Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida
La Antártida, continente blanco del hemisferio Austral, cuenta con 14 millones de km2 , es la reserva de agua dulce más abundante del mundo y punto de equilibrio de los ecosistemas, presenta factores climáticos extremos para la vida lo que lo convierte en un campo abierto para la investigación cient...
- Autores:
-
Castillo Usma, Claudia Lorena
Guzmán Florez, Andrea Carolina
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/4778
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/4778
- Palabra clave:
- Diversidad bacteriana
Antártida
Suelo
Isla Livingston
Isla Deception
Cultivo microbiológico
Microorganismos bacterianos
Microorganismo fúngico
Secuenciación de productos de PCR
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2018
id |
UCOLMAYOR2_3a97cca522593710486c31a9796cbef4 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/4778 |
network_acronym_str |
UCOLMAYOR2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
title |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
spellingShingle |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida Diversidad bacteriana Antártida Suelo Isla Livingston Isla Deception Cultivo microbiológico Microorganismos bacterianos Microorganismo fúngico Secuenciación de productos de PCR |
title_short |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
title_full |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
title_fullStr |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
title_sort |
Estudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antártida |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Castillo Usma, Claudia Lorena Guzmán Florez, Andrea Carolina |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Posada Buitrago, Martha Lucía |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Castillo Usma, Claudia Lorena Guzmán Florez, Andrea Carolina |
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Diversidad bacteriana |
topic |
Diversidad bacteriana Antártida Suelo Isla Livingston Isla Deception Cultivo microbiológico Microorganismos bacterianos Microorganismo fúngico Secuenciación de productos de PCR |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Antártida Suelo Isla Livingston Isla Deception Cultivo microbiológico Microorganismos bacterianos Microorganismo fúngico Secuenciación de productos de PCR |
description |
La Antártida, continente blanco del hemisferio Austral, cuenta con 14 millones de km2 , es la reserva de agua dulce más abundante del mundo y punto de equilibrio de los ecosistemas, presenta factores climáticos extremos para la vida lo que lo convierte en un campo abierto para la investigación científica. En este continente, los suelos poseen gran diversidad bacteriana, con escasa identificación; Por lo anterior el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal estudiar la diversidad de microorganismos cultivables provenientes de suelos de la isla Livingston y Decepciòn en la Antártida. La identificación de los organismos procariotas se logró mediante microbiología tradicional y secuenciación del producto de amplificación por PCR de la región 16S del rRNA. Se aislaron 20 microorganismos bacterianos provenientes de estas Islas, de los cuales se identificaron tres géneros Bacterianos por microbiología convencional: Salmonella sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus sp. y Acinetobacter sp. y un microorganismo de origen fúngico perteneciente al género Penicillium sp. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron editadas con el programa Chromas (2.6.5) y comparadas con el GenBank a través del algoritmo BLASTn. Se identificaron 17 microorganismos del total de aislados, pertenecientes a 11 géneros bacterianos distribuidos en las dos islas; 8 géneros correspondientes a la Isla Decepción: Staphylococcus, Oceanisphera, Paeniglutamicibacter, Microbacterium, Sporosarcina y 6 géneros a la isla Livingston: Burkholderia, Bacillus, y Acinetobacter, de los géneros identificados tres coincidieron para ambas islas Brevundimonas, Arthrobacter y Pseudomonas. La excepcional plasticidad genómica de estos microorganismos, proporciona a la comunidad científica el potencial para futuros estudios relacionados con bioprospección. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-03-07T16:35:01Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-03-07T16:35:01Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/4778 |
dc.identifier.barcode.none.fl_str_mv |
58660 |
url |
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/4778 |
identifier_str_mv |
58660 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Benavides G, Hermida A. Aislamiento e identificación de la flora bacteriana nativa de los suelos de los páramos de cruz verde y guasca [Tesis pregrado]. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA; 2008 . [online] [cited 21 July 2018] disponible en http://javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/ciencias/tesis145.pdf Barnawal D. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-containing rhizobacteria protect Ocimum sanctum plants during waterlogging stress via reduced... - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2012 [cited 23 October 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846334 Siddikee MA e. Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) by regulating stress ethylene synthesis with halotolerant - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018 [cited 14 June 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300550 Garzón Obando D. Determinación de la Biodiversidad Bacteriana en Ecosistemas Glaciares de la Antártida [Internet]. Repositorio.uta.edu.ec. 2013 [cited 19 June 2018]. Available from: http://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/3179 Convey P e. Antarctic terrestrial life--challenging the history of the frozen continent? - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2008 [cited 25 June 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18429764 Ruisi S, Barreca D, Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Onofri S. Fungi in Antarctica [Internet]. Science and Bio/Technology 6(1):127-141. 2007 [cited 19 July 2017]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225693374_Fungi_in_Antarcti ca Peeters K, Ertzb D, Willemsa A. Culturable bacterial diversity at the Princess Elisabeth Station (Utsteinen, Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica) harbours many new taxa [Internet]. Doi.org. 2011 [cited 28 October 2017]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.002 R M, V M. Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2011 [cited 28 October 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187146 Namsaraev, Z.B. Ecological niches of Antarctic phototrophic communities during global glaciation Microbiology. 2015 84: 125 [cited 24 October 2017].Available from https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261715020083 Martínez M. Identificación de moléculas de expresión diferencial a bajas temperaturas en aislamientos de bacterias de la Antártida Marítima [Maestria- Ciencias biologicas] [Internet]. Iau.gub.uy. 2018 [cited 21 May 2017].Available:http://www.iau.gub.uy/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Ident ificaci%C3%B3n-de-mol%C3%A9culas-de-expresi%C3%B3n-diferencial -a-bajas-temperaturas-en-aislamientos-de-bacterias-de-la-Ant%C3%A1r tida-mar%C3%ADtima-2012-ilovepdf-compressed.pd Aislabie J, Chhour K, Saul D, Miyauchi S, Ayton J, Paetzold R et al. Dominant bacteria in soils of Marble Point and Wright Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Soil Biology and Biochemistry [Internet]. 2006 [cited 6 March 2018];38(10):3041-3056. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071706001337 Navas León D. Caracterización Molecular de Actinomicetes Provenientes de Ecosistemas Antárticos [Internet]. Repo.uta.edu.ec. 2016 [cited 12 February 2017]. Available from: http://repo.uta.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/22867/1/BQ%2087.pdf Tomova, Gladka, Tashyrev, & Vasileva-Tonkova. Isolation , identification and hydrolytic enzymes production of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from two Antarctic.[Internet].2014[cited 17 july 2017]Available from:http://ipublishing.co.in/ijesarticles/fourteen/articles/volfour/EIJES41 056.pdf Bockheim b, Ugolini F. Suelos antárticos y formación de suelo en un entorno cambiante: una revisión 2008 [Internet]. Geoderma Volumen 144, páginas 1-8. 