Seis signos de cientismo

Como se usa actualmente la palabra inglesa “scientism”, es una verdad verbal trivial que se debe evitar el cientismo – una actitud inapropiadamente deferente hacia la ciencia. Pero constituye una cuestión sustancial determinar cuando, y por qué, la deferencia hacia las ciencias es inapropiada o exag...

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Autores:
Haack, Susan
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Fecha de publicación:
2010
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Universidad de Caldas
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Repositorio U. de Caldas
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spa
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Palabra clave:
Scientism
honorific use of “science”
demarcation of science
scientific method
science and values
Cientismo
uso honorífico de “ciencia”
demarcación de la ciencia
método científico
ciencia y valores
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openAccess
License
Derechos de autor 2010 Discusiones Filosóficas
id UCALDAS2_3174a7e2a1e35c5660c20402dedcd4ed
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Seis signos de cientismo
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Six signs of scientism
title Seis signos de cientismo
spellingShingle Seis signos de cientismo
Scientism
honorific use of “science”
demarcation of science
scientific method
science and values
Cientismo
uso honorífico de “ciencia”
demarcación de la ciencia
método científico
ciencia y valores
title_short Seis signos de cientismo
title_full Seis signos de cientismo
title_fullStr Seis signos de cientismo
title_full_unstemmed Seis signos de cientismo
title_sort Seis signos de cientismo
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Haack, Susan
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Haack, Susan
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Scientism
honorific use of “science”
demarcation of science
scientific method
science and values
topic Scientism
honorific use of “science”
demarcation of science
scientific method
science and values
Cientismo
uso honorífico de “ciencia”
demarcación de la ciencia
método científico
ciencia y valores
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Cientismo
uso honorífico de “ciencia”
demarcación de la ciencia
método científico
ciencia y valores
description Como se usa actualmente la palabra inglesa “scientism”, es una verdad verbal trivial que se debe evitar el cientismo – una actitud inapropiadamente deferente hacia la ciencia. Pero constituye una cuestión sustancial determinar cuando, y por qué, la deferencia hacia las ciencias es inapropiada o exagerada. Este artículo trata de responder a esta cuestión articulando “seis signos de cientismo”: el uso honorífico de “ciencia,” etc.; el empleo de los símbolos de la ciencia de manera puramente decorativa; la preocupación por la demarcación; la preocupación por el “método científico”; la búsqueda de respuestas en las ciencias para preguntas que están más allá de su alcance; la negación de la legitimidad o valor de la indagación no-científica (e.g. legal o literaria) o de actividades como escribir poesía o producir arte.
publishDate 2010
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2010-06-18 00:00:00
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2010-06-18 00:00:00
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2010-06-18
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
Sección Artículos
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv Journal Article
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dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Discusiones Filosóficas
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv ABRAHAMSON, David. (1960). The Psychology of Crime. New York: Columbia University Press.
BRIDGMAN, Percy. (1955). “The Prospect for Intelligence” (1945). En: Reflections of a Physicist. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 526-552.
________. (1955). “On Scientific Method” (1949). En: Reflections of a Physicist. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 81-82.
BUDERI, Robert. “Science: Beaming in on the Past”. En: Time. 10, Marzo, 1986. [citado 1 octubre 2009] Disponible en internet: <http://www.time.com/time/printout,0,8816,96050,00.html>
De WAAL, Frans. (2009). The Age of Empathy. New York: Harmony.
DEWEY, John. (1960). The Quest for Certainty (1929). New York: Capricorn Books.
DO CHARTERS ‘CREAM’ THE BEST? En: Wall Street Journal. Septiembre 24 de 2009. p. A20.
FENSTAD, E.-J. et al. (2003). “Preámbulo”. En: Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge. UNESCO World Conference on Science 2003. p. 4. [citado 15 septiembre 2009]. Disponible en internet: <http://www.unesco.org/science/wcs/eng/declaration_e.htm>
FEYERABEND, Paul K. (1970). Against Method. London: New Left Books.
FØLLESDAL, Dagfinn. (2002). “Science, Pseudo-Science and Traditional Knowledge”. En: ALLEA (All European Academies). Biennial Handbook. p. 27-37.
GROOM, Dale. (Septiembre de 1956). “Drugs for Cardiac Patients”. En: American Journal of Nursing. 56.9, p. 1125-1127.
