contamination in fresh fruits and vegetables under smallholder horticultural production systems in Tanzania. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2020 Jul 15 [cited 2022 Jul 25];15(7):1–23. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363064/Berman T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Göen T, Hamama Z, Axelrod R, Keinan-Boker L, et al. Organophosphate pesticide exposure in children in Israel: Dietary associations and implications for risk assessment. Environmental Research [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2022 Jul 25];182:108739. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935119305365Hercegová A, Dömötörová M, Matisová E. Sample preparation methods in the analysis of pesticide residues in baby food with subsequent chromatographic determination. Journal of Chromatography A [Internet]. 2007 Jun [cited 2022 Jul 25];1153(1-2):54–73. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967307000350Bakırcı GT, Yaman Acay DB, Bakırcı F, Ötleş S. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region, Turkey. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2014 Oct [cited 2022 Jul 25];160:379–392. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881461400226XMnyandu HM, Mahlambi PN. Optimization and application of QuEChERS and SPE methods followed by LC-PDA for the determination of triazines residues in fruits and vegetables from Pietermaritzburg local supermarkets. Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2021 Oct 30 [cited 2022 Jul 25];360:129818. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814621008244García-Rodríguez D, Carro-Díaz AM, Lorenzo-Ferreira RA, Cela-Torrijos R. Determination of pesticides in seaweeds by pressurized liquid extraction and programmed temperature vaporization-based large volume injection–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A [Internet]. 2010 Apr 23 [cited 2022 Jul 25];1217(17):2940–2949. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967310002979Yousefi M, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Mirsadeghi S, Pourmortazavi SM. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pesticides and Insecticides from Food Samples and Plant Materials. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. 2020 Apr 15 [cited 2022 Jul 25];51(5):1–20. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408347.2020.1743965?journalCode =batc20Farré M, Barceló D, Barceló D. Analysis of emerging contaminants in food. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. 2013 Feb [cited 2022 Jul 25];43:240–253. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993612003676Nougadère A, Merlo M, Héraud F, Réty J, Truchot E, Vial G, et al. How dietary risk assessment can guide risk management and food monitoring programmes: The approach and results of the French Observatory on Pesticide Residues (ANSES/ORP). Food Control [Internet]. 2014 Jul [cited 2022 Jul 25];41:32–48. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095671351300666XMarson EO, Paniagua CES, Gomes Júnior O, Gonçalves BR, Silva VM, Ricardo IA, et al. A review toward contaminants of emerging concern in Brazil: Occurrence, impact and their degradation by advanced oxidation process in aquatic matrices. Science of The Total Environment [Internet]. 2022 Aug 25 [cited 2022 Jul 25];836:155605. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722027012Laicher D, Benkendorff K, White S, Conrad S, Woodrow RL, Butcherine P, et al. Pesticide occurrence in an agriculturally intensive and ecologically important coastal aquatic system in Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin [Internet]. 2022 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];180:113675. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X22003575Pascua JAA, Prado AJA, Solis BRB, Cid-Andres AP, Cambiador CJB. Trends in fabrication, data gathering, validation, and application of molecular fluorometer and spectrofluorometer. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy [Internet]. 2019 Sep [cited 2022 Jul 25];220:116837. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386142519301799Hoddle MS. Challenges to IPM Advancement: Pesticides, Biocontrol, Genetic Engineering, and Invasive Species. New Zealand Entomologist [Internet]. 2006 Jan [cited 2022 Jul 25];29(1):77–88. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00779962.2006.9722141Vijgen J, Fokke B, van de Coterlet G, Amstaetter K, Sancho J, Bensaïah C, et al. European cooperation to tackle the legacies of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and lindane. Emerging Contaminants [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];8:97–112. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665022000038raujo RG, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Ruíz HA, Govea-Salas M, Pintado M, Aguilar CN. Recovery of bioactive components from avocado peels using microwave-assisted extraction. Food and Bioproducts Processing [Internet]. 2021May [cited 2022 Jul 25];127:152–161. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960308521000419Mérida-Ortega Á, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Hernández-Ramírez RU, García-Martínez A, Trejo-Valdivia B, Salinas-Rodríguez A, et al. Phthalate exposure, flavonoid consumption and breast cancer risk among Mexican women. Environment International [Internet]. 