Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial

Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad empresarial, medida por los indicadores de desempeño financiero: rentabilidad de los activos y rentabilidad del patrimonio, de mil empresas colombianas de seis sectores económicos: agropecuario, comercial,...

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Autores:
Camargo, David
Ruiz, Liliana
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad de Cartagena
Repositorio:
Repositorio Universidad de Cartagena
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co:11227/17928
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11227/17928
https://doi.org/10.32997/pe-2023-4547
Palabra clave:
Corporate social responsibility
Cost effectiveness
Firms
Ordinary Least Squares
Empresas
Mínimos cuadrados ordinarios
Rentabilidad
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial
Rights
openAccess
License
David Camargo, Liliana Ruiz - 2024
id UCART2_1e8d140b2b5a5fb52259c8282c9f6974
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co:11227/17928
network_acronym_str UCART2
network_name_str Repositorio Universidad de Cartagena
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on business profitability
title Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
spellingShingle Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
Corporate social responsibility
Cost effectiveness
Firms
Ordinary Least Squares
Empresas
Mínimos cuadrados ordinarios
Rentabilidad
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial
title_short Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
title_full Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
title_fullStr Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
title_full_unstemmed Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
title_sort Efectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarial
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Camargo, David
Ruiz, Liliana
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Camargo, David
Ruiz, Liliana
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Corporate social responsibility
Cost effectiveness
Firms
Ordinary Least Squares
topic Corporate social responsibility
Cost effectiveness
Firms
Ordinary Least Squares
Empresas
Mínimos cuadrados ordinarios
Rentabilidad
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Empresas
Mínimos cuadrados ordinarios
Rentabilidad
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial
description Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad empresarial, medida por los indicadores de desempeño financiero: rentabilidad de los activos y rentabilidad del patrimonio, de mil empresas colombianas de seis sectores económicos: agropecuario, comercial, construcción, manufacturero, minero y servicios. Métodos: La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa y los métodos usados para el procesamiento de los datos son los de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios y por errores robustos para corregir problemas de heterocedasticidad, y de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados Factibles. Resultados: El efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad no es significativo para los sectores agropecuario y comercial, lo que confirma la hipótesis de neutralidad. Para la rentabilidad del patrimonio en el sector minero, y para la rentabilidad de los activos en los sectores de manufacturas y servicios, los resultados sí son significativos mostrando un efecto positivo de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, por el contrario, la rentabilidad del patrimonio para los sectores construcción y servicios, siendo significativa evidencia una relación negativa entre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y este indicador. Conclusión: El efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad depende del sector económico y del indicador de desempeño financiero que se analice.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-14T00:00:00Z
2024-09-05T20:24:29Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-14T00:00:00Z
2024-09-05T20:24:29Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-14
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Aguilera-Caracuel, J.; Guerrero-Villegas, J.; Morales-Raya, M., (2015). Responsabilidad social y desempeño financiero en multinacionales: influencia de la diversificación internacional. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 20(71). https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/20195
Alonso-Almeida, M.; Rodríguez García, M.; Cortez Alejandro, K.; Abreu Quintero, J., (2012). La responsabilidad social corporativa y el desempeño financiero: un análisis en empresas mexicanas que cotizan en la bolsa. Contaduría y Administración, 57(1): 53-77. http://www.cya.unam.mx/index.php/cya/article/view/195
Alvarado, A.; Bigné, E.; Currás, R., (2011). Perspectivas teóricas usadas para el estudio de la responsabilidad social empresarial: una clasificación con base en su racionalidad. Estudios Gerenciales, 27(118): 115-138. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-estudios-gerenciales-354-resumen-perspectivas-teoricas-usadas-el-estudio-S0123592311701498
Barchiesi, M.; Fronzetti, A., (2021). Corporate core values and social responsibility: what really matters to whom. Technol. Forecasting Social Change, 170, 120907. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162521003395
Becerra, M.; Ruiz, L.; Camargo, D.; Muñoz, M., (2022). A system dynamics model for sustainable corporate strategic planning. Production, 32, e20220011. https://prod.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0103-6513.20220011
Bhardwaj, P.; Chatterjee, P.; Demir, K.; Turut, O., (2018). When and how is corporate social responsibility profitable? Journal of Business Research, 84: 206-219. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296317304733
Blázquez, M.; Peretti, M.F., (2012). Modelo para gestionar la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones a través de la rentabilidad, adaptabilidad e imagen. Estudios Gerenciales, 28(125): 40-50. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0123592312700062
