Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)

En este artículo se presenta evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB para Colombia, durante el periodo 1970-2009. Los resultados muestran que las series son no estacionarias; es decir, son I (1) de manera individual, adicionalmente, existe una relación de largo plaz...

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Autores:
Campo-Robledo, Jacobo Alberto
Sarmiento, Viviana
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Institución:
Universidad Católica de Colombia
Repositorio:
RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/639
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/10983/639
Palabra clave:
CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA
RELACIÓN DE COINTEGRACIÓN
MODELO DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES DE VECTORES COINTEGRADOS (VECM)
RUPTURA ESTRUCTURAL
COLOMBIA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
COINTEGRATION RELATION
VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
STRUCTURAL BREAK
CONSUMO DE ENERGIA-COLOMBIA-1970-2009
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO-COLOMBIA
PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO-COLOMBIA
ENERGIA ELECTRICA-COLOMBIA
PRODUCTO NACIONAL BRUTO
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2011
id UCATOLICA2_856d0f7bef434a4b65fa55a539b72bd6
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network_acronym_str UCATOLICA2
network_name_str RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
Error Correction Model for Energy Consumption – GDP relationship in Colombia 1970 - 2009
title Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
spellingShingle Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA
RELACIÓN DE COINTEGRACIÓN
MODELO DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES DE VECTORES COINTEGRADOS (VECM)
RUPTURA ESTRUCTURAL
COLOMBIA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
COINTEGRATION RELATION
VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
STRUCTURAL BREAK
CONSUMO DE ENERGIA-COLOMBIA-1970-2009
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO-COLOMBIA
PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO-COLOMBIA
ENERGIA ELECTRICA-COLOMBIA
PRODUCTO NACIONAL BRUTO
title_short Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
title_full Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
title_fullStr Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
title_full_unstemmed Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
title_sort Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Campo-Robledo, Jacobo Alberto
Sarmiento, Viviana
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Campo-Robledo, Jacobo Alberto
Sarmiento, Viviana
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA
RELACIÓN DE COINTEGRACIÓN
MODELO DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES DE VECTORES COINTEGRADOS (VECM)
RUPTURA ESTRUCTURAL
COLOMBIA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
COINTEGRATION RELATION
VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
STRUCTURAL BREAK
topic CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA
RELACIÓN DE COINTEGRACIÓN
MODELO DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES DE VECTORES COINTEGRADOS (VECM)
RUPTURA ESTRUCTURAL
COLOMBIA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
COINTEGRATION RELATION
VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
STRUCTURAL BREAK
CONSUMO DE ENERGIA-COLOMBIA-1970-2009
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO-COLOMBIA
PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO-COLOMBIA
ENERGIA ELECTRICA-COLOMBIA
PRODUCTO NACIONAL BRUTO
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv CONSUMO DE ENERGIA-COLOMBIA-1970-2009
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO-COLOMBIA
PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO-COLOMBIA
ENERGIA ELECTRICA-COLOMBIA
PRODUCTO NACIONAL BRUTO
description En este artículo se presenta evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB para Colombia, durante el periodo 1970-2009. Los resultados muestran que las series son no estacionarias; es decir, son I (1) de manera individual, adicionalmente, existe una relación de largo plazo entre dichas variables. A través de un VECM se estiman las elasticidades de corto y largo plazo para analizar la dinámica de ajuste. Los resultados muestran que en el corto plazo se mantiene la hipótesis de conservación pero que a largo plazo se evidencia una retroalimentación entre ambas variables. Se concluye que en Colombia no se evidencia una relación de consumo de energía y PIB en el corto plazo, por tanto, los hacedores de política pueden implementar estrategias encaminadas a la conservación de la energía
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2011-06
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2013-05-21T21:05:43Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2013-05-21T21:05:43Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Campo, J. & Sarmiento, V. (2011). Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009). Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 3 (1) Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/RFYPE/article/view/529/550
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2248-6046
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10983/639
identifier_str_mv Campo, J. & Sarmiento, V. (2011). Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009). Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 3 (1) Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/RFYPE/article/view/529/550
2248-6046
url http://hdl.handle.net/10983/639
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 3, no. 1 (ene.-jun. 2011); p. 60-68
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv AKARCA, ¿A.T?. & LONG, ¿T.V.?. On the relationship between energy and GNP: A reexamination. Journal of Energy Development, vol.5: 326-331, 1980.
ABOSEDRA, Salaheddin, BAGHESTANI, Hamid?. New evidence on the causal relationship between U.S. Energy consumption y Gross National product. Journal of Energy and Development, vol.14: 285-292, 1991.
AL-IRIANI, M.A. Energy GDP relationship revisted: an example from GCC countries using panel causality. Energy Policy, vol.34: 3342-3350, 2006.
