Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales
The theory of local public goods is based on the theoretical considerations from the Tiebout’s hypothesis, which was the first claim regarding the geographic dimension of public goods. This hypothesis reflects preferences in terms of different type of goods. This paper addresses an analogical concep...
- Autores:
-
Camelo-Rincón, Milton Samuel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2009
- Institución:
- Universidad Católica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
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- spa
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- Acceso en línea:
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- Palabra clave:
- BIEN PÚBLICO LOCAL
HIPÓTESIS DE TIEBOUT
TEORÍA DE LOS CLUBES
EXTERNALIDADES
HACIENDA PÚBLICA
LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS
TIEBOUT´S HYPOTHESIS
EXTERNALITIES
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
BIENES PUBLICOS
ECONOMIA-TEORIAS
HACIENDA PUBLICA
HIPOTESIS DE TIEBOUT
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- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2009
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Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales The development of the local public goods theory |
| title |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales |
| spellingShingle |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales BIEN PÚBLICO LOCAL HIPÓTESIS DE TIEBOUT TEORÍA DE LOS CLUBES EXTERNALIDADES HACIENDA PÚBLICA LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS TIEBOUT´S HYPOTHESIS EXTERNALITIES FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION BIENES PUBLICOS ECONOMIA-TEORIAS HACIENDA PUBLICA HIPOTESIS DE TIEBOUT |
| title_short |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales |
| title_full |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales |
| title_fullStr |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales |
| title_sort |
Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Camelo-Rincón, Milton Samuel |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Camelo-Rincón, Milton Samuel |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
BIEN PÚBLICO LOCAL HIPÓTESIS DE TIEBOUT TEORÍA DE LOS CLUBES EXTERNALIDADES HACIENDA PÚBLICA LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS TIEBOUT´S HYPOTHESIS EXTERNALITIES FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION |
| topic |
BIEN PÚBLICO LOCAL HIPÓTESIS DE TIEBOUT TEORÍA DE LOS CLUBES EXTERNALIDADES HACIENDA PÚBLICA LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS TIEBOUT´S HYPOTHESIS EXTERNALITIES FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION BIENES PUBLICOS ECONOMIA-TEORIAS HACIENDA PUBLICA HIPOTESIS DE TIEBOUT |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
BIENES PUBLICOS ECONOMIA-TEORIAS HACIENDA PUBLICA HIPOTESIS DE TIEBOUT |
| description |
The theory of local public goods is based on the theoretical considerations from the Tiebout’s hypothesis, which was the first claim regarding the geographic dimension of public goods. This hypothesis reflects preferences in terms of different type of goods. This paper addresses an analogical conceptual approach between Tiebout’s model and the model of market under perfect competition; it discusses theoretical developments of these conjectural considerations which have given a broader and deeper sense to the Tiebout’s statements. This study describes how additional elements can provide more powerful interpretative applications of the theory of public goods |
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2009 |
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2009-12 |
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2013-05-16T21:13:10Z |
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2013-05-16T21:13:10Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Camelo, M. S. (2009). Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 1 (2) Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/RFYPE/article/view/551/572 |
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2248-6046 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10983/616 |
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Camelo, M. S. (2009). Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 1 (2) Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/RFYPE/article/view/551/572 2248-6046 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10983/616 |
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spa |
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spa |