GROSS, Paul R.; LEVITT, Norman & LEWIS, Martin. (Eds). (1997). The Flight from Science and Reason (1996). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
HAACK, Susan. (2003). Defending Science – Within Reason: Between Scientism and Cynicism. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
________. (2004). “Science, Economics, ‘Vision’”. En: Social Research. 7.2, p.167-83.
________. (2005). “Trial and Error: The Supreme Court’s Philosophy of Science”. En: American Journal of Public Health. 95, p. 66-73.
________. (2007). “Peer Review and Publication: Lessons for Lawyers”. En: Stetson Law Review. 36, p. 789-819.
________. (2008). Putting Philosophy to Work. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
________. (2009). “The Meaning of Pragmatism: The Ethics of Terminology and the Language of Philosophy”. En: Teorema. XXX, III.3, p. 9-25.
________. (en prensa). “Federal Philosophy of Science: A Deconstruction – and a Reconstruction”. En: NYU Journal of Law and Liberty.
HALLER, Christine & BENOWITZ, Neal A. (2000). “Adverse Cardiovascular and Central Nervous System Events Associated with Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra Alkaloids”. En: New England Journal of Medicine. 343, p. 1833-1838.
HEILBRONER, Robert L. (1999). The Worldly Philosophers. 7a ed. New York: Simon and Schuster. Capítulo XI.
HEINONEN, Olli P.; SLONE, Denis & SHAPIRO, Samuel. (1977). Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA: Sciences Group.
HOBBS, A. H. (1953). Social Problems and Scientism. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Press.
HOTZ, Robert Lee. “Magic Flute: Primal Find Sings of Music’s Mystery”. En: Wall Street Journal. Julio 3-5 de 2009. p. A9.
________. “Tracing the Origins of Human Empathy”. En: Wall Street Journal. Septiembre 26 de 2009. p. A1.
________. “Fossils Shed Light on Human Past”. En: Wall Street Journal. Octubre 2 de 2009. p. A3.
HUTTEN, E. H. (1956). The Language of Modern Physics. London: Allen and Unwin.
HYLAND, William G. Jr. (2009). In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
JEFFERSON-HEMINGS SCHOLARS’ COMMISSION. (Abril 12, 2001). Report on the Jefferson-Hemings Matter.
KEATES, Nancy. “From Barn Raisings to Home Building: Consumers Hire Amish Builders, Citing Craftsmanship, Costs”. En: Wall Street Journal. Agosto 15 de 2008. p. W1.
KROCK, Lexi. Accidental Discoveries. [citado 6 octubre 2009]. Disponible en <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cancer/discoveries.html>
LEFKOWITZ, Mary. (1996). Not Out of Africa. New York: Basic Books.
MADDOX, John. (1998). What Remains to be Discovered: Mapping the Secrets of the Universe, the Origins of Life, and the Future of the Human Race. New York: Simon and Schuster.
MARGLIN, Fredérique Apffel. (1990). “Smallpox in Two Systems of Knowledge”. En: MARGLIN, F. A. & MARGLIN, Stephen (Eds.). Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
MEDAWAR, Peter. (1969). “Science and Literature”. En: Encounter. XXXI . 1, p. 15-23.
MERTON, Robert. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure (1957). Glencoe, IL: Free Press (edición aumentada).
MERZ, John T. (1896). History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century. Vol. I. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons.
MILLER, David (Ed). (1983). A Pocket Popper. London: Fontana. p. 239-246.
MILTON, Katherine. (Marzo de 1992). “Civilization and Its Discontents: Amazonian Indians”. En: Natural History. 101.3, p. 36-42.
NANDA, Meera. (1998). “The Epistemic Charity of Social Constructivist Critics of Science and Why the Third World Should Reject the Offer”. En: KEORTGE, Noretta (Ed.). A House Built on Sand: Exposing Post-Modern Myths about Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
NORMAN, Jeremy N. (1985). “William Withering and the Purple Foxglove: A Bicentennial Tribute”. En: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 25, p. 479-83.
OLBY, Robert. (1974). The Path to the Double Helix. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. Oxford English Dictionary [en línea]. Disponible en internet: <http://dictionary.oed.com>
PEIRCE, Charles Sanders. (1931-58). Collected Papers. HARTSHORNE, Ch.; WEISS, P. (vol. 7-8) y BURKS, A. (Eds). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
PERSAD, Govind; WERTHEIMER, Alan & EMANUEL, Ezekiel J. (Junio 2009). “Principles for Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources”. En: The Lancet. 373, p. 423-431.
