Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya
Los Rohingya son una minoría musulmana en Myanmar que han sido objeto de discriminación y violencia generalizada y se han visto obligados a escapar por la frontera hacia Bangladesh y la India. Están desnutridos y apátridas; por lo tanto, tienen que vivir en campamentos improvisados. Los recientes en...
- Autores:
-
Ghose, Anuttama
Bharadwaj, Sanjana
Ali, S. M. Aamir
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Católica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/30667
- Acceso en línea:
- https://doi.org/10.14718/NovumJus.2023.17.2.10
- Palabra clave:
- CAA (India)
ciudadanía
derecho internacional
Rohingya
apátrida
nacionalidad
CAA (India)
Citizenship
International Law
Rohingya
Statelessness
Nationality
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Anuttama Ghose, Sanjana Bharadwaj, S. M. Aamir Ali - 2023
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Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Politics of Slaughter: A Critical Review of Constitutional Failure in Myanmar and India during Rohingya Crisis |
| title |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| spellingShingle |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya CAA (India) ciudadanía derecho internacional Rohingya apátrida nacionalidad CAA (India) Citizenship International Law Rohingya Statelessness Nationality |
| title_short |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| title_full |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| title_fullStr |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| title_sort |
Políticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los Rohingya |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ghose, Anuttama Bharadwaj, Sanjana Ali, S. M. Aamir |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ghose, Anuttama Bharadwaj, Sanjana Ali, S. M. Aamir |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
CAA (India) ciudadanía derecho internacional Rohingya apátrida nacionalidad |
| topic |
CAA (India) ciudadanía derecho internacional Rohingya apátrida nacionalidad CAA (India) Citizenship International Law Rohingya Statelessness Nationality |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
CAA (India) Citizenship International Law Rohingya Statelessness Nationality |
| description |
Los Rohingya son una minoría musulmana en Myanmar que han sido objeto de discriminación y violencia generalizada y se han visto obligados a escapar por la frontera hacia Bangladesh y la India. Están desnutridos y apátridas; por lo tanto, tienen que vivir en campamentos improvisados. Los recientes enfrentamientos étnicos en el estado de Rakhine (Arakan) de Myanmar entre los Rakhines budistas y los Rohingya musulmanes han captado la atención internacional. Parece como si se hubiera corrido una cortina para exponer una cicatriz horrible. Los musulmanes de Rohingya nunca fueron incluidos en la lista de 137 etnias reconocidas por el Gobierno de Myanmar, lo que provocó su falta de reconocimiento como ciudadanos de Myanmar y la incidencia de tortura y discriminación contra ellos por motivos étnicos y religiosos. El pueblo Rohingya ha sido perseguido durante décadas y ya es hora de que su causa reciba la atención que merece. Sin una investigación más profunda sobre los orígenes de la crisis de los Rohingya, el futuro de esta comunidad de minoría étnica parece sombrío. Debe haber consecuencias para aquellos que perpetran, permiten, ayudan e instigan tales crímenes. La comunidad internacional debe tomar medidas para salvaguardar a los Rohingya, abordar los cargos de crímenes de lesa humanidad y garantizar que las atrocidades y la impunidad no queden sin control durante otra generación. A la luz de la agitación política y las rupturas constitucionales en Myanmar, este artículo intenta arrojar luz sobre las causas de estos atroces abusos contra los Rohingyas. El documento también hace un esfuerzo por investigar la situación de los refugiados Rohingya al observar los principios de no devolución y otras normas consuetudinarias del derecho internacional en países vecinos como India. El artículo continúa discutiendo la posición adoptada por el gobierno indio sobre la definición de la nacionalidad de estos refugiados y ofrece recomendaciones para hacerlo. |