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Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 1 no. 2 (jul.-dic. 2009); p. 36-50 |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atkinson A. y J. Stiglitz. Lectures on Public Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Book Company, 1980. Besley T. & S. Coate. Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Analysis. NBER Working Paper 7084, National Bureau of Economics Resarch, 1999. Breton, A. Competitive Governments. An Economic Theory of Politics and Public Finance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Buchanan, J. An Economic Theory of Clubs. Economica, New Series, 32 (125): 1-14, 1965. Buchanan, J. M. Federalism and Fiscal Equity. The American Economic Review, 40, (4): 583- 599, 1950. Donahue, J. D. “Tiebout? Or not Tiebout? The Market Metaphor and America’s Devolution Debate”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (4): 73-82, 1997. Edel, M. & E. Sclar. “Taxes, Spending, and Property Values: Supply Adjustment in a Tiebout-Oates Model”. Journal of Political Economy, 82: 941-54, 1974. Epple, D. & M. Visscher. “A Search for Testable Implications of the Tiebout Hypothesis”. Politica Economica, 86: 405-25, 1978. Hamilton, B. “Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments”. Urban Studies, 12: 205-11, 1975. Hamilton, B. “Capitalization of Intrajurisdictional Differences in Local Tax Prices”. American Economic Review, 66: 743-53, 1976. Hazle Henderson. “Jumping to the Safety-Net Economy”. The Christian Science Monitor: 1979. Hirschman, A. O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970. Letelier, L. La teoría de la descentralización fiscal. Documento de Apoyo Docente, 15. INAP. Universidad de Chile, 2007. Musgrave R. y P. Musgrave. Hacienda pública. Teórica y aplicada. 5 edición. McGraw Hill, 1992. Musgrave, R. “The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy”. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 53: 213-237, 1939. Musgrave, R. The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959. Oates, W. E. Fiscal Federalism. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972. Oates W. E. “On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model”. The American Economic Review, 71 (2): 93-98. Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Third Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 1981. Oates, W. E. Searching for Leviathan: an empirical study. American Economic Review, September, 1985, pp. 748-757. Oates, W. E. “An Essay on Fiscal Federalism”. Journal of Economic Literature, 27: 1120-1149, 1999. Oates, W. E. Fiscal Competition or Harmonization? Some Reflections. National, 2002. Oates, W. E. “The Many Faces of the Tiebout Model”. En: William A. Fischel (ed.). The Tiebout Model at Fifty. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2006. Pauly, M. “Income Redistribution as a Local Public Good”. Journal of Public Economics, 2: 35-58, 1973. Pauly, M. “A Model of Local Government Expenditure and Tax Capitalization”. Journal of Public Economic, 6 (23): 1-42, 1976. Peng S. K. & P. Wang. Sorting by Foot: ‘Travel-for’ Local Public Goods and Equilibrium Stratification. The Canadian Journal of Economics, 38 (4): 1224-1252, 2005. Porto, A. “Fundamentos teóricos para la centralización tributaria y las transferencias Intergubernamentales”. UNLP, julio de 2003. Rosen, H. Hacienda Pública. 5 edición. McGraw Hill, 2002. Rubinfeld, D. “The economics of the local public sector”. Handbook of Public Economics, 2: 571-645, 1987. Samuelson, P. “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure”. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 36 (4): 387-389, 1954. Samuelson, P. “Diagrammatic Exposition of a Theory of Public Expenditure”. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 37 (4): 350-356, 1955. Starrett, D. A. “Measuring Externalities and Second Best Distortions in the Theory of Local Public Goods”. Econometrica, 48 (3): 627-642, 1980. Stiglitz, J. The Theory of Local Public Goods. En: M. S. Feldstein y R. P. Inman (eds.). The Economic of Public Services. London: McMillan, 1977. Tax Journal, LIV, 3, 1977. Tiebout, C. “A Pure Theory of Local Expediture”. The Journal of Political Economy, 64 (5): 416-424, 1956. Yinger, J. Capitalization and the Theory of Local Public Finance. Disc. Paper D80-7, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Univ., Julio, 1980. Zodrow, G. R. & P. Mieszkowski. “Pigou, Tiebout, property taxation and the under-provision of local public goods”. Journal of Urban Economics, 19: 356-370, 1986. |
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Camelo-Rincón, Milton Samuel55f940a7-3952-43a3-8ed6-cd2a74ad05562013-05-16T21:13:10Z2013-05-16T21:13:10Z2009-12The theory of local public goods is based on the theoretical considerations from the Tiebout’s hypothesis, which was the first claim regarding the geographic dimension of public goods. This hypothesis reflects preferences in terms of different type of goods. This paper addresses an analogical conceptual approach between Tiebout’s model and the model of market under perfect competition; it discusses theoretical developments of these conjectural considerations which have given a broader and deeper sense to the Tiebout’s statements. This study describes how additional elements can provide more powerful interpretative applications of the theory of public goodsLa teoría de los bienes públicos locales toma forma desde la concepción de la hipótesis de Tiebout, que es el primer planteamiento que tuvo en cuenta la dimensión espacial de los bienes públicos, y constituye un mecanismo para la revelación de las preferencias sobre este tipo de bienes. Este trabajo desarrolla la analogía entre el modelo de Tiebout y el modelo neoclásico como una herramienta de dirección del trabajo y no como fin mismo pues, de lo contrario, puede terminar en una discusión ideológica que no es pertinente. Se examina el desarrollo de la teoría a través de la revisión de tópicos relevantes y aportes que han enriquecido y complementado el modelo de Tiebout; y, finalmente, describe elementos esenciales que debe incorporar la teoría para que tenga un mayor poder explicativoapplication/pdfCamelo, M. S. (2009). Sobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos locales. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 1 (2) Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/RFYPE/article/view/551/5722248-6046http://hdl.handle.net/10983/616spaRevista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 1 no. 2 (jul.-dic. 2009); p. 36-50Atkinson A. y J. Stiglitz. Lectures on Public Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Book Company, 1980.Besley T. & S. Coate. Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Analysis. NBER Working Paper 7084, National Bureau of Economics Resarch, 1999.Breton, A. Competitive Governments. An Economic Theory of Politics and Public Finance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Buchanan, J. An Economic Theory of Clubs. Economica, New Series, 32 (125): 1-14, 1965.Buchanan, J. M. Federalism and Fiscal Equity. The American Economic Review, 40, (4): 583- 599, 1950.Donahue, J. D. “Tiebout? Or not Tiebout? The Market Metaphor and America’s Devolution Debate”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (4): 73-82, 1997.Edel, M. & E. Sclar. “Taxes, Spending, and Property Values: Supply Adjustment in a Tiebout-Oates Model”. Journal of Political Economy, 82: 941-54, 1974.Epple, D. & M. Visscher. “A Search for Testable Implications of the Tiebout Hypothesis”. Politica Economica, 86: 405-25, 1978.Hamilton, B. “Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments”. Urban Studies, 12: 205-11, 1975.Hamilton, B. “Capitalization of Intrajurisdictional Differences in Local Tax Prices”. American Economic Review, 66: 743-53, 1976.Hazle Henderson. “Jumping to the Safety-Net Economy”. The Christian Science Monitor: 1979.Hirschman, A. O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970.Letelier, L. La teoría de la descentralización fiscal. Documento de Apoyo Docente, 15. INAP. Universidad de Chile, 2007.Musgrave R. y P. Musgrave. Hacienda pública. Teórica y aplicada. 5 edición. McGraw Hill, 1992.Musgrave, R. “The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy”. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 53: 213-237, 1939. Musgrave, R. The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.Oates, W. E. Fiscal Federalism. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972.Oates W. E. “On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model”. The American Economic Review, 71 (2): 93-98. Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Third Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 1981.Oates, W. E. Searching for Leviathan: an empirical study. American Economic Review, September, 1985, pp. 748-757.Oates, W. E. “An Essay on Fiscal Federalism”. Journal of Economic Literature, 27: 1120-1149, 1999.Oates, W. E. Fiscal Competition or Harmonization? Some Reflections. National, 2002.Oates, W. E. “The Many Faces of the Tiebout Model”. En: William A. Fischel (ed.). The Tiebout Model at Fifty. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2006.Pauly, M. “Income Redistribution as a Local Public Good”. Journal of Public Economics, 2: 35-58, 1973.Pauly, M. “A Model of Local Government Expenditure and Tax Capitalization”. Journal of Public Economic, 6 (23): 1-42, 1976.Peng S. K. & P. Wang. Sorting by Foot: ‘Travel-for’ Local Public Goods and Equilibrium Stratification. The Canadian Journal of Economics, 38 (4): 1224-1252, 2005.Porto, A. “Fundamentos teóricos para la centralización tributaria y las transferencias Intergubernamentales”. UNLP, julio de 2003.Rosen, H. Hacienda Pública. 5 edición. McGraw Hill, 2002.Rubinfeld, D. “The economics of the local public sector”. Handbook of Public Economics, 2: 571-645, 1987.Samuelson, P. “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure”. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 36 (4): 387-389, 1954.Samuelson, P. “Diagrammatic Exposition of a Theory of Public Expenditure”. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 37 (4): 350-356, 1955.Starrett, D. A. “Measuring Externalities and Second Best Distortions in the Theory of Local Public Goods”. Econometrica, 48 (3): 627-642, 1980.Stiglitz, J. The Theory of Local Public Goods. En: M. S. Feldstein y R. P. Inman (eds.). The Economic of Public Services. London: McMillan, 1977. Tax Journal, LIV, 3, 1977.Tiebout, C. “A Pure Theory of Local Expediture”. The Journal of Political Economy, 64 (5): 416-424, 1956.Yinger, J. Capitalization and the Theory of Local Public Finance. Disc. Paper D80-7, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Univ., Julio, 1980.Zodrow, G. R. & P. Mieszkowski. “Pigou, Tiebout, property taxation and the under-provision of local public goods”. Journal of Urban Economics, 19: 356-370, 1986.Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2009info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2BIEN PÚBLICO LOCALHIPÓTESIS DE TIEBOUTTEORÍA DE LOS CLUBESEXTERNALIDADESHACIENDA PÚBLICALOCAL PUBLIC GOODSTIEBOUT´S HYPOTHESISEXTERNALITIESFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONBIENES PUBLICOSECONOMIA-TEORIASHACIENDA PUBLICAHIPOTESIS DE TIEBOUTSobre el desarrollo de la teoría de los bienes públicos localesThe development of the local public goods theoryArtículo de 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