Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.

La agresión autoritaria, la sumisión autoritaria y el convencionalismo son creencias sociales o actitudes que forman parte del llamado autoritarismo. El presente estudio da cuenta de la construcción y análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de una escala abreviada para evaluar tendencias autoritar...

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Autores:: Ávila-Batista, Ana Cristina
Rueda, Fabián J. M.
Hauck-Filho, Nelson

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2019

Institución:: Universidad Católica de Colombia

Repositorio:: RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Construction and validity evidence of a brief self-report scale to assess authoritarianism.
title	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
spellingShingle	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo. Attitudes Prejudice Social groups Actitudes Prejuicio Grupos sociales Atitudes Preconceito Grupos sociais
title_short	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
title_full	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
title_fullStr	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
title_full_unstemmed	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
title_sort	Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Ávila-Batista, Ana Cristina Rueda, Fabián J. M. Hauck-Filho, Nelson
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Ávila-Batista, Ana Cristina Rueda, Fabián J. M. Hauck-Filho, Nelson
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	Attitudes Prejudice Social groups
topic	Attitudes Prejudice Social groups Actitudes Prejuicio Grupos sociales Atitudes Preconceito Grupos sociais
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Actitudes Prejuicio Grupos sociales Atitudes Preconceito Grupos sociais
description	La agresión autoritaria, la sumisión autoritaria y el convencionalismo son creencias sociales o actitudes que forman parte del llamado autoritarismo. El presente estudio da cuenta de la construcción y análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de una escala abreviada para evaluar tendencias autoritarias, la Escala de Actitudes frente al Autoritarismo (ESCAUT). En total, participaron 786 brasileños adultos con edades entre los 18 y 75 años, el 70.7 % eran militares. Inicialmente, se elaboraron 42 ítems para captar los principales tipos de creencias autoritarias, y los resultados de los análisis factoriales ordinales permitieron retener 20 ítems de moderados a altamente discriminatorios (cargas > .50) de dos factores latentes: autoritarismo moral y punitivo (a = .88) y autoritarismo sumiso (a = .89). Las curvas de información revelaron una amplia cobertura de la variable latente para ambas subescalas. Incluso, el instrumento fue capaz de discriminar participantes militares de no militares, con grandes efectos para las diferencias entre los grupos. En conclusión, la ESCAUT consiste en una escala abreviada de autoinforme que puede ser utilizada en la investigación de las principales actitudes autoritarias presentes en la población general. Al final se discuten las limitaciones del estudio.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2019-01-30 10:21:14 2023-01-23T15:42:47Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2019-01-30 10:21:14 2023-01-23T15:42:47Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2019-01-30
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.type.local.eng.fl_str_mv	Journal article
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dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	10.14718/ACP.2019.22.1.3
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dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv	Núm. 1 , Año 2019 : ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÏA
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv	51
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dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Acta Colombiana de Psicología
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Adorno, T. H., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D., & Sanford N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper. Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-Wing Authoritarianism. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding Right-Wing Authoritarianism. San Diego, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The Authoritarian Specter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Asún, R. A., Rdz-Navarro, K., & Alvarado, J. M. (2015). Developing Multidimensional Likert Scales Using Item Factor Analysis: The Case of Four-point Items. Sociological Methods & Research, 0049124114566716-. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114566716 Barros, T. S., Torres, A. R. R., & Pereira, C. (2009). Psico-USF (Impresso). PsicoUSF (Vol. 14). Universidade São Francisco. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-82712009000100006 Brussino, S., & Etchezahar, E. (2013). Psychological perspectives in the study of authoritarianism. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 5(3), 495?521. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/5869902/Psychological_perspectives_in_the_study_of_authoritarianism Cárdenas, M., & Parra, L. (2011). Adaptación y validación de la Versión Abreviada de la Escala de Autoritarismos de Derechas (RWA) en una muestra chilena. Revista de Psicología, 19(1), 61?79. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2010.17098 Carlson, H., Thayer, R. E., & Germann, A. C. (1971). Social Attitudes and Personality Differences among Members of Two Kinds of Police Departments (Innovative vs. Traditional) and Students. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 62(4), 564. https://doi.org/10.2307/1141714 Diáz-Lázaro, C. M., Castañeras, C., Ledesma, R. D., S., V., & Rand, A. (2014). Right-Wing Authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, empathy, and materialistic value orientation as predictors of intergroup prejudice in Argentina. Salud & Sociedad, 5(3), 282?297. https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.5014.0003.00004 Duckitt, J. (1993). Right-Wing Authoritarianism Among White South African Students: Its Measurement and Correlates. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(4), 553?563. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9712181 Duckitt, J., Bizumic, B., Krauss, S. W., & Heled, E. (2010). A Tripartite Approach to Right-Wing Authoritarianism: The Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism Model. Political Psychology, 31(5), 685-715. doi: https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00781.x Duncan, L. E., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1997). Authoritarianism and Gender Roles: Toward a Psychological Analysis of Hegemonic Relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(1), 41?49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297231005 Dunwoody, P. T., & Funke, F. (2016). The Aggression-Submission-Conventionalism Scale: Testing a new three factor measure of authoritarianism. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 4(2), 571?600. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v4i2.168 Duriez, B., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Beyers, W., & Soenens, B. (2012). Right-Wing Authoritarianism: Protective Factor Against or Risk Factor for Depression? European Journal of Personality, 26(5), 536?549. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.853 Dusso, A. (2017). Race and Right-Wing Authoritarianism: How Scoring High in Authoritarianism Does Not Necessarily Lead to Support for Right-Wing Candidates*. Social Science Quarterly, 98(1), 244?260. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12302 Fromm, E. (1942). The fear of freedom. London: Routledge. Funke, F. (2005). The Dimensionality of Right-Wing Authoritarianism: Lessons from the Dilemma between Theory and Measurement. Political Psychology, 26(2), 195?218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00415.x Gatto, J., Dambrun, M., Kerbrat, C., & De Oliveira, P. (2009). Prejudice in the police: On the processes underlying the effects of selection and group socialisation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 252?269. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.617 Gray, D., & Durrheim, K. (2013). Collective Rights and Personal Freedoms: A Discursive Analysis of Participant Accounts of Authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 34(4), 631?648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00932.x Gregurovi?, M., Kuti, S., & Župari?-Ilji?, D. (2016). Attitudes towards Immigrant Workers and Asylum Seekers in Eastern Croatia: Dimensions, Determinants and Differences. Migracijske I Etnicke Teme, 32(1), 91?122. https://doi.org/10.11567/met.32.1.4 Holgado?Tello, F. P., Chacón?Moscoso, S., Barbero?García, I., & Vila?Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality & Quantity, 44(1), 153?166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-008-9190-y Johnson, M. K., Labouff, J. P., Rowatt, W. C., Patock-Peckham, J. A., & Carlisle, R. D. (2012). Facets of Right-Wing Authoritarianism Mediate the Relationship Between Religious Fundamentalism and Attitudes Toward Arabs and African Americans. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(1), 128?142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01622.x Kossowska, M., Bukowski, M., & Hiel, A. Van. (2008). The impact of submissive versus dominant authoritarianism and negative emotions on prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 744?749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.022 Laguna, L., Linn, A., Ward, K., & Rupslaukyte, R. (2010). An Examination of Authoritarian Personality Traits among Police Officers: The Role of Experience. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 25(2), 99?104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-009-9060-0 Larsson, M. R., Björklund, F., & Bäckström, M. (2012). Right-wing authoritarianism is a risk factor of torture-like abuse, but so is social dominance orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 927?929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.015 Laythe, B., Finkel, D., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2001). Predicting Prejudice from Religious Fundamentalism and Right-Wing Authoritarianism: A Multiple-Regression Approach. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(1), 1?10. https://doi.org/10.1111/0021-8294.00033 Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2013). FACTOR 9.2: A Comprehensive Program for Fitting Exploratory and Semiconfirmatory Factor Analysis and IRT Models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 37(6), 497?498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621613487794 Lorenzo-Seva, U., Timmerman, M. E., & Kiers, H. A. L. (2011). The Hull Method for Selecting the Number of Common Factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(2), 340?364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.564527 Manganelli Rattazzi, A. M., Bobbio, A., & Canova, L. (2007). A short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1223?1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.013 Manoussaki, K., & Veitch, F. (2015). Ambivalent Sexism, Right Wing Authoritarianism and Rape Myth Acceptance in Scotland. International Journal of Gender & Women?s Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v3n1a9 Mavor, K. I., Louis, W. R., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). A bias-corrected exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of right-wing authoritarianism: Support for a three-factor structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(1), 28?33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.006 McFarland, S. G., Ageyev, V. S., & Abalakina-Paap, M. A. (1992). Authoritarianism in the former Soviet Union. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 1004?1010. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.1004 Moghaddam, F. M., & Vuksanovic, V. (1990). Attitudes and Behavior Toward Human Rights Across Different Contexts the Role of Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Political Ideology, and Religiosity. International Journal of Psychology, 25(2), 455?474. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207599008247877 Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2014). Mplus user?s guide. (Seventh Ed). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén. Nuñes-Alacón, M., Moreno-Jiménez, M. P., & Moral-Toranzo. (2011). Modelo causal del prejuicio religioso. Anales de Psicologia, 27(3), 852?861. Onraet, E., & van Hiel, A. (2014). Are Right-Wing Adherents Mentally Troubled? Recent Insights on the Relationship of Right-Wing Attitudes With Threat and Psychological Ill-Being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 35?40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413514249 Pasquali, L. (2010). Testes referentes a construto: Teoria e modelo de construção. In L. Pasquali (Ed.), Instrumentação psicológica: Fundamentos e práticas (pp. 165-198). PortoAlegre: Artmed. Perrott, S. B. ., & Taylor, D. M. (1995). Attitudinal Differences Between Police Constables and Their Supervisors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 22(3), 326?339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854895022003009 Rubinstein, G. (2006). Authoritarianism Among Border Police Officers, Career Soldiers, and Airport Security Guards at the Israeli Border. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(6), 751?761. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.146.6.751-761 Seoane, J., & Garzón, A. (1991). Creencias sociales contemporáneas, autoritarismo y humanismo. Psicología Política, 5, 27?52. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2826354 Silva, I. G. (2016). Democracia, autoritarismo e imperialismo: a centralidade da agenda conservadora na política brasileira. Revista de Políticas Públicas, 20, 237?244. https://doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v20nEp237-244 Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209?20. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023353 Van Hiel, A., & De Clercq, B. (2009). Authoritarianism is good for you: Right-wing authoritarianism as a buffering factor for mental distress. European Journal of Personality, 23(1), 33?50. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.702 van Vaerenbergh, Y., & Thomas, T. D. (2013). Response Styles in Survey Research: A Literature Review of Antecedents, Consequences, and Remedies. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(2), 195?217. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/eds021 Velicer, W. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 41(3), 321?327. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293557 Walker, W. D., Rowe, R. C., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). Authoritarianism and sexual aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 1036?1045. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.5.1036 Worden, R. E. (1995). Police officers? belief systems: a framework for analysis. American Journal of Police, 14(1), 49?81. https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549510152979 Zakrisson, I. (2005). Construction of a short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 863?872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.026
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv	Fabián J. M. Rueda - 2019
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spelling	Ávila-Batista, Ana Cristinaba0fec7c-f0cd-40fb-9f22-cd1f7ad0f7de300Rueda, Fabián J. M.59ad1984-95a3-44de-b0e8-8c9e3138fc39300Hauck-Filho, Nelsonb05a276e-197f-4b43-a541-f40c65cb9b5c2019-01-30 10:21:142023-01-23T15:42:47Z2019-01-30 10:21:142023-01-23T15:42:47Z2019-01-30La agresión autoritaria, la sumisión autoritaria y el convencionalismo son creencias sociales o actitudes que forman parte del llamado autoritarismo. El presente estudio da cuenta de la construcción y análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de una escala abreviada para evaluar tendencias autoritarias, la Escala de Actitudes frente al Autoritarismo (ESCAUT). En total, participaron 786 brasileños adultos con edades entre los 18 y 75 años, el 70.7 % eran militares. Inicialmente, se elaboraron 42 ítems para captar los principales tipos de creencias autoritarias, y los resultados de los análisis factoriales ordinales permitieron retener 20 ítems de moderados a altamente discriminatorios (cargas > .50) de dos factores latentes: autoritarismo moral y punitivo (a = .88) y autoritarismo sumiso (a = .89). Las curvas de información revelaron una amplia cobertura de la variable latente para ambas subescalas. Incluso, el instrumento fue capaz de discriminar participantes militares de no militares, con grandes efectos para las diferencias entre los grupos. En conclusión, la ESCAUT consiste en una escala abreviada de autoinforme que puede ser utilizada en la investigación de las principales actitudes autoritarias presentes en la población general. Al final se discuten las limitaciones del estudio.Authoritarian aggression, authoritarian submission, and conventionalism comprise beliefs or attitudes know as authoritarianism. In the present study, we report on the development and the test of the psychometric properties of a brief scale for the assessment of authoritarian tendencies, the Attitudes toward Authoritarianism Scale (ESCAUT). Participants in the study were 786 adults with ages ranging from 18 to 75 