Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia

Glycerol is a product of fat processing for the chemical industry and for the production of biodiesel. The objective of this project was to review the existing concepts in the literature related to the effect of glycerol on both metabolism and milk production, milk composition, body weight, body con...

Full description

Autores:
Visbal Pinilla, Jhon Edinsson
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Antonio Nariño
Repositorio:
Repositorio UAN
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.uan.edu.co:123456789/2700
Acceso en línea:
http://repositorio.uan.edu.co/handle/123456789/2700
Palabra clave:
Glicerol
Efectos
Metabolismo
Parámetros sangineos
Vacas
Lactancia
Suplementación
Glycerol
Effects
Metabolism
Blood parameters
Cows
Lactation
Supplementation
Rights
restrictedAccess
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id UAntonioN2_109d80c5c45e09feb3f4262f2933e033
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.uan.edu.co:123456789/2700
network_acronym_str UAntonioN2
network_name_str Repositorio UAN
repository_id_str
dc.title.es_ES.fl_str_mv Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
title Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
spellingShingle Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
Glicerol
Efectos
Metabolismo
Parámetros sangineos
Vacas
Lactancia
Suplementación
Glycerol
Effects
Metabolism
Blood parameters
Cows
Lactation
Supplementation
title_short Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
title_full Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
title_fullStr Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
title_full_unstemmed Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
title_sort Monografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Visbal Pinilla, Jhon Edinsson
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Visbal Pinilla, Jhon Edinsson
dc.subject.es_ES.fl_str_mv Glicerol
Efectos
Metabolismo
Parámetros sangineos
Vacas
Lactancia
Suplementación
topic Glicerol
Efectos
Metabolismo
Parámetros sangineos
Vacas
Lactancia
Suplementación
Glycerol
Effects
Metabolism
Blood parameters
Cows
Lactation
Supplementation
dc.subject.keyword.es_ES.fl_str_mv Glycerol
Effects
Metabolism
Blood parameters
Cows
Lactation
Supplementation
description Glycerol is a product of fat processing for the chemical industry and for the production of biodiesel. The objective of this project was to review the existing concepts in the literature related to the effect of glycerol on both metabolism and milk production, milk composition, body weight, body condition score and some blood parameters. in lactating dairy cows.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-07-10
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-03-05T17:36:38Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-03-05T17:36:38Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado (Pregrado y/o Especialización)
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.uan.edu.co/handle/123456789/2700
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Abo, E. (2011). The effect of replacing corn with glycerol on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters. Obtenido de Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95(3), 313-319.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01056.x
Allen, M. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 83(7), 1598-1624.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030200750302
Almeida, M. (2018). Rumen and liver measurements of lambs fed with high inclusions of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing period of feedlot. Small Ruminant Research, 1 (16), 1-5.
Andersen, H. (2011). Vacas secas y en Transición. Obtenido de Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 12(2): http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1609-91172001000200008
Andrade, C. (2011). Estudo da utilização do glicerol oriundo da cadeia do biodiesel por Bacillus subtilis para a produção de biossurfactantes, enzimas e aromas. Obtenido de Universidad de Campinas: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/bitstream/REPOSIP/256666/1/Andrade_CristianoJosede_M.pdf
Ariko, T., Kass, M., Henno, M., Fievez , V., Kärt, O., & Ots, M. (2015). The effect of replacing barley with glycerol in the diet of dairy cows on rumen parameters and milk fatty acid profile. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 209, 69-78: http://www.academia.edu/download/42760263/Long-term_oral_drenching_of_crude_glycer20160217-2298-19o31tz.pdf
Avila, J., Chavez, A., Hernandez, M., Calva, M., McGlin, S., Bauchemin, K., & McAllister, T. (2011). Effects of replacing barley grain in feedlot diets with increasing levels of glycerol on in vitro fermentation and methane production. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 166, 265-268.: https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2457498/CRIStin-post_897421_Avila%2Bet%2Bal.%2B%2BAnimal%2BFeed%2BScience%2Band%2Btechnology.pdf?sequence=2
Ayoub, M. (2012). Critical review on the current scenario and significance of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel industry towards more sustainable renewable energy industry. Obtenido de Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2671-2686: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2671-2686