2008 [citado el 29 de agosto de 2017]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.005 Kim M, Cho A, Lim HS, Hong SG, Kim JH, Lee J, et al. Comunidades bacterianas de suelo altamente heterogéneas alrededor de la Bahía de Terra Nova del Norte de Victoria Land, Antarctica. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 17 july2018] Available from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119966 Javani S, Marín I, Amils R, Abad J. Four psychrophilic bacteria from Antarctica extracellularly biosynthesize at low temperature highly stable silver nanoparticles with outstanding antimicrobial activity. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects [Internet]. 2015 [cited 21 July 2018];483:60-69. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282640176 See-Too, W., Salazar, S., Ee, R., Convey, P., Chan, K. and Peix, Á. Pseudomonas versuta sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2017 [Accessed 12 Jul. 2017] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28501448. Gomes, E., Godinho, V., Silva, D., de Paula, M., Vitoreli, G., Zani, C., Alves, T., Junior, P., Murta, S., Barbosa, E., Oliveira, J., Oliveira, F., Carvalho, C., Ferreira, M., Rosa, C. and Rosa, L.. Cultivable fungi present in Antarctic soils: taxonomy, phylogeny, diversity, and bioprospecting of antiparasitic and herbicidal metabolites. Extremophiles. - PubMed - NCBI Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018[Internet]. [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29332141 Rodríguez, G. (2018). Antártida. [Blog] patrimonionatural.com. Available at: http://www.patrimonionatural.com/html/provincias/tierradelfuego/antartid a/clima.asp [Accessed 22 Jan. 2018] Labrador c. Aislamiento y caracterizacion de microorganismos termofilos anaerobios lipoliticos, proteoliticos y amiloliticos de manantiales termominerales de paipa e IZA (BOYACA) [Internet]. Javeriana.edu.co. 2014 [cited 29 November 2017]. Available from: http://javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/ciencias/tesis249.pdf Bocangel C. Evaluación de la eficacia de un consorcio bacteriano aislado en la base peruana “Machu Picchu”- Antártida en la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos de petróleo, a nivel de terrarios. [Internet].unmsm.edu.pe 2018 [cited 1 November 2018].Available from: http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/bitstream/cybertesis/4804/1/Bocangel_rc .pdf Garzón D.Determinación de la biodiversidad bacteriana en ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida.[Internet]. uta.edu.ec 2015 [cited 10 November 2017] Available from: http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/bitstream/cybertesis/4804/1/Bocangel_rc .pdf Lo Giudice A, Fani R. Cold-adapted bacteria from a coastal area of the Ross Sea (Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica): linking microbial ecology to biotechnology. Hydrobiologia [Internet]. 2015 [cited 22 January 2018];761(1):417-441. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10750-015-2497-5 Díaz R, Villamizar F. Uso Pacífico de la Antártica como Norma de Ius Cogens. Magallania (Punta Arenas) [Internet]. 2014 Rev. Scielo [cited 22 January 2018];42(1):17-31. Available from: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-224420 1400010002 NACIONES UNIDAS. Tratado Ártico. Washington; 2018 p. 1-3. [cited 22 January 2018]Available from:http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Investigación/FICHERO S/Comité Polar definitivo/Tratado Antártico.pdf Ministerio de ambiente y desarrollo sostenible. Colombia hacia la investigación Antártica. Bogota D.C; 2018 p. 1. [cited 22 January 2018] Available from:http://www.minambiente.gov.co/index.php/component/content/articl e?id=1444:el-uso-sostenible-de-los-bosques-prioridad-de-minambiente-6 46 INAE. TRATADO ANTÁRTICO. Argentina; 2016 p. 1-36. [cited 22 January 2018] Available at: http://www.inae.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/tratado_antartico.pdf El Tratado Antártico. historia general de las relaciones exteriores de la república Argentina. Argentina; 2015. p. 1-2. cancilleria.gob.ar [cited 22 January 2018] Available at: https://cancilleria.gob.ar/es/politica-exterior/antartida O’Neill T. Protection of Antarctic soil environments: A review of the current issues and future challenges for the Environmental Protocol. Environmental Science & Policy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 19 April 2018];76:153-164. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901117303994 Campbell, I. and Claridge, G. ed. In: Antarctica: Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment, 16th ed. [online] I.B. Campbell, G.G.C. Claridge, pp.Volume 16, Pages ii-xxxii, 1-368 2010. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/developments-in-soil-science/ vol/16/suppl/C [Accessed 19 Apr. 2018]. Selby M. Antarctica: Soils, weathering processes and environment, I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge, (developments in soil science 16), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987. No. of pages: 368. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms [Internet]. 2013 [cited 20 April 2018];14(8):753-754. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/esp.3290140811 O’Neill T. Protection of Antarctic soil environments: A review of the current issues and future challenges for the Environmental Protocol. Environmental Science & Policy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 19 April 2018];76:153-164. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901117303994 Ramos M, Vieira G, de Pablo M, Molina A, Abramov A, Goyanes G. Recent shallowing of the thaw depth at Crater Lake, Deception Island, Antarctica (2006–2014). CATENA [Internet]. 2017 [cited 20 April 2018];149:519-528. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816216302788?vi a%3Dihub Ferreira A, Vieira G, Ramos M, Nieuwendam A. Ground temperature and permafrost distribution in Hurd Peninsula (Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic): An assessment using freezing indexes and TTOP modelling. CATENA [Internet]. 2017 [cited 20 April 2018];149:560-571. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816216303381?v ia%3Dihub Williams, L., Borchhardt, N., Colesie, C., Baum, C., Komsic-Buchmann, K., Rippin, M., Becker, B., Karsten, U. and Büdel, B. . Biological soil crusts of Arctic Svalbard and of Livingston Island, Antarctica. 2016 Polar Biology, [online] 40(2), pp.399-411. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-016-1967-1 [Accessed 20 Apr. 2018] Hauck C, Vieira G, Gruber S, Blanco J, Ramos M. Geophysical identification of permafrost in Livingston Island, maritime Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research [Internet]. 2007 [cited 20 April 2018];112(F2). Available from: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF00054 Benintende s, sanchez c. Crecimiento Bacteriano [Internet]. 3rd ed. Bogota; 2016 [cited 10 August 2018]. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE ENTRE RÍOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Available from: http://www.fca.uner.edu.ar/files/academica/deptos/catedras/microbiologia /unidad_3_crecimiento_bacteriano Shokrollahzade S, Sharifi F, Vaseghi A, Faridounnia M, Jahandideh S. Protein cold adaptation: Role of physico-chemical parameters in adaptation of proteins to low temperatures. Journal of Theoretical Biology [Internet]. 2015 [cited 10 August 2018];383:130-137. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umng.edu.co/science/article/pii/S00 22519315003501 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmacéuticas [Internet]. Redalyc.org. 2006 [cited 14 January 2018]. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/579/57937307.pdf Averhoff B, Müller V. Exploring research frontiers in microbiology: recent advances in halophilic and thermophilic extremophiles. Research in Microbiology [Internet]. 2010 [cited 22 January 2018];161(6):506-514. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923250810001142 Canganella F, Wiegel J. Extremophiles: from abyssal to terrestrial ecosystems and possibly beyond. Naturwissenschaften [Internet]. 2011 [cited 22 January 2018];98(4):253-279. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21394529 Sarmiento F, Peralta R, Blamey J. Cold and Hot Extremozymes: Industrial Relevance and Current Trends. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 20;3:148. 2015 - PubMed - NCBI Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018[Internet] [cited 22 January 2018] ] Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539430 Dalmaso G, Ferreira D, Vermelho A. Marine extremophiles: a source of hydrolases for biotechnological applications. Mar Drugs. 