2016 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Sep 3];96:167–172. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041201630321XSharma DK, Kumar A, Mahender. A Simple and Fast Solid-Phase Extraction GC-ECD Method for the Routine Assessment of Atrazine Residues in Agricultural Produces. Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Jul 25];8(1). Available from: https://www.longdom.org/open-access/a-simple-and-fast-solidphase-extraction-gcec d-method-for-the-routineassessment-of-atrazine-residues-in-agricultural-prod-51502. html.Ministerio de Agricultura. Cadena Productiva Aguacate: Marzo de 2021 [Internet]. Ministerio de Agricultura. 2021 [citado 2022 Jul 25]. Disponible en: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Documentos/2021-03-31%20Cifras%20S ectoriales.pdfAlavanja MC, Samanic C, Dosemeci M, Lubin J, Tarone R, Lynch CF, et al. Use of Agricultural Pesticides and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology [Internet]. 2003 May 1 [cited 2022 Jul 25];157(9):800–814. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12727674/Ferré DM, Quero AAM, Hernández AF, Hynes V, Tornello MJ, Lüders C, et al. Potential risks of dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin from their use in fruit/vegetable crops and beef cattle productions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment [Internet]. 2018 Apr 18 [cited 2022 Jul 25];190(5). Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-018-6647-xAguacateDisruptor endocrinoPlaguicidasFitoestrógenosSistema endocrinoORIGINALId. disrupt. aguacate. Perdomo y Sanchez (1).docx.pdfId. disrupt. aguacate. Perdomo y Sanchez (1).docx.pdfapplication/pdf2801366https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/1/Id.%20disrupt.%20aguacate.%20Perdomo%20y%20Sanchez%20%281%29.docx.pdf2577ac1ce968b44e69f21f2d41a2dfc1MD51open accessCARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR (20).pdfCARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR (20).pdfapplication/pdf77670https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/2/CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20%2820%29.pdfda13f24b733325a484978e675bd9d77dMD52metadata only accessFORMATO IDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJOS DE GRADO PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdfFORMATO IDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJOS DE GRADO PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdfapplication/pdf263467https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/3/FORMATO%20IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf1257c38103b671bf29164c85c6ac0f13MD53metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/4/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD54open accessTEXTId. disrupt. aguacate. Perdomo y Sanchez (1).docx.pdf.txtId. disrupt. aguacate. Perdomo y Sanchez (1).docx.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100937https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/5/Id.%20disrupt.%20aguacate.%20Perdomo%20y%20Sanchez%20%281%29.docx.pdf.txt7ad05c367d06cc63f883a642ea1b2644MD55open accessCARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR (20).pdf.txtCARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR (20).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1064https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/7/CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20%2820%29.pdf.txt6e3dbb0a2a72f22395d7d330ff1c12d7MD57metadata only accessFORMATO IDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJOS DE GRADO PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.txtFORMATO IDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJOS DE GRADO PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2830https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/9/FORMATO%20IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.txteed2d42a345236b9936be5bfea838fc1MD59metadata only accessTHUMBNAILId. disrupt. aguacate. Perdomo y Sanchez (1).docx.pdf.jpgId. disrupt. aguacate. Perdomo y Sanchez (1).docx.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5834https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/6/Id.%20disrupt.%20aguacate.%20Perdomo%20y%20Sanchez%20%281%29.docx.pdf.jpg557775f4092f5894a058f53c88e1e8c1MD56open accessCARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR (20).pdf.jpgCARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR (20).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9873https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/8/CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20%2820%29.pdf.jpg46645921b6ebe599275d2d44dc856f27MD58metadata only accessFORMATO IDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJOS DE GRADO PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.jpgFORMATO IDENTIFICACIÓN TRABAJOS DE GRADO PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg11457https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/6521/10/FORMATO%20IDENTIFICACI%c3%93N%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20PERDOMO-firmas_final.pdf.jpg6e139d90c357472a50fc9e9a4d69c121MD510metadata only accessunicolmayor/6521oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/65212024-05-10 15:08:14.771An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open accessBiblioteca Digital Unicolmayorrepositorio@unicolmayor.edu.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 |