CHENG, B.S. An investigation of cointegration and causality between energy consumption and economic growth. Journal of Energy Development, vol. 21: 73-84, 1995.
DICHEY, D. & FULLER, ¿William?. Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 74: 427- 431, 1979.
ENGLE, R.F. & GRANGER, ¿Clive?. Co-integration and Error-Correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econométrica, vol. 55 (2): 251-276, 1987.
EROL, U., & YU, Siu Hung Eden. On the causal relationship between energy and income for industrialized countries. Journal of Energy Development, vol. 13: 113-122, 1987.
FATAI, K., OXLEY, Les, SCRIMGEOUR, Frank?. Energy consumption and employment in New Zealand: searching for causality. Paper presented at NZAE Conference. Wellington: 26-28, June 2002.
GHOSH, Sugata. Electricity consumption and economic growth in India. Energy Policy, vol. (30): 125-129, 2002.
GLASURE, Y. & LEE, Ann?. Cointegration, error correction and relationship between GDP and Energy: the case of South Korea and Singapore. Resource and Energy Economics, (20): 17-25, 1997.
GRANGER, C. & NEWBOLD, Paul. Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, vol. 2: 111-120, 1974.
HWANG, D. & GUM, B. The causal relationship between energy and GNP: the case of Taiwan. Jornal of Energy and Development, pp.219-226, 1992.
JOHANSEN, S. Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 12(2-3): 231-254, 1988.
JOHANSEN, S. Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econométrica, vol. 59(6): 1551- 80, November 1991.
JOHANSEN, S. y JUSELIUS, K. Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration- -With Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol.52(2): 169-210, May 1990.
KRAFT, J. y KRAFT, A. On the relationship between energy and GNP. Journal of Energy and Development, vol. 2 (3): 401-403.
KWIATKOWSKI, D., PHILLIPS, P., SCHMIDT, P. y SHIN, Y. Testing the null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of Unit Root. Journal of Econometrics, vol. 54 (1-3): 159-178, 1992.
LANNE, M., LÜTKEPOHL, H. y SAIKKONEN, P. Comparison of unit root tests for time series with level shifts. Journal of Time Series Analysis. 2002.
MAGAZZINO, C. Energy Consumption and Aggregate Income in Italy: Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA). (28494), 2011.
MASIH, A., MASIH R. Energy consumption and real income temporal causality, results from a multi-country study based on Cointegration and Error Correction Modeling Techniques, Energy Economics, vol. 18: 165-183, 1996.
OZTURK, ILHAN & ACARAVCI, ALI. The causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania: Evidence from ARDL bound testing approach. Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(6), pages 1938-1943, 2010.
PERRON, P. The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Econométrica, vol. 57(6): 1361-1401, November 1989.
SAIKKONEN, P. y LÜTKEPOHL, H. Testing for a unit root in a time series with a level shift at unknown time. Econometric Theory, vol. 18: 313-348, 2002.
SIMS, C. Macroeconomics and Reality. Econométrica, vol. 48(1): 1-48, January 1980.
SOYTAS, U. SARI, R. y OZDEMIR, O. Energy Consumption and GDP Relations in Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis. Economics and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings. Global Business and Technology Association. 838-844, 2001.
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spelling Campo-Robledo, Jacobo Albertodcd71748-6b11-45c8-bd6f-1065c7310e33-1Sarmiento, Viviana781eb083-c3d3-4872-9499-aa407afc6760-12013-05-21T21:05:43Z2013-05-21T21:05:43Z2011-06En este artículo se presenta evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB para Colombia, durante el periodo 1970-2009. Los resultados muestran que las series son no estacionarias; es decir, son I (1) de manera individual, adicionalmente, existe una relación de largo plazo entre dichas variables. A través de un VECM se estiman las elasticidades de corto y largo plazo para analizar la dinámica de ajuste. Los resultados muestran que en el corto plazo se mantiene la hipótesis de conservación pero que a largo plazo se evidencia una retroalimentación entre ambas variables. Se concluye que en Colombia no se evidencia una relación de consumo de energía y PIB en el corto plazo, por tanto, los hacedores de política pueden implementar estrategias encaminadas a la conservación de la energíaThis paper presents empirical evidence on the relationship between energy consumption and GDP in Colombia during the period 1970 to 2009. The results show that the series are not stationary, i.e. are individually I (1); in addition we find a long term relationship between both variables. Through a VECM we estimate short and long term elasticities to analyze the dynamics of adjustment. The results show that in the short-term the conservation hypothesis holds (i.e. no evidence of a short-term relationship of energy consumption to GDP). In the long-term, however, we find evidence of a feedback mechanism between both variables. Yet, this paper provides evidence that policymakers can implement policies aimed at energy conservation without hurting economic growthapplication/pdfCampo, J. & Sarmiento, V. (2011). Un modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009). Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 3 (1) Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/RFYPE/article/view/529/5502248-6046http://hdl.handle.net/10983/639spaRevista Finanzas y Política Económica, Vol. 3, no. 1 (ene.-jun. 2011); p. 60-68AKARCA, ¿A.T?. & LONG, ¿T.V.?. On the relationship between energy and GNP: A reexamination. Journal of Energy Development, vol.5: 326-331, 1980.ABOSEDRA, Salaheddin, BAGHESTANI, Hamid?. New evidence on the causal relationship between U.S. Energy consumption y Gross National product. Journal of Energy and Development, vol.14: 285-292, 1991.AL-IRIANI, M.A. Energy GDP relationship revisted: an example from GCC countries using panel causality. Energy Policy, vol.34: 3342-3350, 2006.CHENG, B.S. An investigation of cointegration and causality between energy consumption and economic growth. Journal of Energy Development, vol. 21: 73-84, 1995.DICHEY, D. & FULLER, ¿William?. Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 74: 427- 431, 1979.ENGLE, R.F. & GRANGER, ¿Clive?. Co-integration and Error-Correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econométrica, vol. 55 (2): 251-276, 1987.EROL, U., & YU, Siu Hung Eden. On the causal relationship between energy and income for industrialized countries. Journal of Energy Development, vol. 13: 113-122, 1987.FATAI, K., OXLEY, Les, SCRIMGEOUR, Frank?. Energy consumption and employment in New Zealand: searching for causality. Paper presented at NZAE Conference. Wellington: 26-28, June 2002.GHOSH, Sugata. Electricity consumption and economic growth in India. Energy Policy, vol. (30): 125-129, 2002.GLASURE, Y. & LEE, Ann?. Cointegration, error correction and relationship between GDP and Energy: the case of South Korea and Singapore. Resource and Energy Economics, (20): 17-25, 1997.GRANGER, C. & NEWBOLD, Paul. Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, vol. 2: 111-120, 1974.HWANG, D. & GUM, B. The causal relationship between energy and GNP: the case of Taiwan. Jornal of Energy and Development, pp.219-226, 1992.JOHANSEN, S. Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 12(2-3): 231-254, 1988.JOHANSEN, S. Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econométrica, vol. 59(6): 1551- 80, November 1991.JOHANSEN, S. y JUSELIUS, K. Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration- -With Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol.52(2): 169-210, May 1990.KRAFT, J. y KRAFT, A. On the relationship between energy and GNP. Journal of Energy and Development, vol. 2 (3): 401-403.KWIATKOWSKI, D., PHILLIPS, P., SCHMIDT, P. y SHIN, Y. Testing the null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of Unit Root. Journal of Econometrics, vol. 54 (1-3): 159-178, 1992.LANNE, M., LÜTKEPOHL, H. y SAIKKONEN, P. Comparison of unit root tests for time series with level shifts. Journal of Time Series Analysis. 2002.MAGAZZINO, C. Energy Consumption and Aggregate Income in Italy: Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA). (28494), 2011.MASIH, A., MASIH R. Energy consumption and real income temporal causality, results from a multi-country study based on Cointegration and Error Correction Modeling Techniques, Energy Economics, vol. 18: 165-183, 1996.OZTURK, ILHAN & ACARAVCI, ALI. The causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania: Evidence from ARDL bound testing approach. Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(6), pages 1938-1943, 2010.PERRON, P. The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Econométrica, vol. 57(6): 1361-1401, November 1989.SAIKKONEN, P. y LÜTKEPOHL, H. Testing for a unit root in a time series with a level shift at unknown time. Econometric Theory, vol. 18: 313-348, 2002.SIMS, C. Macroeconomics and Reality. Econométrica, vol. 48(1): 1-48, January 1980.SOYTAS, U. SARI, R. y OZDEMIR, O. Energy Consumption and GDP Relations in Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis. Economics and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings. Global Business and Technology Association. 838-844, 2001.Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2011info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2CONSUMO DE ENERGÍARELACIÓN DE COINTEGRACIÓNMODELO DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES DE VECTORES COINTEGRADOS (VECM)RUPTURA ESTRUCTURALCOLOMBIAENERGY CONSUMPTIONCOINTEGRATION RELATIONVECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)STRUCTURAL BREAKCONSUMO DE ENERGIA-COLOMBIA-1970-2009DESARROLLO ECONOMICO-COLOMBIAPROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO-COLOMBIAENERGIA ELECTRICA-COLOMBIAPRODUCTO NACIONAL BRUTOUn modelo de corrección de errores para la relación entre el consumo de energía y el PIB en Colombia (1970-2009)Error Correction Model for Energy Consumption – GDP relationship in Colombia 1970 - 2009Artículo de 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