years, 70.7% military. An initial pool of 42 items written to capture the core features of authoritarianism was evaluated by specialists, and then answered by the participants. Results from ordinal factor analysis indicated 20 items with moderately to highly discriminative (factor loadings > .50) of two latent factors: Moral and punitive authoritarianism (a = .88), and submissive authoritarianism (a = .89). Test information curves revealed a broad coverage of the latent trait in both subscales. Moreover, the instrument could discriminate military from non-military participants, with large size differences. The ESCAUT is a brief self-report scale recommended for the assessment of the main features of authoritarianism in the general Latin American population. Limitations of the study are addressed.application/pdftext/htmlapplication/pdftext/htmlapplication/xml10.14718/ACP.2019.22.1.31909-97110123-9155https://hdl.handle.net/10983/28428https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2019.22.1.3spaUniversidad Católica de Colombiahttps://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1617/pdf1.2https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1617/2485https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1617/pdf1.3https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1617/2486https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1617/2462Núm. 1 , Año 2019 : ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÏA5113122Acta Colombiana de PsicologíaAdorno, T. H., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D., & Sanford N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper.Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-Wing Authoritarianism. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding Right-Wing Authoritarianism. San Diego, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers.Altemeyer, B. (1996). The Authoritarian Specter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Asún, R. A., Rdz-Navarro, K., & Alvarado, J. M. (2015). Developing Multidimensional Likert Scales Using Item Factor Analysis: The Case of Four-point Items. Sociological Methods & Research, 0049124114566716-. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114566716Barros, T. S., Torres, A. R. R., & Pereira, C. (2009). Psico-USF (Impresso). PsicoUSF (Vol. 14). Universidade São Francisco. Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-82712009000100006Brussino, S., & Etchezahar, E. (2013). Psychological perspectives in the study of authoritarianism. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 5(3), 495?521. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/5869902/Psychological_perspectives_in_the_study_of_authoritarianismCárdenas, M., & Parra, L. (2011). Adaptación y validación de la Versión Abreviada de la Escala de Autoritarismos de Derechas (RWA) en una muestra chilena. Revista de Psicología, 19(1), 61?79. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2010.17098Carlson, H., Thayer, R. E., & Germann, A. C. (1971). Social Attitudes and Personality Differences among Members of Two Kinds of Police Departments (Innovative vs. Traditional) and Students. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 62(4), 564. https://doi.org/10.2307/1141714Diáz-Lázaro, C. M., Castañeras, C., Ledesma, R. D., S., V., & Rand, A. (2014). Right-Wing Authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, empathy, and materialistic value orientation as predictors of intergroup prejudice in Argentina. Salud & Sociedad, 5(3), 282?297. https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.5014.0003.00004Duckitt, J. (1993). Right-Wing Authoritarianism Among White South African Students: Its Measurement and Correlates. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(4), 553?563. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9712181Duckitt, J., Bizumic, B., Krauss, S. W., & Heled, E. (2010). A Tripartite Approach to Right-Wing Authoritarianism: The Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism Model. Political Psychology, 31(5), 685-715. doi: https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00781.xDuncan, L. E., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1997). Authoritarianism and Gender Roles: Toward a Psychological Analysis of Hegemonic Relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(1), 41?49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297231005Dunwoody, P. T., & Funke, F. (2016). The Aggression-Submission-Conventionalism Scale: Testing a new three factor measure of authoritarianism. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 4(2), 571?600. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v4i2.168Duriez, B., Klimstra, T. 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Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 863?872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.026Fabián J. M. Rueda - 2019info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/1617AttitudesPrejudiceSocial groupsActitudesPrejuicioGrupos socialesAtitudesPreconceitoGrupos sociaisConstrucción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.Construction and validity evidence of a brief self-report scale to assess authoritarianism.Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml3319https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/56dfb777-02b5-497a-9ccd-d0c48beb95c1/downloaddf7578858b2a96740fa9d4f6b366befdMD5110983/28428oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/284282023-03-24 17:55:18.093https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Fabián J. M. Rueda - 2019https://repository.ucatolica.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Católica de Colombia - RIUCaCbdigital@metabiblioteca.com

Construcción y evidencias de validez de una escala abreviada de autoinforme para evaluar el autoritarismo.

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