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2023-09-25 15:35:08 |
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2023-09-25 |
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AKM Ahsan Ullah, and Diotima Chattoraj. “Roots of Discrimination Against Rohingya Minorities: Society, Ethnicity and International Relations.” Peace Review 26 (January 1, 2018): 541-565. Azad, Ashraful, and Fareha Jasmin. “Durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation: the Case of Rohingyas in Bangladesh.” Journal of Indian Research 1, no. 4 (2013): 25. Business Standard. “There will be process to give citizenship to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees: FM”. Business Standard, January 19, 2020, https://www.businessstandard.com/article/current-affairs/there-will-be-process-to-give-citizenship-to-srilankan-tamil-refugees-fm-120011900335_1.html. Barany, Zoltan. “Elections and Constitutional Constraints: How the Generals Have Stayed in Power in Myanmar.” SAIS Review of International Affairs 38, no. 1 (2018): 105-117. Bauer, Amie. “Reviews: The Hidden Genocide: Humanizing the Struggle of the Muslim Rohingya of Myanmar.” Children’s Legal Rights Journal 35, no. 1 (2015): 79. Carothers, Thomas, and Benjamin Press. “Understanding and Responding to Global Democratic Backsliding”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Accessed January 1, 2023. https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/10/20/understanding-and-responding-to-global-democratic-backsliding-pub-88173. Cheung, Samuel. “Migration Control and the Solutions Impasse in South and Southeast Asia: Implications from the Rohingya Experience.” Journal of Refugee Studies 25, no. 1 (2012): 50-70. Frelick, Bill. “Bangladesh Is Not My Country.” Human Rights Watch, August 5, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/05/bangladesh-not-my-country/plight-rohingya-refugees-myanmar. Government of India. “Situation in Rakhine State of Myanmar.” Ministry of External Affairs. September 9, 2017. https://mea.gov.in/pressreleases.htm?dtl/28931/Situation+in+Rakhine+State+of+Myanmar. Haidar, Suhasini, and Vijaita Singh. “Government irms up plan to deport Rohingyas”. The Hindu, August 18, 2017. Haidar, Suhasini. “Bali action puts India on other side of the Rohingya debate.” The Hindu, September 9, 2017. Haque, Md. Mahbubul. “Rohingya Ethnic Muslim Minority and the 1982 Citizenship Law in Burma.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 41, no. 2 (2017): 21-36. Huxley, Andrew. “California Refuses to Apply Myanmar Law.” Australian Journal of Asian Law 6, no. 1 (2004): 88-96. Islam, Mohammad. “Rohingya Refugees: Implications of the Right to Return and the Right to Remain.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, October 14, 2020. Accessed March 6, 2023. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3711449. Katrak, India’s Malcolm, Uneasy Engagement with and Shardool Kulkarni. “Refouling Rohingyas: The International Law.”Journal of Liberty and Supreme International Court of Affairs 7, no. 2 (2021): 166-124. Kipgen, Nehginpao. “Addressing the Rohingya Problem.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 49, no. 2 (2014): 242. Lee, Ronan. “A Politician, Not an Icon: Aung San Suu Kyi's Silence on Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 25, no. 3 (2014): 322. Lintner, Bertil. “Championing Islamist Extremism.” South Asia Intelligence Review 1, no. 9 (2002). Maru, Duncan, and Paul Farmer. “Human Rights and Health Systems Development: Confronting the Politics of Exclusion and the Economics of Inequality.” Health and Human Rights 14 (May 13, 2013): 1-8. Mohammad Salimullah v. Union of India. Writ Petition (Civil) No. 793 of 2017 (Diary No. 27338-2017). Parnini, Syeda Naushin. “Non-traditional Security and Problems of Rohingya across the Bangladesh – Myanmar Borders.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2012): 284. Patnaik, Dabiru Sridhar, and Nizamuddin Ahmad Siddiqui. “Problems of Refugee Protection in International Law: An Assessment through the Rohingya Crisis in India.” Socio-Legal Review 14 (2018): 1-29. Rahman, Utpala. “The Rohingya Refugee: A Security Dilemma for Bangladesh.” Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 8, no. 2 (2010): 235. Saha, Kshitij Chandra. “Learning from Rohingya Refugee Repatriation to Myanmar.” Canada’s Periodical on Refugee Issues: Special Issue on Refugee Return 19, no. 3 (2001): 38-41. Schnabel, Liesl, and Cindy Huang. Removing Barriers and Closing Gaps: Improving Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for Rohingya Refugees and Host Communities. Center for Global Development, 2019. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29656. Sefriani. “The Efforts to Terminate the Situation with No-Citizenship and Human Rights Violation of Rohingya Ethnic.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 15, no. 1 (2015): 66. Singh, Sanishka. “Here is how various refugee communities have fared in India”. TheIndian Express, September 14, 2017. Topich, William J., and Keith A. Leitich. The History of Myanmar. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA, 2013. Uddin, Nasir. “State of Stateless People: The Struggle for Existence and the Cry for Survival.” In The Rohingya: An Ethnography of ‘Subhuman’ Life, edited by Nasir Uddin. Oxford University Press, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2023. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199489350.003.0004. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. “Bangkok Principles on the Status and Treatment of Refugees (“Bangkok Principles”).” Refworld. Accessed March 6, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3de5f2d52.html. Walton, Matthew J. “Buddhism, Politics, and Political Thought in Myanmar.” Cambridge University Press, 2017, 167-174. Win, Kyaw Zeyar. “Securitization of the Rohingya in Myanmar”. In Securitization of the Rohingya in Myanmar, 251-276. ISEAS Publishing, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2023. |
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Ghose, Anuttama030c8b59-67d0-47d1-9ebb-5d0cc6adc0e0300Bharadwaj, Sanjana8c1de54e-4a41-47dc-a41c-215a77aa3c19300Ali, S. M. Aamirbf477005-00ff-4108-aa44-eb5590a3da3d2023-09-25 15:35:082023-09-25 15:35:082023-09-25Los Rohingya son una minoría musulmana en Myanmar que han sido objeto de discriminación y violencia generalizada y se han visto obligados a escapar por la frontera hacia Bangladesh y la India. Están desnutridos y apátridas; por lo tanto, tienen que vivir en campamentos improvisados. Los recientes enfrentamientos étnicos en el estado de Rakhine (Arakan) de Myanmar entre los Rakhines budistas y los Rohingya musulmanes han captado la atención internacional. Parece como si se hubiera corrido una cortina para exponer una cicatriz horrible. Los musulmanes de Rohingya nunca fueron incluidos en la lista de 137 etnias reconocidas por el Gobierno de Myanmar, lo que provocó su falta de reconocimiento como ciudadanos de Myanmar y la incidencia de tortura y discriminación contra ellos por motivos étnicos y religiosos. El pueblo Rohingya ha sido perseguido durante décadas y ya es hora de que su causa reciba la atención que merece. Sin una investigación más profunda sobre los orígenes de la crisis de los Rohingya, el futuro de esta comunidad de minoría étnica parece sombrío. Debe haber consecuencias para aquellos que perpetran, permiten, ayudan e instigan tales crímenes. La comunidad internacional debe tomar medidas para salvaguardar a los Rohingya, abordar los cargos de crímenes de lesa humanidad y garantizar que las atrocidades y la impunidad no queden sin control durante otra generación. A la luz de la agitación política y las rupturas constitucionales en Myanmar, este artículo intenta arrojar luz sobre las causas de estos atroces abusos contra los Rohingyas. El documento también hace un esfuerzo por investigar la situación de los refugiados Rohingya al observar los principios de no devolución y otras normas consuetudinarias del derecho internacional en países vecinos como India. El artículo continúa discutiendo la posición adoptada por el gobierno indio sobre la definición de la nacionalidad de estos refugiados y ofrece recomendaciones para hacerlo.The Rohingya are a Muslim minority in Myanmar who have faced widespread discrimination and violence, forcing them to escape over the border into Bangladesh and India. Malnourished and stateless, they have to live in improvised camps. Recent ethnic confrontations in Myanmar's Rakhine (Arakan) State between Buddhist Rakhines and Muslim Rohingya have drawn international attention. It is as if a curtain has been pulled back to expose a horrible scar. The