Byus, K.; Deis, D.; Ouyang, B., (2010). Doing Well by Doing Good: corporate social responsibility and profitability. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 75(1): 44-55. https://www.proquest.com/docview/523026678
Cabeza-García, L.; Martínez-Campillo, A.; Marbella-Sánchez, F., (2010). Análisis de la relación entre los resultados sociales y económicos de las cajas de ahorros españolas: un caso de responsabilidad social corporativa. Innovar, 20(37): 22-46. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/innovar/article/view/29270/34822
Dathe, T.; Dathe, R.; Dathe, I.; Helmold, M., (2022). CSR in marketing management. in: corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability and environmental social governance (ESG). Management for Professionals. Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-92357-0_5
Dorobantu, S.; Aguilera, R.; Luo, J.; Milliken, F., (2018). IIntroduction: contemplating the connections between sustainability, stakeholder governance, and corporate social responsibility. Advances in Strategic Management, 38: 1-14. Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0742-332220180000038001/full/html
Einwiller, S., Carroll, C., (2020). Negative disclosures in corporate social responsibility reporting. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(2); 319-337. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/CCIJ-05-2019-0054/full/html
Ekatah, I.; Samy, M.; Bampton, R.; Halabi, A., (2011). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability: the case of Royal Dutch Shell Plc. Corp Reputation Rev, 14: 249–261. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/crr.2011.22
Fehr, R.; Gupta, A.; Guarana, C., (2021). Rewarding morality: how corporate social responsibility shapes top management team compensation votes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 167: 170-188. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597821000820?via%3Dihub
Ferrés, D.; Marce, F., (2021). Corporate social responsibility and corporate misconduct. Journal of Banking & Finance, 127, 106079. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426621000376
Forcadell, F.J.; Lorena, A.; Aracil, E., (2023). The firm under the spotlight: How stakeholder scrutiny shapes corporate social responsibility and its influence on performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(3): 1258–1272. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/csr.2417#
Foss, N.; Klein, P., (2018). Stakeholders and corporate social responsibility: an ownership perspective. sustainability, stakeholder governance, and corporate social responsibility. Advances in Strategic Management, 38: 17-35. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0742-332220180000038005/full/html
Galinato, G.; Hyland, M.; Islam, A., (2022). Does corporate social responsibility benefit society? evidence from Latin America. Emerging Markets Review, 53, 100944. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566014122000619?via%3Dihub
Hadj, T., (2020). Effects of corporate social responsibility towards stakeholders and environmental management on responsible innovation and competitiveness. J. Cleaner Prod. 250, 119490. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619343604?via%3Dihub
Harjoto, M., (2017). Corporate social responsibility and corporate fraud. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(4): 762-779. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SRJ-09-2016-0166/full/html
Holman, W.; New, J.; Singer, D., (1990). The impact of corporate social responsiveness on shareholder wealth. In L. E. Preston (Ed.), Corporation and Society Research: Studies in Theory and Measurement, 265-280. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Hu, H.; Dou, B.; Wang, A., (2019). Corporate social responsibility information disclosure and corporate fraud—“risk reduction” effect or “window dressing” effect? Sustainability, 11, 1141. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/4/1141
Jo, H.; Song, M.; Tsang, A., (2015). Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder governance around the world. Global Finance Journal, 27: 18-45. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044028315000290?via%3Dihub
Johansson, S.; Karlsson, A.; Hagberg, C., (2015). The relationship between CSR and financial performance. A quantitative study examining Swedish publicly traded companies. Bachelor thesis, Linnaeus University (Sweden). https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:839031/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Koh, K.; Li, H.; Tong, Y.H., (2023). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and stakeholder engagement: evidence from the quantity and quality of CSR disclosures. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(2): 504–517. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/csr.2370
Kristoffersen, I.; Gerrans, P.; Clark-Murphy, M., (2008). Corporate social performance and financial performance. Accounting, Accountability & Performance, 14(2): 45-90. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.785075331550368
Li, X.; Kim, J.B.; Wu, H.; Yu, Y., (2021). Corporate social responsibility and financial fraud: the moderating effects of governance and religiosity. Journal of Business Ethics, 170: 557–576. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-019-04378-3
Lopes de Oliveira, M.; Moneva, J.M., (2013). El desempeño económico financiero y responsabilidad social corporativa Petrobras versus Repsol. Contaduría y Administración, 58(1): 131-167. http://www.cya.unam.mx/index.php/cya/article/view/152
Mahoney, L.; Roberts, R., (2007). Corporate social performance, financial performance and institutional ownership in Canadian firms. Accounting Forum, 31(3): 233-253. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1016/j.accfor.2007.05.001
Makni, R.; Francoeur, C.; Bellavance, F., (2009). Causality between corporate social performance and financial performance: evidence from canadian firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 89: 402-422. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-008-0007-7