POPPER, Karl R. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934). London: Routledge.
________. (1978). “Natural Selection and Its Scientific Status” a lecture of 1977. En: Dialéctica, 32.
________. (1979). Unended Quest. La Salle, IL: Open Court.
POLANYI, Michael. (1946). Science, Faith and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
PORTUGAL, Franklin H. & COHEN, Jack S. (1977). A Century of DNA: A History of the Discovery of the Structure and Function of the Genetic Substance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
RAVETZ, Jerome. (1971). Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
REYNOLDS, James E. F. (Ed). (1993). Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 30a ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
RICHARDSON, Jeff. (s.f.) “Age Weighting and Discounting: What Are the Ethical Issues?” En: Working Paper 108, Health Economics Unit, Monash University (Australia).
SCHILPP, Paul A. (Ed). (1974). The Philosophy of Karl Popper. La Salle, IL: Open Court. p. 3-181.
SHERMER, Michael. (Septiembre de 2002). “The Shamans of Scientism”. En: Scientific American, 287.3.
SNOW, C. P. (1964). “The Two Cultures” (1959). En: The Two Cultures and a Second Look. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
STEWART, Matthew. (Junio 20 de 2007). “The Management Myth”. En: Atlantic Monthly. 297.5, p. 80-87.
TROPICAL PLANT DATABASE FILE FOR QUININE. [citado 6 octubre 2009] Disponible en internet: <http://www.rain-tree.com/quinine.htm>
TRUSEDELL, C. (1968). Essays in the History of Mechanics. New York: Springer.
TSUCHIYA, Aki; DOLAN, Paul & SHAW, Rebecca. (2007). “Measuring People’s Preferences Regarding Ageism in Health: Some Methodological Issues and Some Fresh Evidence”. En: Social Science and Medicine. 57, p. 688-696.
Von HAYEK, F. A. (Agosto de 1942). “Scientism and the Study of Society”. En: Económica. p. 267-91.
________. (1952). The Counter-Revolution of Science. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
WEINBERG, Steven. (1993). Dreams of a Final Theory. New York: Vintage Books.
WHITE, Gregory L. “GM Takes Advice from Disease Sleuths to Debug Cars”. En: Wall Street Journal. Abril 8 de 1999. p. B1, B4.
WILSON, E. O. (1999). Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. New York: Vintage Books.
WISH YOU WERE HERE. (1998). En: Oxford Today. 10.3, p. 40.
WRAY, Susan; EISNER, D. A. & ALLEN, D. G. (1985). “Two Hundred Years of the Foxglove”. En: Medical History. Supplement 5, p. 132-50.
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spelling Haack, Susan4f318c36647bea079892dd78d6b4ab3e5002010-06-18 00:00:002010-06-18 00:00:002010-06-180124-6127https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/discusionesfilosoficas/article/view/5442462-9596Como se usa actualmente la palabra inglesa “scientism”, es una verdad verbal trivial que se debe evitar el cientismo – una actitud inapropiadamente deferente hacia la ciencia. Pero constituye una cuestión sustancial determinar cuando, y por qué, la deferencia hacia las ciencias es inapropiada o exagerada. Este artículo trata de responder a esta cuestión articulando “seis signos de cientismo”: el uso honorífico de “ciencia,” etc.; el empleo de los símbolos de la ciencia de manera puramente decorativa; la preocupación por la demarcación; la preocupación por el “método científico”; la búsqueda de respuestas en las ciencias para preguntas que están más allá de su alcance; la negación de la legitimidad o valor de la indagación no-científica (e.g. legal o literaria) o de actividades como escribir poesía o producir arte.As the English word “scientism” is currently used, it is a trivial verbal truth that scientism-an inappropriately deferential attitude to science-should be avoided. But it is a substantial question when, and why, deference to the sciences is inappropriate or exaggerated. This paper tries to answer that question by articulating “six signs of scientism”: the honorific use of “science,” etc.; using scientific trappings purely decoratively; preoccupation with demarcation; preoccupation with “scientific method”; looking to the sciences for answers beyond their scope; denying the legitimacy or worth of non-scientific (e.g., legal or literary) inquiry, or of writing poetry or making art.application/pdfspaUniversidad