Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru
The purpose of the research is to identify the main determinants of financial inclusion in Peru at the department level (without Lima) from 2010 to 2017, aiming to analyze the challenges faced by financial inclusion policies. A twostage GMM method was used to estimate a panel data model where the en...
- Autores:
-
Boitano, Guillermo
Abanto-Aranda, Deyvi Franco
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Católica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/25616
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10983/25616
- Palabra clave:
- POBREZA
ECONOMÍA - PERÚ
INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA
EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA
EXCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA
CONCENTRACIÓN BANCARIA
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright, Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2020
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Desafíos de las políticas de inclusión financiera en el Perú |
| title |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| spellingShingle |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru POBREZA ECONOMÍA - PERÚ INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA EXCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA CONCENTRACIÓN BANCARIA |
| title_short |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| title_full |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| title_fullStr |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| title_sort |
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Boitano, Guillermo Abanto-Aranda, Deyvi Franco |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Boitano, Guillermo Abanto-Aranda, Deyvi Franco |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
POBREZA ECONOMÍA - PERÚ |
| topic |
POBREZA ECONOMÍA - PERÚ INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA EXCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA CONCENTRACIÓN BANCARIA |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA EXCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA CONCENTRACIÓN BANCARIA |
| description |
The purpose of the research is to identify the main determinants of financial inclusion in Peru at the department level (without Lima) from 2010 to 2017, aiming to analyze the challenges faced by financial inclusion policies. A twostage GMM method was used to estimate a panel data model where the endogenous variable is Sarma’s financial inclusion index (2008). The results indicate that bank concentration is the main variable affecting financial inclusion. At the same time, although the effect of technology is positive, it is diminishing over time due to the inefficient deployment of such technology and, in many cases, a lack of knowledge on how to use it, especially in the remote areas of Peru. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-01 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-02T16:13:15Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-02T16:13:15Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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publishedVersion |
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Boitano, G., & Abanto-Aranda, D. F. (2020). Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru. Revista de Finanzas y Política Económica, 12(1), 89-117. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10983/25616 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Boitano, G., & Abanto-Aranda, D. F. (2020). Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru. Revista de Finanzas y Política Económica, 12(1), 89-117. |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10983/25616 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
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117 |
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1 |
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89 |
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12 |
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Revista Finanzas y Política Económica |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aduda, J., & Kalunda, E. (2012). Financial Inclusion and Financial Sector Stability with Reference to Kenya: A Review of Literature. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 2(6), 95-120. Agarwal, A. (2010). Financial Deepening, Financial Inclusion: Challenges and Opportunities. The 23rd Skoch Summit. Akileng, G., Lawino, G. M., & Nzibonera, E. (2018). Evaluation of determinants of financial inclusion in Uganda. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 8(4), 47-66. http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAFB%2FVol%208_4_4.pdf Alfageme, A., & Ramírez-Rondán, N. (2016). Acceso a servicios financieros de los hogares en el Perú. Working Papers 2016-015. Lima: Banco Central de Reserva del Perú. Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Martinez, M. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27, 1-30. Anzoategui, D., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Martínez, M. (2014). Remittances and Financial Inclusion: Evidence from El Salvador. World Development, 54(C), 338-349. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.006 Aparicio, C., & Huayta, K., (2015). Using electronic money through the mobile phone as the key instrument to improve financial inclusion in Peru: A set of recommendations to generate the desired outputs. DT/02, Lima: SBS. Aparicio, C., Huayta, K., & Bohórquez, D. (2016). Access to Financial Services through Retail Agents and Household Expenditures: Evidence from Peru. Journal of Financial Issues SBS, 12(1), 1-26. Ardic, O. P., Heimann, M., & Mylenko, N. (2011). Access to financial services and the financial inclusion agenda around the world: a cross-country analysis with a new data set. Policy Research working paper, WPS 5537. Washington, DC: World Bank. Banco de Crédito del Perú (BCP). (2014). Reporte anual 2014. BCP: Lima. https://ww3. viabcp.com/Connect/ViaBCP%202017/Personas/Relaciones%20con%20Inversionistas/ Informaci%C3%B3n%20financiera/Memoria%20BCP%202014.pdf Banerjee, A., & Newman, A. (1993). Occupational Choice and the Process of Development. Journal of Political Economy, 101(2), 274-98. https://www.jstor.org/ stable/2138820 Banerjee, A., Breza, E., Duflo, E., & Kinnan, C. (2019). Can Microfinance Unlock a Poverty Trap for Some Entrepreneurs? NBER Working paper No. w26346. Beck, T. (2016). Financial Inclusion: Measuring progress in measuring. Paper presented at the 4th IMF Statistical Forum: Lifting the Small Boats: Statistics for Inclusive Growth. Nov. 17-18, 2016, Washington, D.C. Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2007). Finance, inequality and the poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-007-9010-6 Bogdan, B., & Totan, L. (2013). Econometric modeling of banking exclusion. Romanian Statistical Review, 61(3), 50-54. Burgess, R., & Pande, R. (2005). Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment. American Economic Review, 95(3), 780-795. https://doi. org/ 10.1257/0002828054201242 Chakrabarty, K. (2011). Financial Inclusion and Banks: Issues and Perspectives. Address at the FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry) – UNDP (The United Nations Development Programme) Seminar on “Financial Inclusion: Partnership between Banks, MFIs and Communities”, New Delhi, 14 October 2011. Chandwani, R., & Kulkarni, V. (2018). Role of Intermediaries in Providing Financial Access: Current and Future Research Trends. In Dwivedi Y. et al. (eds). Emerging Markets from a Multidisciplinary Perspective (pp. 27-35), Springer, Cham. Chauvet, L., & Jacolin, L. (2017). Financial Inclusion, Bank Concentration, and Firm Performance. World Development, 97(C), 1-13. Devlin, J. (2009). An analysis of influences on total financial exclusion. Service Industries Journal, 29(8), 1021-1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060902764160 Diniz, E., Birochi, R., & Pozzebon, M. (2011). Triggers and barriers to financial inclusion: The use of ICT-based branchless banking in an Amazon county. Electronic Comerce Research and Applications, 11(5), 484-494. Dupas, P., Karlan, D., Robinson, J., & Ubfal, D. (2018). Banking the Unbanked? Evidence from Three Countries. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 10(2), 257-97. Fernández, S., Llanes, M., López-Moctezuma, C., Rojas, J., & Tuesta, D. (2014). Inclusión financiera y el papel de la banca móvil en Colombia: desarrollos y potencialidades. Documento de Trabajo, Nº 14/01, Madrid: BBVA Research. García, N., Grifoni, A., López, J. C., & Mejía, M. (2013). La educación financiera en América Latina y el Caribe. Situación actual y perspectivas. Serie Políticas Públicas y Transformación Productiva, 12, Caracas: CAF. http://scioteca.caf.com/ handle/123456789/379 Ghosh, M., & Dixit, R. (2014). Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth of India a Study of Indian States. International Journal of Business Management and Research, 3(1), 147-156. Hannig, A., & Jansen, S. (2010). Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability: Current Policy Issues. ADBI Working Paper 259. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/156114/adbi-wp259.pdf. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI). (2019). Principales indicadores macroeconómicos. Lima: INEI. https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indice-tematico/ producto-bruto-interno-por-departamentos-9089/. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e informática (2018a). Evolución de la pobreza monetaria 2007-2017. INEI: Lima. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/cifras_de_pobreza/ informe_tecnico_pobreza_monetaria_2007-2017.pdf Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (2018b). Telecomunicaciones. INEI: Lima. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/ Lib1483/cap21/cap21.htm Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (2018c). Analfabetismo y alfabetismo. INEI: Lima. https://www1.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indice-tematico/ analfabetismo-y-alfabetismo-8036/ International Labour Organization (ILO). (2016). Role of Finance in Driving Formalization of Informal Enterprises. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/ groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/---ifp_seed/documents/publication/ wcms_533200.pdf. Iqbal, B. A., & Sami, S. (2017). Role of banks in financial inclusion in India. Contaduría y Administración, 62(2), 644-656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2017.01.007 Jaramillo, M., C. Aparicio, & B. Cevallos. (2013). Qué factores explican las diferencias en el acceso al sistema financiero?: evidencia a nivel de hogares en el Perú. Documento de Trabajo/03/2018, Lima: SBS. Kabakova, O., & Plaksenkov, E. (2018). Analysis of factors affecting financial inclusion: Ecosystem view. Journal of Business Research, 89(C), 198-205. Karpowicz, I. (2016). Financial Inclusion, Growth and Inequality: A Model Application to Colombia. Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, 2(6), 68-89. Kim, J. H. (2016). A Study on the Effect of Financial Inclusion on the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(2), 498-512. Klein, M., & Mayer, C. 2011. Mobile banking and financial inclusion: The regulatory lessons. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 5664. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Kodan, A., & Chhikara, K. (2013). A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis of Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth. Management and Labour Studies, 38(1-2), 103-133. Kumar, N. (2013). Financial inclusion and its determinants: evidence from India. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 5(1), 4-19. Kumar, A., Pal, R., & Pal, R. (2018). Usage of formal financial services in India: Demand barriers or supply constraints? Economic Modelling, 80(1), 244-259. Léon, F., & Zins, A. (2020). Regional foreign banks and financial inclusion: Evidence from Africa. Economic Modelling, 84, 102-116. Lopez, T., & Winkler, A. (2017). The challenge of rural financial inclusion – evidence from microfinance. Applied Economics, 50(14), 1555-1577. Mader, P. (2017). Contesting financial inclusion. Development and Change, 49(2), 461-483. Mas, I., & Almazán, M. (2011). Banking the Poor through Everyday Stores. Innovations, 6(1), 119-128. Ministerio de la Producción (PRODUCE). (2020). Estadística MIPYME. Lima: PRODUCE. http://ogeiee.produce.gob.pe/index.php/shortcode/estadistica-oee/ estadisticas-mipyme Ministerio de Educación. (2020). Estadísticas de la calidad Educativa. Lima: MINEDU. http://escale.minedu.gob.pe/tendencias Mushtaq, R., & Bruneau, C. (2019). Microfinance, financial inclusion and ICT: Implications for poverty and inequality. Technology in Society, 59 Neaime, S., & Gaysset, I. (2018). Financial inclusion and stability in MENA: Evidence from poverty and inequality. Finance Research Letters, 24, 230-237. Owen, L., & Pereira, J. (2016). Bank Concentration, Competition, and Financial Inclusion (September 8, 2016). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2836521. Ozili, P. (2018). Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329-340. Park, C.-Y., & Mercado, R. (2018). Financial Inclusion, Poverty, And Income Inequality. The Singapore Economic Review, 63(01), 185-206. Pizarro Aranguren, L., & Caballero Muñiz, R. (2009). Acceso al sistema financiero y banca concentrada: ¿sacrificando corderos por leones? IUS ET VERITAS, 19(38), 96-109. Rajeev, M., & Vani, B. (2017). Financial Access of the Urban Poor in India. A Story of Exclusion. New Delhi: Springer India. Sarma, M. (2008). Index of financial inclusion. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, Working Paper No 215. Sarma, M., & Pais, J. (2011). Financial Inclusion and Development. Journal of International and Development, 23(5), 613-628. Sharma, D. (2016). Nexus between financial inclusion and economic growth: Evidence from the emerging Indian economy, Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 8(1), 13-36. Schmied, J., & Marr, A. (2016). Financial inclusion and poverty: The case of Peru. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 16(2), 29-43. Seng, K. (2019). The Poverty-Reducing Effects of Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Cambodia. MPRA Paper 95726. Shihadeh, H., Hannon, A., Guan, J., Haq, I., & Wang, X. (2018). Does financial inclusion improve the banks’ performance? Evidence from Jordan. In J. W. Kensinger (Ed.), Global tensions in financial markets (pp. 117-138), Bradford: Emerald Publishing Limited. Sinja, B., Cull, R., Gine, X., Sven, H., & Heitmann, S. (2018). Banking with Agents: Experimental Evidence from Senegal (April 19, 2018). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8417. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165809 Sotomayor, N., Talledo, J., & Wong, S. (2018). Determinants of financial inclusion in Peru: Recent Evidence from the Demand Side. DT/06, Lima: SBS. Soumaré, I., Tchana, F., & Kengne, T. (2016). Analysis of the determinants of financial inclusion in Central and West Africa. Transnational Corporations Review, 8(4), 231-249. Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. (1981). Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information. The American Economic Review, 71(3), 393-410 Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS). (2014). Perú: indicadores de inclusión financiera de los sistemas financiero, de seguros y de pensiones. Lima: SBS. https:// intranet2.sbs.gob.pe/estadistica/financiera/2014/Diciembre/CIIF-0001-di2014.PDF Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS). (2017). Perú: indicadores de inclusión financiera de los sistemas financiero, de seguros y de pensiones. Lima: SBS. https:// intranet2.sbs.gob.pe/estadistica/financiera/2017/Diciembre/CIIF-0001-di2017.PDF Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS). (2019). Información Estadística de Banca Múltiple. Lima: SBS. https://www.sbs.gob.pe/app/stats/ EstadisticaBoletinEstadistico.asp?p=1 Talledo, J. (2015). Access to and use of financial services: evidence from Peru. Journal of Financial Issues SBS, 11(1), 1-49. Thoene, U., & Turriago-Hoyos, A. (2017). Financial inclusion in Colombia: A scoping literature review. Intagible Capital, 13(3), 582-614. Vega, M. (2017). Retail payments innovations in Peru: Modelo Peru and financial inclusion. Journal of Payments Strategy & Systems, 10(4), 343-351. Zins, A., & Weill, L. (2016). The determinants of financial inclusion in Africa. Review of Development Finance, 6(1), 46-57. Wang, X., & Guan, J. (2017). Financial inclusion: measurement, spatial effects and influencing factors. Applied Economics, 49(18), 1-12. Wang’oo, E. (2008). The relationship between financial inclusion and economic development in Kenya. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/63345 Wentzel, J. P., Diatha, K. S., & Yadavalli, V. S. S. (2016). An investigation into factors impacting financial exclusion at the bottom of the pyramid in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 33(2), 1-12. World Bank. (2000). World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. Washington: Oxford University Press. World Bank. (2019). Financial Inclusion on the Rise, But Gaps Remain, Global Findex Database Shows. World Bank: Washington D. C. https://www.bancomun dial.org/es/news/press-release/2018/04/19/financial-inclusion-on-the-rise-but-gaps -remain-global-findex-database-shows. |
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Boitano, Guillermoa223c69c-aaef-478f-8a25-7fb4171c4eb0-1Abanto-Aranda, Deyvi Franco222f899f-48d8-4bab-8203-b60f78fd67ee-12021-03-02T16:13:15Z2021-03-02T16:13:15Z2020-01The purpose of the research is to identify the main determinants of financial inclusion in Peru at the department level (without Lima) from 2010 to 2017, aiming to analyze the challenges faced by financial inclusion policies. A twostage GMM method was used to estimate a panel data model where the endogenous variable is Sarma’s financial inclusion index (2008). The results indicate that bank concentration is the main variable affecting financial inclusion. At the same time, although the effect of technology is positive, it is diminishing over time due to the inefficient deployment of such technology and, in many cases, a lack of knowledge on how to use it, especially in the remote areas of Peru.Resumen: el objetivo de la investigación es identificar los principales determinantes de la inclusión financiera en el Perú a nivel departamental (sin Lima) de 2010 a 2017, con el fin de analizar los desafíos que enfrentan las políticas de inclusión financiera. Se usó un método GMM de dos etapas para estimar un modelo de datos de panel, donde la variable endógena es el índice de inclusión financiera de Sarma (2008). Los resultados indican que la concentración bancaria es la principal variable que afecta la inclusión financiera. Al mismo tiempo, aunque el efecto de la tecnología es positivo, está disminuyendo con el tiempo debido al despliegue ineficiente de dicha tecnología y, en muchos casos, a una falta de conocimiento de cómo usarla, especialmente en las zonas remotas del Perú.29 páginasapplication/pdfBoitano, G., & Abanto-Aranda, D. F. (2020). Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru. Revista de Finanzas y Política Económica, 12(1), 89-117.https://hdl.handle.net/10983/25616engUniversidad Católica de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y AdministrativasBogotá11718912Revista Finanzas y Política EconómicaAduda, J., & Kalunda, E. (2012). Financial Inclusion and Financial Sector Stability with Reference to Kenya: A Review of Literature. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 2(6), 95-120.Agarwal, A. (2010). Financial Deepening, Financial Inclusion: Challenges and Opportunities. The 23rd Skoch Summit.Akileng, G., Lawino, G. M., & Nzibonera, E. (2018). Evaluation of determinants of financial inclusion in Uganda. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 8(4), 47-66. http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAFB%2FVol%208_4_4.pdfAlfageme, A., & Ramírez-Rondán, N. (2016). Acceso a servicios financieros de los hogares en el Perú. Working Papers 2016-015. Lima: Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Martinez, M. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27, 1-30.Anzoategui, D., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Martínez, M. (2014). Remittances and Financial Inclusion: Evidence from El Salvador. World Development, 54(C), 338-349. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.006Aparicio, C., & Huayta, K., (2015). Using electronic money through the mobile phone as the key instrument to improve financial inclusion in Peru: A set of recommendations to generate the desired outputs. DT/02, Lima: SBS.Aparicio, C., Huayta, K., & Bohórquez, D. (2016). Access to Financial Services through Retail Agents and Household Expenditures: Evidence from Peru. Journal of Financial Issues SBS, 12(1), 1-26.Ardic, O. P., Heimann, M., & Mylenko, N. (2011). Access to financial services and the financial inclusion agenda around the world: a cross-country analysis with a new data set. Policy Research working paper, WPS 5537. Washington, DC: World Bank.Banco de Crédito del Perú (BCP). (2014). Reporte anual 2014. BCP: Lima. https://ww3. viabcp.com/Connect/ViaBCP%202017/Personas/Relaciones%20con%20Inversionistas/ Informaci%C3%B3n%20financiera/Memoria%20BCP%202014.pdfBanerjee, A., & Newman, A. (1993). Occupational Choice and the Process of Development. Journal of Political Economy, 101(2), 274-98. https://www.jstor.org/ stable/2138820Banerjee, A., Breza, E., Duflo, E., & Kinnan, C. (2019). Can Microfinance Unlock a Poverty Trap for Some Entrepreneurs? NBER Working paper No. w26346.Beck, T. (2016). Financial Inclusion: Measuring progress in measuring. Paper presented at the 4th IMF Statistical Forum: Lifting the Small Boats: Statistics for Inclusive Growth. Nov. 17-18, 2016, Washington, D.C.Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2007). Finance, inequality and the poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-007-9010-6Bogdan, B., & Totan, L. (2013). Econometric modeling of banking exclusion. Romanian Statistical Review, 61(3), 50-54.Burgess, R., & Pande, R. (2005). Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment. American Economic Review, 95(3), 780-795. https://doi. org/ 10.1257/0002828054201242Chakrabarty, K. (2011). Financial Inclusion and Banks: Issues and Perspectives. 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(2016). An investigation into factors impacting financial exclusion at the bottom of the pyramid in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 33(2), 1-12.World Bank. (2000). World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. Washington: Oxford University Press.World Bank. (2019). Financial Inclusion on the Rise, But Gaps Remain, Global Findex Database Shows. World Bank: Washington D. C. https://www.bancomun dial.org/es/news/press-release/2018/04/19/financial-inclusion-on-the-rise-but-gaps -remain-global-findex-database-shows.Copyright, Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2020info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2POBREZAECONOMÍA - PERÚINCLUSIÓN FINANCIERAEDUCACIÓN FINANCIERAEXCLUSIÓN FINANCIERACONCENTRACIÓN BANCARIAChallenges of financial inclusion policies in PeruDesafíos de las políticas de inclusión financiera en el PerúArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85PublicationORIGINAL3177-Texto del artículo-23410-1-10-20200914.pdf3177-Texto del artículo-23410-1-10-20200914.pdfapplication/pdf1043303https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/abc19351-07c1-462d-8565-b525fce05f1a/downloadff3cf80cbe89ae02139f724fab95f6b8MD51TEXT3177-Texto del artículo-23410-1-10-20200914.pdf.txt3177-Texto del artículo-23410-1-10-20200914.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain72068https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/b818e660-773d-4e37-b198-d625ec35686d/download87f37bf521b4c14008a898cd7fffd10fMD52THUMBNAIL3177-Texto del artículo-23410-1-10-20200914.pdf.jpg3177-Texto del artículo-23410-1-10-20200914.pdf.jpgRIUCACimage/jpeg17007https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/514375f0-375e-4298-b9e6-8d317fa8dd8a/downloaddc6ec9c18acade63040a8df053162cb8MD5310983/25616oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/256162023-03-24 16:06:40.139https://repository.ucatolica.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Católica de Colombia - RIUCaCbdigital@metabiblioteca.com |