Rohingya Muslims were never included in the list of 137 ethnicities recognized by the Government of Myanmar, which has led to their lack of recognition as citizens of Myanmar and to their being subjected to torture and discrimination based on their ethnicity and religion. The Rohingya people have been persecuted for decades, and it is time for their cause to receive the attention it deserves. Without a deeper investigation into the origins of the Rohingya crisis, the future of this ethnic minority community seems bleak. There must be consequences for those who perpetrate, enable, aid, and abet such crimes. The international community must take action to protect the Rohingya, address charges of crimes against humanity, and ensure that atrocities and impunity do not go unchecked for another generation. In light of the political upheavals and constitutional breakdowns in Myanmar, this article attempts to shed light on the causes of such heinous abuses against the Rohingyas. The paper also attemps to examine the predicament of the Rohingya refugees by looking at the non-refoulment principles and other customary norms of international law in neighbouring countries such as India. The article then discusses the Indian government’s position on defining the nationality of these refugees and offers recommendations for doing so.text/htmlapplication/pdf10.14718/NovumJus.2023.17.2.102500-86921692-6013https://doi.org/10.14718/NovumJus.2023.17.2.10spaUniversidad Catolica de Colombiahttps://novumjus.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/5131/4840https://novumjus.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/5131/4800Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Mayo - Septiembre277225117Novum JusAKM Ahsan Ullah, and Diotima Chattoraj. “Roots of Discrimination Against Rohingya Minorities: Society, Ethnicity and International Relations.” Peace Review 26 (January 1, 2018): 541-565. Azad, Ashraful, and Fareha Jasmin. “Durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation: the Case of Rohingyas in Bangladesh.” Journal of Indian Research 1, no. 4 (2013): 25. Business Standard. “There will be process to give citizenship to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees: FM”. Business Standard, January 19, 2020, https://www.businessstandard.com/article/current-affairs/there-will-be-process-to-give-citizenship-to-srilankan-tamil-refugees-fm-120011900335_1.html. Barany, Zoltan. “Elections and Constitutional Constraints: How the Generals Have Stayed in Power in Myanmar.” SAIS Review of International Affairs 38, no. 1 (2018): 105-117. Bauer, Amie. “Reviews: The Hidden Genocide: Humanizing the Struggle of the Muslim Rohingya of Myanmar.” Children’s Legal Rights Journal 35, no. 1 (2015): 79. Carothers, Thomas, and Benjamin Press. “Understanding and Responding to Global Democratic Backsliding”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Accessed January 1, 2023. https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/10/20/understanding-and-responding-to-global-democratic-backsliding-pub-88173. Cheung, Samuel. “Migration Control and the Solutions Impasse in South and Southeast Asia: Implications from the Rohingya Experience.” Journal of Refugee Studies 25, no. 1 (2012): 50-70. Frelick, Bill. “Bangladesh Is Not My Country.” Human Rights Watch, August 5, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/05/bangladesh-not-my-country/plight-rohingya-refugees-myanmar. Government of India. “Situation in Rakhine State of Myanmar.” Ministry of External Affairs. September 9, 2017. https://mea.gov.in/pressreleases.htm?dtl/28931/Situation+in+Rakhine+State+of+Myanmar. Haidar, Suhasini, and Vijaita Singh. “Government irms up plan to deport Rohingyas”. The Hindu, August 18, 2017. Haidar, Suhasini. “Bali action puts India on other side of the Rohingya debate.” The Hindu, September 9, 2017. Haque, Md. Mahbubul. “Rohingya Ethnic Muslim Minority and the 1982 Citizenship Law in Burma.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 41, no. 2 (2017): 21-36. Huxley, Andrew. “California Refuses to Apply Myanmar Law.” Australian Journal of Asian Law 6, no. 1 (2004): 88-96. Islam, Mohammad. “Rohingya Refugees: Implications of the Right to Return and the Right to Remain.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, October 14, 2020. Accessed March 6, 2023. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3711449. Katrak, India’s Malcolm, Uneasy Engagement with and Shardool Kulkarni. “Refouling Rohingyas: The International Law.”Journal of Liberty and Supreme International Court of Affairs 7, no. 2 (2021): 166-124. Kipgen, Nehginpao. “Addressing the Rohingya Problem.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 49, no. 2 (2014): 242. Lee, Ronan. “A Politician, Not an Icon: Aung San Suu Kyi's Silence on Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 25, no. 3 (2014): 322. Lintner, Bertil. “Championing Islamist Extremism.” South Asia Intelligence Review 1, no. 9 (2002). Maru, Duncan, and Paul Farmer. “Human Rights and Health Systems Development: Confronting the Politics of Exclusion and the Economics of Inequality.” Health and Human Rights 14 (May 13, 2013): 1-8. Mohammad Salimullah v. Union of India. Writ Petition (Civil) No. 793 of 2017 (Diary No. 27338-2017). Parnini, Syeda Naushin. “Non-traditional Security and Problems of Rohingya across the Bangladesh – Myanmar Borders.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2012): 284. Patnaik, Dabiru Sridhar, and Nizamuddin Ahmad Siddiqui. “Problems of Refugee Protection in International Law: An Assessment through the Rohingya Crisis in India.” Socio-Legal Review 14 (2018): 1-29. Rahman, Utpala. “The Rohingya Refugee: A Security Dilemma for Bangladesh.” Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 8, no. 2 (2010): 235. Saha, Kshitij Chandra. “Learning from Rohingya Refugee Repatriation to Myanmar.” Canada’s Periodical on Refugee Issues: Special Issue on Refugee Return 19, no. 3 (2001): 38-41. Schnabel, Liesl, and Cindy Huang. Removing Barriers and Closing Gaps: Improving Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for Rohingya Refugees and Host Communities. Center for Global Development, 2019. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29656. Sefriani. “The Efforts to Terminate the Situation with No-Citizenship and Human Rights Violation of Rohingya Ethnic.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 15, no. 1 (2015): 66. Singh, Sanishka. “Here is how various refugee communities have fared in India”. TheIndian Express, September 14, 2017. Topich, William J., and Keith A. Leitich. The History of Myanmar. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA, 2013. Uddin, Nasir. “State of Stateless People: The Struggle for Existence and the Cry for Survival.” In The Rohingya: An Ethnography of ‘Subhuman’ Life, edited by Nasir Uddin. Oxford University Press, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2023. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199489350.003.0004. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. “Bangkok Principles on the Status and Treatment of Refugees (“Bangkok Principles”).” Refworld. Accessed March 6, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3de5f2d52.html. Walton, Matthew J. “Buddhism, Politics, and Political Thought in Myanmar.” Cambridge University Press, 2017, 167-174. Win, Kyaw Zeyar. “Securitization of the Rohingya in Myanmar”. In Securitization of the Rohingya in Myanmar, 251-276. ISEAS Publishing, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2023.Anuttama Ghose, Sanjana Bharadwaj, S. M. Aamir Ali - 2023info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://novumjus.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/5131CAA (India)ciudadaníaderecho internacionalRohingyaapátridanacionalidadCAA (India)CitizenshipInternational LawRohingyaStatelessnessNationalityPolíticas de masacre: una revisión crítica del fracaso constitucional en Myanmar e India durante la crisis de los RohingyaPolitics of Slaughter: A Critical Review of Constitutional Failure in Myanmar and India during Rohingya CrisisArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionOREORE.xmltext/xml2684https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/10c3bcd5-ec06-4504-871f-cb794bc4b7c1/download476d204cec5753317ac359d424032ae9MD5110983/30667oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/306672023-12-31 14:02:41.542http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0Anuttama Ghose, Sanjana Bharadwaj, S. M. Aamir Ali - 2023https://repository.ucatolica.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Católica de Colombia - RIUCaCbdigital@metabiblioteca.com |