13(4):1925-65.2015 - PubMed - NCBI Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018[Internet] [cited 22 January 2018] ] Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413194/ Margesin R, Miteva V. Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms. Res. Microbiol. 162:346–361.2011 [cited 22 January 2018] Available from:https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/research-in-microbiology/vol/ 162/issue/3 Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Shimohara K, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. An application of wastewater treatment in a cold environment and stable lipase production of Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis. PLoS One.;8(3). [Internet] 2013 [cited 22 January 2018] https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.005937 6 D'Amico S, Collins T, Marx J, Feller G, Gerday C. Psychrophilic microorganisms: challenges for life. EMBO reports [Internet]. 2006 [cited 23 January 2018];7(4):385-389. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16585939 Flores p, muñoz. GLACIAL UNION, microorganismos en el patio del polo sur [Internet]. Chile: boletin antartico chileno; 2018 p. 1-3. [cited 23 January 2018]Availablefrom:https://enfermeriavulare16.files.wordpress.com/2016/ 08/proteinas-anticongelantes.pdf Jia Z, Davies P. Antifreeze proteins: an unusual receptor–ligand interaction. Trends in Biochemical Sciences [Internet]. 2002 [cited 23 January 2018];27(2):101-106. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11852248 Nichols C, Lardière S, Bowman J, Nichols P, A.E. Gibson J, Guézennec J. Chemical Characterization of Exopolysaccharides from Antarctic Marine Bacteria. Microbial Ecology [Internet]. 2005 [cited 23 January 2018];49(4):578-589. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16052372 Feller G, Gerday C. Psychrophilic enzymes: hot topics in cold adaptation. Nature Reviews Microbiology [Internet]. 2003 [cited 23 January 2018];1(3):200-208. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro773 Deming J. Psychrophiles and polar regions. Current Opinion in Microbiology [Internet]. 2002 sciencedirect. [cited 23 January 2018];5(3):301-309. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527402003296?vi a%3Dihub 3Aldi F, Marchetto D, Pini F, Fani R, Michaud L, Lo Giudice A et al. Biochemical and microbial features of shallow marine sediments along the Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Continental Shelf Research [Internet]. 2010 [cited 23 January 2018];30(15):1614-1625. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434310002025 Montaña J. Aproximación metagenómica para la identificación de enzimas lipolíticas en suelo de bosque alto andino del parque nacional natural los nevados. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS; [Internet] 2015. [cited 23 January] 2018]https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10554/17002 /MontanaLaraJoseSalvador2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Olufsen M, Smalås A, Moe E, Brandsdal B. Increased Flexibility as a Strategy for Cold Adaptation. Journal of Biological Chemistry [Internet]. 2005 [cited 10 August 2018];280(18):18042-18048. Available from: http://www.jbc.org/content/280/18/18042.full Merino s. estructura de la membrana celular [pregrado]. universidad nacional de colombia; 2018. Available from: https://www.tesisenred.net/bitstream/handle/10803/1805/2.INTRODUC CION.pdf?sequence=3 vasquez c, mac cormack w. buscando bacterias psicrofilas en la Antártida. researchgate. researchgate.net [Internet]. 2007; [cited 10 August 2018] Available from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcelo_Leppe/publication/32053 6051_Visiones_sobre_Ciencia_Antartica/links/59ea30134585151983c 7ea1e/Visiones-sobre-Ciencia-Antartica.pdf Martinez p. Psicrófilos: los secretos para no morir de frío [Internet]. 1st ed. 2013 cienciorama.unam [cited 10 August 2018] . Available from: http://www.cienciorama.unam.mx/a/pdf/318_cienciorama.pdf Feller G, Arpigny J, Narinx E, Gerday C. Molecular adaptations of enzymes from psychrophilic organisms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology [Internet]. 2010 [cited 10 August 2018];118(3):495-499. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umng.edu.co/science/article/pii /S030096299700011X?via%3Dihub Gerday C, Aittaleb M, Arpigny J, Baise E, Chessa J, Garsoux G et al. Psychrophilic enzymes: a thermodynamic challenge. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology [Internet]. 2004 [cited 10 August 2018];1342(2):119-131. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umng.edu.co/science/article/pii /S0167483897000939#FIG4 Google. Proteinas anticongelantes, su produccion y uso. ES2214406T3,2004.https://patents.google.com/patent/ES2214406T3/e s Navas d. Caracterización Molecular de Actinomicetos Provenientes de Ecosistemas Antárticos [pregrado].Uta.edu.ec [Internet] 2012 [cited 10 April 2018] Available from: https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5067/1/uy 24-17012.pdf Escalante Lozada, Adelfo, Gosset Lagarda, Guillermo, Martínez Jiménez, Alfredo, Bolívar Zapata, Francisco, Diversidad bacteriana del suelo: métodos de estudio no dependientes del cultivo microbiano e implicaciones biotecnológicas . Agrociencia 2004 [online] : [cited 10 April 2018] Available from:http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30238602 Heath C, Hu X, Cary S, Cowan D. Identification of a Novel Alkaliphilic Esterase Active at Low Temperatures by Screening a Metagenomic Library from Antarctic Desert Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology [Internet]. 2009 [cited 10 April 2018];75(13):4657-4659. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704825/ Juidías Rodríguez V. QiimeApp – Una plataforma web para análisis metagenómicos [pregrado] . Universidad de la laguna; [Internet]. 2016[cited 10 April 2018] https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/2614/QiimeApp%20-%20 Una%20plataforma%20web%20para%20analisis%20metagenomicos. pdf?sequence=1. Torres r. INFORME FINAL CRUCERO OCEANOGRÁFICO “Crucero Expedición de Colombia a la Antártida 2016 - 2017” [online]. colombia; 2016 p. 44-45. Available from: Sanchez L, Posada M, proyecto a convocatoria interna investigaciones.Caracterizacion de la diversidad protista psicrofila procedente de la Antartida y su potencial aplicación en biotecnología, Universidad colegio mayor de Cundinamarca, 2016-2017. Secuenciación de ADN [Internet]. Khan Academy. 2018 [cited 12 September 2018]. Available from: https://es.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dn a-sequencing-pcr-electrophoresis/a/dna-sequencing Logan, e. . Genomic and phenotypic comparison of Bacillus fumarioli isolates from geothermal Antarctic soil and gelatine.[Accessed 22 Oct. 2018]. - PubMed - NCBI 2018. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Research in Microbiology Availableat:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15249066 Krizova L, e. . Acinetobacter albensis sp. nov., isolated from natural soil and water ecosystems. - PubMed - NCBI.2015 [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Microbiology Society [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018].Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245775 Barreto M, Salmonella enterica: una revisión de la trilogía agente, hospedero y ambiente, y su trascendencia en Chile. Rev. chil. infectol. [Internet]. 2016 Oct [citado 2018 Oct 22] ; 33( 5 ): 547-557. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182 016000500010&lng=es. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182016000500010 Pedraza, S. . Impacto de las actividades humanas en el estado sanitario de fócidos y otarios en la península Antártica.2011 [online] revista científica de Ecología y medio ambiente [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018]. Redalyc.org. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/540/54021285010.pdf CASTAÑEDA, F. DETECCIÓN DE Salmonella enterica EN PINGÜINOS PAPÚA (Pygoscelis papua) DEL TERRITORIO ANTÁRTICO CHILENO Y DETERMINACIÓN DE RESISTENCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS [online] Repositorio.uchile.cl. 2014 Available at: http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/132092/Detecci%C3 %B3n-de-Salmonella-enterica-en-ping%C3%BCinos-pap%C3%BAa-% 28Pygoscelis-papua%29-del-territorio-ant%C3%A1rtico-chileno-y-dete rminaci%C3%B3n-de-resistencia-a-antibi%C3%B3ticos.pdf?sequence =1 [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018]. Xu Z, e. Oceanisphaera profunda sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment, and emended description of the genus Oceanisphaera. - PubMed - NCBI 2014, Microbiology Society [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24425742 Zhou S, e. Oceanisphaera psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment samples. - PubMed - NCBI. 2015 [online] [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Microbiology Society. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25991663 Shin NR, e. Oceanisphaera sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment. - PubMed - NCBI 2012. [online] [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Microbiology Society. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21856983 Cecotti, e. Estudio metabólico y molecular de cultivos bacterianos degradadores de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH) y resistentes a metales pesados.2018 [online] [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Digital.cic.gba.gob.ar. rev. Quimicaviva, Buenos Aires, Argentina Availableat:https://digital.cic.gba.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/11746/4400/ Morelli_Quimica_Viva.pdf-PDFA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Gneiding, K. Identidades de Microbacterium spp. Encontrado en muestras clínicas humanas [online] 2008 Microbiologyresearch.org. [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281365585_Microbacterium_l acticum_a_Lysine_Producing_Bacterium_Isolated_from_Oil-contamina ted_Soil_in_South-East_Nigeria Wen y, J. Microbacterium halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a saline soil in the west of China 2018. [online] Microbiologyresearch.org.[Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Availableat: http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/ijsem/55/1/67.p df?expires=1540270174&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5EF465F 10B7F427F8E385B25D1BC7EEE Yan W, e. Complete genome sequence of the Sporosarcina psychrophila DSM 6497, a psychrophilic Bacillus strain that mediates the calcium carbonate precipitation. (2016). - PubMed Journal of Biotechnology - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27015981 So J, Shick Choi N, choi J, lee J, Jung-Hoon Y, song J. Brevundimonas naejangsanensis sp. nov., a proteolytic bacterium isolated from soil, and reclassification of Mycoplana bullata into the genus Brevundimonas as Brevundimonas bullata comb. nov. Revista Internacional de Microbiología Sistemática y Evolutiva 59 [Internet]. 2009 [cited 18 October 2018];(59):3155-3160. Available from: http://ijs.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.0 11700-0;jsessionid=6A8Ii3a24kf19lyGORuDEtYo.x-sgm-live-03#tab9 Martín I. Género Arthrobacter. [online] Diversidadmicrobiana.com. 2018 Availableathttps://www.diversidadmicrobiana.com/index.php?option=co m_content&view=article&id=743&Itemid=849 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Lars Ganzert, L. Arthrobacter livingstonensis sp. nov. and Arthrobacter cryotolerans sp. nov., salt- and psychrotolerant species isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica - ePIC. [online] 2011 Epic.awi.de.[Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at: http://epic.awi.de/21540/ Gualoto, M. . BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS UTILIZANDO CEPAS ANTÁRTICAS. [online] SEMINARIO “ECUADOR EN LA ANTÁRTIDA: HISTORIA, PERSPECTIVAS Y PROYECCIONES”, At Quito Ecuador. [online] 2011 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291334590_BIORREMEDIA CION_DE_HIDROCARBUROS_UTILIZANDO_CEPAS_ANTARTICAS [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018] Abraham, W. . Proyecto de secuencia del genoma de Pseudomonas psychrophila MTCC 12324, aislado del Ártico a 79 [online] 2015 [Accessed 10 Oct. 2018] Available at:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279282829_Draft_Genom e_Sequence_of_Pseudomonas_psychrophila_MTCC_12324_Isolated _from_the_Arctic_at_79N [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Comerio, R. . Algunos micromicetes del suelo y de alimentos deteriorados en la Antártida Argentina. [online] 2018 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Reviberoammicol.com. Available at: http://reviberoammicol.com/2004-21/128134 |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2018 |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
eu_rights_str_mv |
closedAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
106p. |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca |
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá D.C |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico |
institution |
Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/5/presentacion%20final%20estudio%20de%20la%20microbiota%20cultivable%20de%20suelos%20en%20dos%20zonas%20de%20la%20Antartida%2c%20Castillo.pdf.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/7/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA.pdf.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/9/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA%20FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR.pdf.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/6/presentacion%20final%20estudio%20de%20la%20microbiota%20cultivable%20de%20suelos%20en%20dos%20zonas%20de%20la%20Antartida%2c%20Castillo.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/8/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/10/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA%20FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/4/license.txt https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/1/presentacion%20final%20estudio%20de%20la%20microbiota%20cultivable%20de%20suelos%20en%20dos%20zonas%20de%20la%20Antartida%2c%20Castillo.pdf https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/2/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA.pdf https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/3/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA%20FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR.pdf |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
3f1ea3e20fe2bd3e1bd09f2b3e9f89a5 7c197f0257428eb6a846af3ba29dc3b6 ce17bbb4d4f1cbe9a2413e4ea88bb0b2 2f2ac5987b6021b43c686f566e5650b2 3aada1b58bba223af289d91baaca019a 37c11249c37621861d92fc4b3ff85aed 2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a df01aee4614cd9c41d0bdb7a4df245a9 cf5c236aead1951b44fb2931df83c1b0 298ecae2f0a9f3c9337c34ab5122d85d |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital Unicolmayor |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@unicolmayor.edu.co |
_version_ |
1812210060918521856 |
spelling |
Posada Buitrago, Martha Lucía4d5afb0eea3b70008d7c115f3a7ee2c1600Castillo Usma, Claudia Lorena0e7ff0e7998bd53a072f2ee02334e73aGuzmán Florez, Andrea Carolina9ce346719949d4c84778852a0d3ceb152022-03-07T16:35:01Z2022-03-07T16:35:01Z2018https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/477858660La Antártida, continente blanco del hemisferio Austral, cuenta con 14 millones de km2 , es la reserva de agua dulce más abundante del mundo y punto de equilibrio de los ecosistemas, presenta factores climáticos extremos para la vida lo que lo convierte en un campo abierto para la investigación científica. En este continente, los suelos poseen gran diversidad bacteriana, con escasa identificación; Por lo anterior el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal estudiar la diversidad de microorganismos cultivables provenientes de suelos de la isla Livingston y Decepciòn en la Antártida. La identificación de los organismos procariotas se logró mediante microbiología tradicional y secuenciación del producto de amplificación por PCR de la región 16S del rRNA. Se aislaron 20 microorganismos bacterianos provenientes de estas Islas, de los cuales se identificaron tres géneros Bacterianos por microbiología convencional: Salmonella sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus sp. y Acinetobacter sp. y un microorganismo de origen fúngico perteneciente al género Penicillium sp. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron editadas con el programa Chromas (2.6.5) y comparadas con el GenBank a través del algoritmo BLASTn. Se identificaron 17 microorganismos del total de aislados, pertenecientes a 11 géneros bacterianos distribuidos en las dos islas; 8 géneros correspondientes a la Isla Decepción: Staphylococcus, Oceanisphera, Paeniglutamicibacter, Microbacterium, Sporosarcina y 6 géneros a la isla Livingston: Burkholderia, Bacillus, y Acinetobacter, de los géneros identificados tres coincidieron para ambas islas Brevundimonas, Arthrobacter y Pseudomonas. La excepcional plasticidad genómica de estos microorganismos, proporciona a la comunidad científica el potencial para futuros estudios relacionados con bioprospección.Antarctica, white continent of the southern hemisphere, has 14 million km2, is the reserve of fresh water, most abundant, world and equilibrium point of ecosystems, has extreme climatic factors for life which makes it an open field for Scientific research. In this continent, the soils have great bacterial diversity, with little identification; With regard to the diversity of microorganisms from the island of Livingston and Deception in Antarctica. The identification of prokaryotic organisms is carried out by means of traditional microbiology and sequencing of the PCR amplification product of the 16S rRNA region. We isolated 20 bacterial microorganisms from these islands, of which four Bacterial genera were identified by conventional microbiology: Salmonella sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus sp. and Acinetobacter sp. And a microorganism of fungal origin belonging to the genus Penicillium sp. The sequences were edited with the Chromas program (2.6.5) and compared with the GenBank through the BLASTn algorithm. Seventeen microorganisms were identified from the total of the isolates, belonging to 11 bacterial genera distributed in the two islands; 8 genera corresponding to Deception Island: Staphylococcus, Oceanisphera, Paeniglutamicibacter, Microbacterium, Sporosarcina and 6 genera to Livingston Island: Burkholderia, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter, and the genera of it coincide. The exceptional genomic plasticity of these microorganisms, the results of scientific research and the potential for future studies related to bioprospectingÍNDICE DE FIGURAS 10 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS 12 RESUMEN 13 INTRODUCCIÓN 17 OBJETIVO GENERAL 18 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 18 ANTECEDENTES 19 2. MARCO REFERENCIAL 23 2.1. Antártida 23 2.1.2. Tratado Antártico 26 2.1.3 Suelo antártico 27 2.2 Isla Decepción 29 2.3 Isla Livingston 30 2.4. Microorganismos extremófilos 31 2.5. Clasificación de los microorganismos según la temperatura 32 2.5.1 Microorganismos psicrófilos 32 2.5.2 Microorganismos termófilos 34 2.5.3 Hongos psicrófilos 35 2.6. Identificación molecular de microorganismos mediante amplificación y secuenciación. 36 2.6.1. Extracción de ADN. 36 2.6.2 Amplificación de ADN mediante PCR 36 2.6.3 Pasos para realizar Amplificación de ADN mediante PCR 37 2.6.4. Secuenciación de productos de amplificación 38 2.6.4.1 Secuenciación mediante el método Sanger. 38 3. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 39 3.1 Universo, población, muestra 39 3.2 Hipótesis, Variables, indicadores 39 3.3 Técnicas y procedimientos 40 3.3.1 Tratamiento de la muestra 41 Fase 1. Muestreo 41 Fase 2. Aislamiento microbiológico en caldos 43 Fase 3. Estudio macroscópico y microscópico 46 Fase 4. Aislamiento en Medios de cultivo 47 Fase 5. Identificación BBL CRYSTAL 47 Fase 5.1 Alistamiento de las muestras para biología molecular 47 Fase 6. Biología molecular 48 4. RESULTADOS 50 4.1 Crecimiento de las muestras provenientes de la isla livingston y Decepción en medio de cultivo líquido. 50 4.2 Obtención de cepas puras provenientes de las islas Livingston y Decepción de la Antártida. 53 4.3 Microorganismos identificados con BBL Crystal 57 4.3 Electroforesis de productos de PCR de la región 16S rRNA a partir del ADN extraído de cepas aisladas de muestras provenientes de las Islas Livingston y Decepción en la Antártida. Los productos de PCR presentan el tamaño esperado,1500pb-1800pb. 58 4.4 Resultado de la secuenciación de los productos de amplificación de PCR . 59 4.3 Crecimiento en medios de cultivo (aislamiento fúngico). 62 DISCUSIÓN 64 7. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 72 ANEXOS 85PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico106p.application/pdfspaUniversidad Colegio Mayor de CundinamarcaFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludBogotá D.CBacteriología y Laboratorio ClínicoDerechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2018https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbEstudio de la Microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la AntártidaTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionBenavides G, Hermida A. Aislamiento e identificación de la flora bacteriana nativa de los suelos de los páramos de cruz verde y guasca [Tesis pregrado]. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA; 2008 . [online] [cited 21 July 2018] disponible en http://javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/ciencias/tesis145.pdfBarnawal D. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-containing rhizobacteria protect Ocimum sanctum plants during waterlogging stress via reduced... - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2012 [cited 23 October 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846334Siddikee MA e. Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) by regulating stress ethylene synthesis with halotolerant - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018 [cited 14 June 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300550Garzón Obando D. Determinación de la Biodiversidad Bacteriana en Ecosistemas Glaciares de la Antártida [Internet]. Repositorio.uta.edu.ec. 2013 [cited 19 June 2018]. Available from: http://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/3179Convey P e. Antarctic terrestrial life--challenging the history of the frozen continent? - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2008 [cited 25 June 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18429764Ruisi S, Barreca D, Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Onofri S. Fungi in Antarctica [Internet]. Science and Bio/Technology 6(1):127-141. 2007 [cited 19 July 2017]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225693374_Fungi_in_Antarcti caPeeters K, Ertzb D, Willemsa A. Culturable bacterial diversity at the Princess Elisabeth Station (Utsteinen, Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica) harbours many new taxa [Internet]. Doi.org. 2011 [cited 28 October 2017]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.002R M, V M. Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2011 [cited 28 October 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187146Namsaraev, Z.B. Ecological niches of Antarctic phototrophic communities during global glaciation Microbiology. 2015 84: 125 [cited 24 October 2017].Available from https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261715020083Martínez M. Identificación de moléculas de expresión diferencial a bajas temperaturas en aislamientos de bacterias de la Antártida Marítima [Maestria- Ciencias biologicas] [Internet]. Iau.gub.uy. 2018 [cited 21 May 2017].Available:http://www.iau.gub.uy/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Ident ificaci%C3%B3n-de-mol%C3%A9culas-de-expresi%C3%B3n-diferencial -a-bajas-temperaturas-en-aislamientos-de-bacterias-de-la-Ant%C3%A1r tida-mar%C3%ADtima-2012-ilovepdf-compressed.pdAislabie J, Chhour K, Saul D, Miyauchi S, Ayton J, Paetzold R et al. Dominant bacteria in soils of Marble Point and Wright Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Soil Biology and Biochemistry [Internet]. 2006 [cited 6 March 2018];38(10):3041-3056. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071706001337Navas León D. Caracterización Molecular de Actinomicetes Provenientes de Ecosistemas Antárticos [Internet]. Repo.uta.edu.ec. 2016 [cited 12 February 2017]. Available from: http://repo.uta.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/22867/1/BQ%2087.pdfTomova, Gladka, Tashyrev, & Vasileva-Tonkova. Isolation , identification and hydrolytic enzymes production of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from two Antarctic.[Internet].2014[cited 17 july 2017]Available from:http://ipublishing.co.in/ijesarticles/fourteen/articles/volfour/EIJES41 056.pdfBockheim b, Ugolini F. Suelos antárticos y formación de suelo en un entorno cambiante: una revisión 2008 [Internet]. Geoderma Volumen 144, páginas 1-8. 2008 [citado el 29 de agosto de 2017]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.005Kim M, Cho A, Lim HS, Hong SG, Kim JH, Lee J, et al. Comunidades bacterianas de suelo altamente heterogéneas alrededor de la Bahía de Terra Nova del Norte de Victoria Land, Antarctica. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 17 july2018] Available from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119966Javani S, Marín I, Amils R, Abad J. Four psychrophilic bacteria from Antarctica extracellularly biosynthesize at low temperature highly stable silver nanoparticles with outstanding antimicrobial activity. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects [Internet]. 2015 [cited 21 July 2018];483:60-69. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282640176See-Too, W., Salazar, S., Ee, R., Convey, P., Chan, K. and Peix, Á. Pseudomonas versuta sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2017 [Accessed 12 Jul. 2017] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28501448.Gomes, E., Godinho, V., Silva, D., de Paula, M., Vitoreli, G., Zani, C., Alves, T., Junior, P., Murta, S., Barbosa, E., Oliveira, J., Oliveira, F., Carvalho, C., Ferreira, M., Rosa, C. and Rosa, L.. Cultivable fungi present in Antarctic soils: taxonomy, phylogeny, diversity, and bioprospecting of antiparasitic and herbicidal metabolites. Extremophiles. - PubMed - NCBI Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018[Internet]. [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29332141Rodríguez, G. (2018). Antártida. [Blog] patrimonionatural.com. Available at: http://www.patrimonionatural.com/html/provincias/tierradelfuego/antartid a/clima.asp [Accessed 22 Jan. 2018]Labrador c. Aislamiento y caracterizacion de microorganismos termofilos anaerobios lipoliticos, proteoliticos y amiloliticos de manantiales termominerales de paipa e IZA (BOYACA) [Internet]. Javeriana.edu.co. 2014 [cited 29 November 2017]. Available from: http://javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/ciencias/tesis249.pdfBocangel C. Evaluación de la eficacia de un consorcio bacteriano aislado en la base peruana “Machu Picchu”- Antártida en la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos de petróleo, a nivel de terrarios. [Internet].unmsm.edu.pe 2018 [cited 1 November 2018].Available from: http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/bitstream/cybertesis/4804/1/Bocangel_rc .pdfGarzón D.Determinación de la biodiversidad bacteriana en ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida.[Internet]. uta.edu.ec 2015 [cited 10 November 2017] Available from: http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/bitstream/cybertesis/4804/1/Bocangel_rc .pdfLo Giudice A, Fani R. Cold-adapted bacteria from a coastal area of the Ross Sea (Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica): linking microbial ecology to biotechnology. Hydrobiologia [Internet]. 2015 [cited 22 January 2018];761(1):417-441. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10750-015-2497-5Díaz R, Villamizar F. Uso Pacífico de la Antártica como Norma de Ius Cogens. Magallania (Punta Arenas) [Internet]. 2014 Rev. Scielo [cited 22 January 2018];42(1):17-31. Available from: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-224420 1400010002NACIONES UNIDAS. Tratado Ártico. Washington; 2018 p. 1-3. [cited 22 January 2018]Available from:http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Investigación/FICHERO S/Comité Polar definitivo/Tratado Antártico.pdfMinisterio de ambiente y desarrollo sostenible. Colombia hacia la investigación Antártica. Bogota D.C; 2018 p. 1. [cited 22 January 2018] Available from:http://www.minambiente.gov.co/index.php/component/content/articl e?id=1444:el-uso-sostenible-de-los-bosques-prioridad-de-minambiente-6 46INAE. TRATADO ANTÁRTICO. Argentina; 2016 p. 1-36. [cited 22 January 2018] Available at: http://www.inae.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/tratado_antartico.pdfEl Tratado Antártico. historia general de las relaciones exteriores de la república Argentina. Argentina; 2015. p. 1-2. cancilleria.gob.ar [cited 22 January 2018] Available at: https://cancilleria.gob.ar/es/politica-exterior/antartidaO’Neill T. Protection of Antarctic soil environments: A review of the current issues and future challenges for the Environmental Protocol. Environmental Science & Policy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 19 April 2018];76:153-164. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901117303994Campbell, I. and Claridge, G. ed. In: Antarctica: Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment, 16th ed. [online] I.B. Campbell, G.G.C. Claridge, pp.Volume 16, Pages ii-xxxii, 1-368 2010. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/developments-in-soil-science/ vol/16/suppl/C [Accessed 19 Apr. 2018].Selby M. Antarctica: Soils, weathering processes and environment, I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge, (developments in soil science 16), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987. No. of pages: 368. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms [Internet]. 2013 [cited 20 April 2018];14(8):753-754. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/esp.3290140811O’Neill T. Protection of Antarctic soil environments: A review of the current issues and future challenges for the Environmental Protocol. Environmental Science & Policy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 19 April 2018];76:153-164. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901117303994Ramos M, Vieira G, de Pablo M, Molina A, Abramov A, Goyanes G. Recent shallowing of the thaw depth at Crater Lake, Deception Island, Antarctica (2006–2014). CATENA [Internet]. 2017 [cited 20 April 2018];149:519-528. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816216302788?vi a%3DihubFerreira A, Vieira G, Ramos M, Nieuwendam A. Ground temperature and permafrost distribution in Hurd Peninsula (Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic): An assessment using freezing indexes and TTOP modelling. CATENA [Internet]. 2017 [cited 20 April 2018];149:560-571. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816216303381?v ia%3DihubWilliams, L., Borchhardt, N., Colesie, C., Baum, C., Komsic-Buchmann, K., Rippin, M., Becker, B., Karsten, U. and Büdel, B. . Biological soil crusts of Arctic Svalbard and of Livingston Island, Antarctica. 2016 Polar Biology, [online] 40(2), pp.399-411. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-016-1967-1 [Accessed 20 Apr. 2018]Hauck C, Vieira G, Gruber S, Blanco J, Ramos M. Geophysical identification of permafrost in Livingston Island, maritime Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research [Internet]. 2007 [cited 20 April 2018];112(F2). Available from: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF00054Benintende s, sanchez c. Crecimiento Bacteriano [Internet]. 3rd ed. Bogota; 2016 [cited 10 August 2018]. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE ENTRE RÍOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Available from: http://www.fca.uner.edu.ar/files/academica/deptos/catedras/microbiologia /unidad_3_crecimiento_bacterianoShokrollahzade S, Sharifi F, Vaseghi A, Faridounnia M, Jahandideh S. Protein cold adaptation: Role of physico-chemical parameters in adaptation of proteins to low temperatures. Journal of Theoretical Biology [Internet]. 2015 [cited 10 August 2018];383:130-137. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umng.edu.co/science/article/pii/S00 22519315003501Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmacéuticas [Internet]. Redalyc.org. 2006 [cited 14 January 2018]. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/579/57937307.pdfAverhoff B, Müller V. Exploring research frontiers in microbiology: recent advances in halophilic and thermophilic extremophiles. Research in Microbiology [Internet]. 2010 [cited 22 January 2018];161(6):506-514. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923250810001142Canganella F, Wiegel J. Extremophiles: from abyssal to terrestrial ecosystems and possibly beyond. Naturwissenschaften [Internet]. 2011 [cited 22 January 2018];98(4):253-279. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21394529Sarmiento F, Peralta R, Blamey J. Cold and Hot Extremozymes: Industrial Relevance and Current Trends. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 20;3:148. 2015 - PubMed - NCBI Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018[Internet] [cited 22 January 2018] ] Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539430Dalmaso G, Ferreira D, Vermelho A. Marine extremophiles: a source of hydrolases for biotechnological applications. Mar Drugs. 13(4):1925-65.2015 - PubMed - NCBI Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2018[Internet] [cited 22 January 2018] ] Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413194/Margesin R, Miteva V. Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms. Res. Microbiol. 162:346–361.2011 [cited 22 January 2018] Available from:https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/research-in-microbiology/vol/ 162/issue/3Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Shimohara K, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. An application of wastewater treatment in a cold environment and stable lipase production of Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis. PLoS One.;8(3). [Internet] 2013 [cited 22 January 2018] https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.005937 6D'Amico S, Collins T, Marx J, Feller G, Gerday C. Psychrophilic microorganisms: challenges for life. EMBO reports [Internet]. 2006 [cited 23 January 2018];7(4):385-389. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16585939Flores p, muñoz. GLACIAL UNION, microorganismos en el patio del polo sur [Internet]. Chile: boletin antartico chileno; 2018 p. 1-3. [cited 23 January 2018]Availablefrom:https://enfermeriavulare16.files.wordpress.com/2016/ 08/proteinas-anticongelantes.pdfJia Z, Davies P. Antifreeze proteins: an unusual receptor–ligand interaction. Trends in Biochemical Sciences [Internet]. 2002 [cited 23 January 2018];27(2):101-106. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11852248Nichols C, Lardière S, Bowman J, Nichols P, A.E. Gibson J, Guézennec J. Chemical Characterization of Exopolysaccharides from Antarctic Marine Bacteria. Microbial Ecology [Internet]. 2005 [cited 23 January 2018];49(4):578-589. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16052372Feller G, Gerday C. Psychrophilic enzymes: hot topics in cold adaptation. Nature Reviews Microbiology [Internet]. 2003 [cited 23 January 2018];1(3):200-208. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro773Deming J. Psychrophiles and polar regions. Current Opinion in Microbiology [Internet]. 2002 sciencedirect. [cited 23 January 2018];5(3):301-309. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527402003296?vi a%3Dihub3Aldi F, Marchetto D, Pini F, Fani R, Michaud L, Lo Giudice A et al. Biochemical and microbial features of shallow marine sediments along the Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Continental Shelf Research [Internet]. 2010 [cited 23 January 2018];30(15):1614-1625. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434310002025Montaña J. Aproximación metagenómica para la identificación de enzimas lipolíticas en suelo de bosque alto andino del parque nacional natural los nevados. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS; [Internet] 2015. [cited 23 January] 2018]https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10554/17002 /MontanaLaraJoseSalvador2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yOlufsen M, Smalås A, Moe E, Brandsdal B. Increased Flexibility as a Strategy for Cold Adaptation. Journal of Biological Chemistry [Internet]. 2005 [cited 10 August 2018];280(18):18042-18048. Available from: http://www.jbc.org/content/280/18/18042.fullMerino s. estructura de la membrana celular [pregrado]. universidad nacional de colombia; 2018. Available from: https://www.tesisenred.net/bitstream/handle/10803/1805/2.INTRODUC CION.pdf?sequence=3vasquez c, mac cormack w. buscando bacterias psicrofilas en la Antártida. researchgate. researchgate.net [Internet]. 2007; [cited 10 August 2018] Available from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcelo_Leppe/publication/32053 6051_Visiones_sobre_Ciencia_Antartica/links/59ea30134585151983c 7ea1e/Visiones-sobre-Ciencia-Antartica.pdfMartinez p. Psicrófilos: los secretos para no morir de frío [Internet]. 1st ed. 2013 cienciorama.unam [cited 10 August 2018] . Available from: http://www.cienciorama.unam.mx/a/pdf/318_cienciorama.pdfFeller G, Arpigny J, Narinx E, Gerday C. Molecular adaptations of enzymes from psychrophilic organisms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology [Internet]. 2010 [cited 10 August 2018];118(3):495-499. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umng.edu.co/science/article/pii /S030096299700011X?via%3DihubGerday C, Aittaleb M, Arpigny J, Baise E, Chessa J, Garsoux G et al. Psychrophilic enzymes: a thermodynamic challenge. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology [Internet]. 2004 [cited 10 August 2018];1342(2):119-131. Available from: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umng.edu.co/science/article/pii /S0167483897000939#FIG4Google. Proteinas anticongelantes, su produccion y uso. ES2214406T3,2004.https://patents.google.com/patent/ES2214406T3/e sNavas d. Caracterización Molecular de Actinomicetos Provenientes de Ecosistemas Antárticos [pregrado].Uta.edu.ec [Internet] 2012 [cited 10 April 2018] Available from: https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5067/1/uy 24-17012.pdfEscalante Lozada, Adelfo, Gosset Lagarda, Guillermo, Martínez Jiménez, Alfredo, Bolívar Zapata, Francisco, Diversidad bacteriana del suelo: métodos de estudio no dependientes del cultivo microbiano e implicaciones biotecnológicas . Agrociencia 2004 [online] : [cited 10 April 2018] Available from:http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30238602Heath C, Hu X, Cary S, Cowan D. Identification of a Novel Alkaliphilic Esterase Active at Low Temperatures by Screening a Metagenomic Library from Antarctic Desert Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology [Internet]. 2009 [cited 10 April 2018];75(13):4657-4659. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704825/Juidías Rodríguez V. QiimeApp – Una plataforma web para análisis metagenómicos [pregrado] . Universidad de la laguna; [Internet]. 2016[cited 10 April 2018] https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/2614/QiimeApp%20-%20 Una%20plataforma%20web%20para%20analisis%20metagenomicos. pdf?sequence=1.Torres r. INFORME FINAL CRUCERO OCEANOGRÁFICO “Crucero Expedición de Colombia a la Antártida 2016 - 2017” [online]. colombia; 2016 p. 44-45. Available from:Sanchez L, Posada M, proyecto a convocatoria interna investigaciones.Caracterizacion de la diversidad protista psicrofila procedente de la Antartida y su potencial aplicación en biotecnología, Universidad colegio mayor de Cundinamarca, 2016-2017.Secuenciación de ADN [Internet]. Khan Academy. 2018 [cited 12 September 2018]. Available from: https://es.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dn a-sequencing-pcr-electrophoresis/a/dna-sequencingLogan, e. . Genomic and phenotypic comparison of Bacillus fumarioli isolates from geothermal Antarctic soil and gelatine.[Accessed 22 Oct. 2018]. - PubMed - NCBI 2018. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Research in Microbiology Availableat:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15249066Krizova L, e. . Acinetobacter albensis sp. nov., isolated from natural soil and water ecosystems. - PubMed - NCBI.2015 [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Microbiology Society [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018].Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245775Barreto M, Salmonella enterica: una revisión de la trilogía agente, hospedero y ambiente, y su trascendencia en Chile. Rev. chil. infectol. [Internet]. 2016 Oct [citado 2018 Oct 22] ; 33( 5 ): 547-557. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182 016000500010&lng=es. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182016000500010Pedraza, S. . Impacto de las actividades humanas en el estado sanitario de fócidos y otarios en la península Antártica.2011 [online] revista científica de Ecología y medio ambiente [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018]. Redalyc.org. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/540/54021285010.pdfCASTAÑEDA, F. DETECCIÓN DE Salmonella enterica EN PINGÜINOS PAPÚA (Pygoscelis papua) DEL TERRITORIO ANTÁRTICO CHILENO Y DETERMINACIÓN DE RESISTENCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS [online] Repositorio.uchile.cl. 2014 Available at: http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/132092/Detecci%C3 %B3n-de-Salmonella-enterica-en-ping%C3%BCinos-pap%C3%BAa-% 28Pygoscelis-papua%29-del-territorio-ant%C3%A1rtico-chileno-y-dete rminaci%C3%B3n-de-resistencia-a-antibi%C3%B3ticos.pdf?sequence =1 [Accessed 22 Oct. 2018].Xu Z, e. Oceanisphaera profunda sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment, and emended description of the genus Oceanisphaera. - PubMed - NCBI 2014, Microbiology Society [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24425742Zhou S, e. Oceanisphaera psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment samples. - PubMed - NCBI. 2015 [online] [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Microbiology Society. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25991663Shin NR, e. Oceanisphaera sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment. - PubMed - NCBI 2012. [online] [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Microbiology Society. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21856983Cecotti, e. Estudio metabólico y molecular de cultivos bacterianos degradadores de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH) y resistentes a metales pesados.2018 [online] [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Digital.cic.gba.gob.ar. rev. Quimicaviva, Buenos Aires, Argentina Availableat:https://digital.cic.gba.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/11746/4400/ Morelli_Quimica_Viva.pdf-PDFA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGneiding, K. Identidades de Microbacterium spp. Encontrado en muestras clínicas humanas [online] 2008 Microbiologyresearch.org. [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281365585_Microbacterium_l acticum_a_Lysine_Producing_Bacterium_Isolated_from_Oil-contamina ted_Soil_in_South-East_NigeriaWen y, J. Microbacterium halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a saline soil in the west of China 2018. [online] Microbiologyresearch.org.[Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Availableat: http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/ijsem/55/1/67.p df?expires=1540270174&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5EF465F 10B7F427F8E385B25D1BC7EEEYan W, e. Complete genome sequence of the Sporosarcina psychrophila DSM 6497, a psychrophilic Bacillus strain that mediates the calcium carbonate precipitation. (2016). - PubMed Journal of Biotechnology - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27015981So J, Shick Choi N, choi J, lee J, Jung-Hoon Y, song J. Brevundimonas naejangsanensis sp. nov., a proteolytic bacterium isolated from soil, and reclassification of Mycoplana bullata into the genus Brevundimonas as Brevundimonas bullata comb. nov. Revista Internacional de Microbiología Sistemática y Evolutiva 59 [Internet]. 2009 [cited 18 October 2018];(59):3155-3160. Available from: http://ijs.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.0 11700-0;jsessionid=6A8Ii3a24kf19lyGORuDEtYo.x-sgm-live-03#tab9Martín I. Género Arthrobacter. [online] Diversidadmicrobiana.com. 2018 Availableathttps://www.diversidadmicrobiana.com/index.php?option=co m_content&view=article&id=743&Itemid=849 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Lars Ganzert, L. Arthrobacter livingstonensis sp. nov. and Arthrobacter cryotolerans sp. nov., salt- and psychrotolerant species isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica - ePIC. [online] 2011 Epic.awi.de.[Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Available at: http://epic.awi.de/21540/Gualoto, M. . BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS UTILIZANDO CEPAS ANTÁRTICAS. [online] SEMINARIO “ECUADOR EN LA ANTÁRTIDA: HISTORIA, PERSPECTIVAS Y PROYECCIONES”, At Quito Ecuador. [online] 2011 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291334590_BIORREMEDIA CION_DE_HIDROCARBUROS_UTILIZANDO_CEPAS_ANTARTICAS [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]Abraham, W. . Proyecto de secuencia del genoma de Pseudomonas psychrophila MTCC 12324, aislado del Ártico a 79 [online] 2015 [Accessed 10 Oct. 2018] Available at:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279282829_Draft_Genom e_Sequence_of_Pseudomonas_psychrophila_MTCC_12324_Isolated _from_the_Arctic_at_79N [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].Comerio, R. . Algunos micromicetes del suelo y de alimentos deteriorados en la Antártida Argentina. [online] 2018 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018]. Reviberoammicol.com. Available at: http://reviberoammicol.com/2004-21/128134Diversidad bacterianaAntártidaSueloIsla LivingstonIsla DeceptionCultivo microbiológicoMicroorganismos bacterianosMicroorganismo fúngicoSecuenciación de productos de PCRTEXTpresentacion final estudio de la microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antartida, Castillo.pdf.txtpresentacion final estudio de la microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antartida, Castillo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain11514https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/5/presentacion%20final%20estudio%20de%20la%20microbiota%20cultivable%20de%20suelos%20en%20dos%20zonas%20de%20la%20Antartida%2c%20Castillo.pdf.txt3f1ea3e20fe2bd3e1bd09f2b3e9f89a5MD55open accessESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA.pdf.txtESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain128427https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/7/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA.pdf.txt7c197f0257428eb6a846af3ba29dc3b6MD57open accessESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA FORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR.pdf.txtESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA FORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain4https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/9/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA%20FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR.pdf.txtce17bbb4d4f1cbe9a2413e4ea88bb0b2MD59metadata only accessTHUMBNAILpresentacion final estudio de la microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antartida, Castillo.pdf.jpgpresentacion final estudio de la microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antartida, Castillo.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6593https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/6/presentacion%20final%20estudio%20de%20la%20microbiota%20cultivable%20de%20suelos%20en%20dos%20zonas%20de%20la%20Antartida%2c%20Castillo.pdf.jpg2f2ac5987b6021b43c686f566e5650b2MD56open accessESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA.pdf.jpgESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6842https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/8/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA.pdf.jpg3aada1b58bba223af289d91baaca019aMD58open accessESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA FORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR.pdf.jpgESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA FORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7675https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/10/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA%20FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR.pdf.jpg37c11249c37621861d92fc4b3ff85aedMD510metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/4/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD54open accessORIGINALpresentacion final estudio de la microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antartida, Castillo.pdfpresentacion final estudio de la microbiota cultivable de suelos en dos zonas de la Antartida, Castillo.pdfapplication/pdf3051298https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/1/presentacion%20final%20estudio%20de%20la%20microbiota%20cultivable%20de%20suelos%20en%20dos%20zonas%20de%20la%20Antartida%2c%20Castillo.pdfdf01aee4614cd9c41d0bdb7a4df245a9MD51open accessESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA.pdfESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA.pdfapplication/pdf6608220https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/2/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA.pdfcf5c236aead1951b44fb2931df83c1b0MD52open accessESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA FORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR.pdfESTUDIO DE LA MICROBIOTA CULTIVABLE DE SUELOS EN DOS ZONAS DE LA ANTARTIDA FORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR.pdfapplication/pdf376099https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/4778/3/ESTUDIO%20DE%20LA%20MICROBIOTA%20CULTIVABLE%20DE%20SUELOS%20EN%20DOS%20ZONAS%20DE%20LA%20ANTARTIDA%20FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR.pdf298ecae2f0a9f3c9337c34ab5122d85dMD53metadata only accessunicolmayor/4778oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/47782022-03-08 03:01:14.529An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open accessBiblioteca Digital Unicolmayorrepositorio@unicolmayor.edu.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 |