Maon, F.; Swaen, V.; De Roeck, K., (2021). Coporate branding and corporate social responsibility: toward a multi-stakeholder interpretive perspective. Journal of Business Research, 126: 64-77. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296320308869?via%3Dihub
Marcus, A.; Goodman, R., (1986). Compliance and performance: toward a contingency theory. In L. E. Preston (ed.), Research in corporate social performance and policy, 8: 193–221. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Martínez-Campillo, A.; Cabeza-García, L.; Marbella-Sánchez, F., (2013). Responsabilidad social corporativa y resultado financiero: evidencia sobre la doble dirección de la causalidad en el sector de las Cajas de Ahorros. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 16(1): 54-68. https://www.scienced
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv David Camargo, Liliana Ruiz - 2024
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spelling Camargo, DavidRuiz, Liliana2023-04-14T00:00:00Z2024-09-05T20:24:29Z2023-04-14T00:00:00Z2024-09-05T20:24:29Z2023-04-140122-8900https://hdl.handle.net/11227/1792810.32997/pe-2023-45472463-0470https://doi.org/10.32997/pe-2023-4547Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad empresarial, medida por los indicadores de desempeño financiero: rentabilidad de los activos y rentabilidad del patrimonio, de mil empresas colombianas de seis sectores económicos: agropecuario, comercial, construcción, manufacturero, minero y servicios. Métodos: La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa y los métodos usados para el procesamiento de los datos son los de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios y por errores robustos para corregir problemas de heterocedasticidad, y de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados Factibles. Resultados: El efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad no es significativo para los sectores agropecuario y comercial, lo que confirma la hipótesis de neutralidad. Para la rentabilidad del patrimonio en el sector minero, y para la rentabilidad de los activos en los sectores de manufacturas y servicios, los resultados sí son significativos mostrando un efecto positivo de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, por el contrario, la rentabilidad del patrimonio para los sectores construcción y servicios, siendo significativa evidencia una relación negativa entre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y este indicador. Conclusión: El efecto de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial sobre la rentabilidad depende del sector económico y del indicador de desempeño financiero que se analice.Background and objectives: Determine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on business profitability, measured by financial performance indicators: profitability of assets and profitability of equity, of a thousand Colombian companies from six economic sectors: agriculture, commercial, construction, manufacturing, mining and services. Methods: The methodology used is quantitative and the methods used for data processing are Ordinary Least Squares and robust errors to correct heteroscedasticity problems, and Feasible Generalized Least Squares. Findings: The effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on profitability is not significant for the agricultural and commercial sectors, which confirms the hypothesis of neutrality. For the equity profitability in the mining sector, and for the asset profitability in the manufacturing and services sectors, the results are significant, showing a positive effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); on the contrary, the equity profitability for construction and services sectors, being significant shows evidence of a negative relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and this indicator. Conclusion: The effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on profitability depends on the economic sector and firms’ financial performance.application/pdfspaUniversidad de CartagenaPanorama Económicohttps://revistas.unicartagena.edu.co/index.php/panoramaeconomico/article/download/4547/355711529331Aguilera-Caracuel, J.; Guerrero-Villegas, J.; Morales-Raya, M., (2015). Responsabilidad social y desempeño financiero en multinacionales: influencia de la diversificación internacional. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 20(71). https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/20195Alonso-Almeida, M.; Rodríguez García, M.; Cortez Alejandro, K.; Abreu Quintero, J., (2012). La responsabilidad social corporativa y el desempeño financiero: un análisis en empresas mexicanas que cotizan en la bolsa. Contaduría y Administración, 57(1): 53-77. http://www.cya.unam.mx/index.php/cya/article/view/195Alvarado, A.; Bigné, E.; Currás, R., (2011). Perspectivas teóricas usadas para el estudio de la responsabilidad social empresarial: una clasificación con base en su racionalidad. Estudios Gerenciales, 27(118): 115-138. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-estudios-gerenciales-354-resumen-perspectivas-teoricas-usadas-el-estudio-S0123592311701498Barchiesi, M.; Fronzetti, A., (2021). Corporate core values and social responsibility: what really matters to whom. Technol. Forecasting Social Change, 170, 120907. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162521003395Becerra, M.; Ruiz, L.; Camargo, D.; Muñoz, M., (2022). A system dynamics model for sustainable corporate strategic planning. Production, 32, e20220011. https://prod.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0103-6513.20220011Bhardwaj, P.; Chatterjee, P.; Demir, K.; Turut, O., (2018). When and how is corporate social responsibility profitable? Journal of Business Research, 84: 206-219. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296317304733Blázquez, M.; Peretti, M.F., (2012). Modelo para gestionar la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones a través de la rentabilidad, adaptabilidad e imagen. Estudios Gerenciales, 28(125): 40-50. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0123592312700062Byus, K.; Deis, D.; Ouyang, B., (2010). Doing Well by Doing Good: corporate social responsibility and profitability. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 75(1): 44-55. https://www.proquest.com/docview/523026678Cabeza-García, L.; Martínez-Campillo, A.; Marbella-Sánchez, F., (2010). Análisis de la relación entre los resultados sociales y económicos de las cajas de ahorros españolas: un caso de responsabilidad social corporativa. Innovar, 20(37): 22-46. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/innovar/article/view/29270/34822Dathe, T.; Dathe, R.; Dathe, I.; Helmold, M., (2022). CSR in marketing management. in: corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability and environmental social governance (ESG). Management for Professionals. Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-92357-0_5Dorobantu, S.; Aguilera, R.; Luo, J.; Milliken, F., (2018). IIntroduction: contemplating the connections between sustainability, stakeholder governance, and corporate social responsibility. Advances in Strategic Management, 38: 1-14. Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0742-332220180000038001/full/htmlEinwiller, S., Carroll, C., (2020). Negative disclosures in corporate social responsibility reporting. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(2); 319-337. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/CCIJ-05-2019-0054/full/htmlEkatah, I.; Samy, M.; Bampton, R.; Halabi, A., (2011). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability: the case of Royal Dutch Shell Plc. Corp Reputation Rev, 14: 249–261. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/crr.2011.22Fehr, R.; Gupta, A.; Guarana, C., (2021). Rewarding morality: how corporate social responsibility shapes top management team compensation votes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 167: 170-188. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597821000820?via%3DihubFerrés, D.; Marce, F., (2021). Corporate social responsibility and corporate misconduct. Journal of Banking & Finance, 127, 106079. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426621000376Forcadell, F.J.; Lorena, A.; Aracil, E., (2023). The firm under the spotlight: How stakeholder scrutiny shapes corporate social responsibility and its influence on performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(3): 1258–1272. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/csr.2417#Foss, N.; Klein, P., (2018). Stakeholders and corporate social responsibility: an ownership perspective. sustainability, stakeholder governance, and corporate social responsibility. Advances in Strategic Management, 38: 17-35. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0742-332220180000038005/full/htmlGalinato, G.; Hyland, M.; Islam, A., (2022). Does corporate social responsibility benefit society? evidence from Latin America. Emerging Markets Review, 53, 100944. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566014122000619?via%3DihubHadj, T., (2020). Effects of corporate social responsibility towards stakeholders and environmental management on responsible innovation and competitiveness. J. Cleaner Prod. 250, 119490. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619343604?via%3DihubHarjoto, M., (2017). Corporate social responsibility and corporate fraud. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(4): 762-779. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SRJ-09-2016-0166/full/htmlHolman, W.; New, J.; Singer, D., (1990). The impact of corporate social responsiveness on shareholder wealth. In L. E. Preston (Ed.), Corporation and Society Research: Studies in Theory and Measurement, 265-280. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Hu, H.; Dou, B.; Wang, A., (2019). Corporate social responsibility information disclosure and corporate fraud—“risk reduction” effect or “window dressing” effect? Sustainability, 11, 1141. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/4/1141Jo, H.; Song, M.; Tsang, A., (2015). Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder governance around the world. Global Finance Journal, 27: 18-45. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044028315000290?via%3DihubJohansson, S.; Karlsson, A.; Hagberg, C., (2015). The relationship between CSR and financial performance. A quantitative study examining Swedish publicly traded companies. Bachelor thesis, Linnaeus University (Sweden). https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:839031/FULLTEXT01.pdfKoh, K.; Li, H.; Tong, Y.H., (2023). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and stakeholder engagement: evidence from the quantity and quality of CSR disclosures. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(2): 504–517. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/csr.2370Kristoffersen, I.; Gerrans, P.; Clark-Murphy, M., (2008). Corporate social performance and financial performance. 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Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 16(1): 54-68. https://www.sciencedDavid Camargo, Liliana Ruiz - 2024https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEsta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.https://revistas.unicartagena.edu.co/index.php/panoramaeconomico/article/view/4547Corporate social responsibilityCost effectivenessFirmsOrdinary Least SquaresEmpresasMínimos cuadrados ordinariosRentabilidadResponsabilidad Social EmpresarialEfectos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) sobre la rentabilidad empresarialEffects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on business profitabilityArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2599https://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co/bitstreams/ecc17b03-b6de-4c8e-89d7-bb76ed3ea99a/download2f03606143248434ea3b7431ae5d09deMD5111227/17928oai:repositorio.unicartagena.edu.co:11227/179282024-09-05 15:24:29.534https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0David Camargo, Liliana Ruiz - 2024metadata.onlyhttps://repositorio.unicartagena.edu.coBiblioteca Digital Universidad de Cartagenabdigital@metabiblioteca.com

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