de CaldasDerechos de autor 2010 Discusiones Filosóficashttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/discusionesfilosoficas/article/view/544Scientismhonorific use of “science”demarcation of sciencescientific methodscience and valuesCientismouso honorífico de “ciencia”demarcación de la cienciamétodo científicociencia y valoresSeis signos de cientismoSix signs of scientismArtículo de revistaSección ArtículosJournal Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a8540161311Discusiones FilosóficasABRAHAMSON, David. (1960). The Psychology of Crime. New York: Columbia University Press.BRIDGMAN, Percy. (1955). “The Prospect for Intelligence” (1945). En: Reflections of a Physicist. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 526-552.________. (1955). “On Scientific Method” (1949). En: Reflections of a Physicist. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 81-82.BUDERI, Robert. “Science: Beaming in on the Past”. En: Time. 10, Marzo, 1986. [citado 1 octubre 2009] Disponible en internet: <http://www.time.com/time/printout,0,8816,96050,00.html>De WAAL, Frans. (2009). The Age of Empathy. New York: Harmony.DEWEY, John. (1960). The Quest for Certainty (1929). New York: Capricorn Books.DO CHARTERS ‘CREAM’ THE BEST? En: Wall Street Journal. Septiembre 24 de 2009. p. A20.FENSTAD, E.-J. et al. (2003). “Preámbulo”. En: Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge. UNESCO World Conference on Science 2003. p. 4. [citado 15 septiembre 2009]. Disponible en internet: <http://www.unesco.org/science/wcs/eng/declaration_e.htm>FEYERABEND, Paul K. (1970). Against Method. London: New Left Books.FØLLESDAL, Dagfinn. (2002). “Science, Pseudo-Science and Traditional Knowledge”. En: ALLEA (All European Academies). Biennial Handbook. p. 27-37.GROOM, Dale. (Septiembre de 1956). “Drugs for Cardiac Patients”. En: American Journal of Nursing. 56.9, p. 1125-1127.GROSS, Paul R.; LEVITT, Norman & LEWIS, Martin. (Eds). (1997). The Flight from Science and Reason (1996). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.HAACK, Susan. (2003). Defending Science – Within Reason: Between Scientism and Cynicism. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.________. (2004). “Science, Economics, ‘Vision’”. En: Social Research. 7.2, p.167-83.________. (2005). “Trial and Error: The Supreme Court’s Philosophy of Science”. En: American Journal of Public Health. 95, p. 66-73.________. (2007). “Peer Review and Publication: Lessons for Lawyers”. En: Stetson Law Review. 36, p. 789-819.________. (2008). Putting Philosophy to Work. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.________. (2009). “The Meaning of Pragmatism: The Ethics of Terminology and the Language of Philosophy”. En: Teorema. XXX, III.3, p. 9-25.________. (en prensa). “Federal Philosophy of Science: A Deconstruction – and a Reconstruction”. En: NYU Journal of Law and Liberty.HALLER, Christine & BENOWITZ, Neal A. (2000). “Adverse Cardiovascular and Central Nervous System Events Associated with Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra Alkaloids”. En: New England Journal of Medicine. 343, p. 1833-1838.HEILBRONER, Robert L. (1999). The Worldly Philosophers. 7a ed. New York: Simon and Schuster. Capítulo XI.HEINONEN, Olli P.; SLONE, Denis & SHAPIRO, Samuel. (1977). Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA: Sciences Group.HOBBS, A. H. (1953). Social Problems and Scientism. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Press.HOTZ, Robert Lee. “Magic Flute: Primal Find Sings of Music’s Mystery”. En: Wall Street Journal. Julio 3-5 de 2009. p. A9.________. “Tracing the Origins of Human Empathy”. En: Wall Street Journal. Septiembre 26 de 2009. p. A1.________. “Fossils Shed Light on Human Past”. En: Wall Street Journal. Octubre 2 de 2009. p. A3.HUTTEN, E. H. (1956). The Language of Modern Physics. London: Allen and Unwin.HYLAND, William G. Jr. (2009). In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal. New York: St. Martin’s Press.JEFFERSON-HEMINGS SCHOLARS’ COMMISSION. (Abril 12, 2001). Report on the Jefferson-Hemings Matter.KEATES, Nancy. “From Barn Raisings to Home Building: Consumers Hire Amish Builders, Citing Craftsmanship, Costs”. En: Wall Street Journal. Agosto 15 de 2008. p. W1.KROCK, Lexi. Accidental Discoveries. [citado 6 octubre 2009]. Disponible en <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cancer/discoveries.html>LEFKOWITZ, Mary. (1996). Not Out of Africa. New York: Basic Books.MADDOX, John. (1998). What Remains to be Discovered: Mapping the Secrets of the Universe, the Origins of Life, and the Future of the Human Race. New York: Simon and Schuster.MARGLIN, Fredérique Apffel. (1990). “Smallpox in Two Systems of Knowledge”. En: MARGLIN, F. A. & MARGLIN, Stephen (Eds.). Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.MEDAWAR, Peter. (1969). “Science and Literature”. En: Encounter. XXXI . 1, p. 15-23.MERTON, Robert. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure (1957). Glencoe, IL: Free Press (edición aumentada).MERZ, John T. (1896). History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century. Vol. I. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons.MILLER, David (Ed). (1983). A Pocket Popper. London: Fontana. p. 239-246.MILTON, Katherine. (Marzo de 1992). “Civilization and Its Discontents: Amazonian Indians”. En: Natural History. 101.3, p. 36-42.NANDA, Meera. (1998). “The Epistemic Charity of Social Constructivist Critics of Science and Why the Third World Should Reject the Offer”. En: KEORTGE, Noretta (Ed.). A House Built on Sand: Exposing Post-Modern Myths about Science. New York: Oxford University Press.NORMAN, Jeremy N. (1985). “William Withering and the Purple Foxglove: A Bicentennial Tribute”. En: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 25, p. 479-83.OLBY, Robert. (1974). The Path to the Double Helix. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. Oxford English Dictionary [en línea]. Disponible en internet: <http://dictionary.oed.com>PEIRCE, Charles Sanders. (1931-58). Collected Papers. HARTSHORNE, Ch.; WEISS, P. (vol. 7-8) y BURKS, A. (Eds). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.PERSAD, Govind; WERTHEIMER, Alan & EMANUEL, Ezekiel J. (Junio 2009). “Principles for Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources”. En: The Lancet. 373, p. 423-431.POPPER, Karl R. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934). London: Routledge.________. (1978). “Natural Selection and Its Scientific Status” a lecture of 1977. En: Dialéctica, 32.________. (1979). Unended Quest. La Salle, IL: Open Court.POLANYI, Michael. (1946). Science, Faith and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.PORTUGAL, Franklin H. & COHEN, Jack S. (1977). A Century of DNA: A History of the Discovery of the Structure and Function of the Genetic Substance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.RAVETZ, Jerome. (1971). Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems. Oxford: Clarendon Press.REYNOLDS, James E. F. (Ed). (1993). Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 30a ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press.RICHARDSON, Jeff. (s.f.) “Age Weighting and Discounting: What Are the Ethical Issues?” En: Working Paper 108, Health Economics Unit, Monash University (Australia).SCHILPP, Paul A. (Ed). (1974). The Philosophy of Karl Popper. La Salle, IL: Open Court. p. 3-181.SHERMER, Michael. (Septiembre de 2002). “The Shamans of Scientism”. En: Scientific American, 287.3.SNOW, C. P. (1964). “The Two Cultures” (1959). En: The Two Cultures and a Second Look. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.STEWART, Matthew. (Junio 20 de 2007). “The Management Myth”. En: Atlantic Monthly. 297.5, p. 80-87.TROPICAL PLANT DATABASE FILE FOR QUININE. [citado 6 octubre 2009] Disponible en internet: <http://www.rain-tree.com/quinine.htm>TRUSEDELL, C. (1968). Essays in the History of Mechanics. New York: Springer.TSUCHIYA, Aki; DOLAN, Paul & SHAW, Rebecca. (2007). “Measuring People’s Preferences Regarding Ageism in Health: Some Methodological Issues and Some Fresh Evidence”. En: Social Science and Medicine. 57, p. 688-696.Von HAYEK, F. A. (Agosto de 1942). “Scientism and the Study of Society”. En: Económica. p. 267-91.________. (1952). The Counter-Revolution of Science. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.WEINBERG, Steven. (1993). Dreams of a Final Theory. New York: Vintage Books.WHITE, Gregory L. “GM Takes Advice from Disease Sleuths to Debug Cars”. 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