Baier, S., Decker, E., & McClements, J. (2004). Impact of glycerol on thermostability and heat-induced gelation of bovine serum albumin. Obtenido de Food Hydrocolloids, 18(1), 91-100: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268005X03000468
Bajramaj, D. (2017). Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain. Obtenido de J Dairy Sci 2017;100(8): 39e50.
Barrington, G. (2002). Biosecurity for neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. . Obtenido de Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2002;18:7e34.
Bodarski, R. (2005). The changes of metabolic status and lactation performance in dairy cows under feeding TMR with glycerin [glycerol] supplement at periparturient period. Obtenido de https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-554fe261-720e-48f4-88b9-1adfd7ef1447
Brandner, A. (2009). Production of biomass-derived chemicals and energy: chemocatalytic conversions of glycerol. Obtenido de opics in Catalysis, 52(3), 278-287.: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11244-008-9164-2
Carvalho, M. (2003). Effect of frequent breast-feeding on early milk production and infant weight gain. Obtenido de Pediatrics, 72(3), 307-311.: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/72/3/307.short
Castello, E. (2018). Effects of partial or total replacement of corn cracked grain with high concentrations of crude glycerin on rumen metabolism of crossbred sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 1 (15), 45-51.
Chanjula, p. (2018). Chanjula, P. (2018). Use of crude glycerin as an energy source for goat diets. Obtenido de A review. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences, 2, 1-5.: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/711b/73c52123288cfc7e929e02ebc011385f8cab.pdf
De Frain, J., Hippen, A., Kalscheur, K., & Jardon, P. (2004). Feeding glycerol to transition dairy cows: effects on blood metabolites and lactation performance. J Dairy Sci, 87 (12) , 4195-4206.
Delgado, Á. (2018). Efecto de la sustitución de maíz por glicerol crudo sobre el consumo de materia seca, en vacas Holando en pastoreo. Obtenido de Pastos y Forrajes, 41(2), 131-137.: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03942018000200007
Donkin, S. (2009). Feeding value of glycerol as a replacement for corn grain in rations fed to lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 92 (10), 5111-5119.
Ezequiel, J. (2015). Effects of high concentrations of dietary crude glycerin on dairy cow productivity and milk quality. J Dairy Sci, 98 (11), 8009-8017.
FAO. (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2016–2025. . Paris: ONU.
Ferretti, C. (2010). Valoración catalítica de glicerol: síntesis de monoglicéridos. Obtenido de Universidad Nacional del Litoral: https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/11185/236/Tesis.pdf
Fischer, L., Erfle, J., Lodge, G., & Sauer, F. (1993). Effects of propylene glycol or glycerol supplementation of the diet of dairy cows on feed intake, milk yield and composition, and incidence of ketosis. Obtenido de Can J Anim Sci ;53:289e96.
Gaillard, C., Sorensen, M., Vestergaard, M., Weisbjerg, M., Larsen, M., Martinussen, H., & Sehested, J. (2018). Effect of substituting barley with glycerol as energy feed on feed intake, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows in mid or late lactation. Obtenido de Livestock Science, 209, 25-31.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141318300131
Goff, J., & Horst, L. (2001). Oral glycerol as an aid in the treatment of ketosis/fatty liver complex. Obtenido de J. Dairy Sci, 84.: https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=124812
Golami, M. (2014). Effect of Air Pollution on Some Cytogenetic Characteristics, Structure, Viability and Proteins of Zinnia elegans Pollen Grains. Obtenido de Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 118-122.: https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjbs.2004.118.122
Grand View Research. (2020). Glycerol Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Source (Biodiesel, Fatty Acids, Fatty Alcohols, Soap), By Type (Crude, Refined) By End Use (Food & Beverage, Pharmaceutical), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027. Obtenido de https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/glycerol-market
Hayirli, A. (2002). Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 85(12), 3430-3443.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030202744317
Hernádez, R. (2014). Metodología de la Investigación. Obtenido de http://observatorio.epacartagena.gov.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/metodologia-de-la-investigacion-sexta-edicion.compressed.pdf
Ingvartsen, K., & Andersen, J. (2000). Integration of metabolism and intake regulation: a review focusing on periparturient animals. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 83(7), 1573-1597.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030200750296
Kass, M. (2013). Long-term oral drenching of crude glycerol to primiparous dairy cows in early lactation. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 184(1-4), 58-66.: http://www.academia.edu/download/42760263/Long-term_oral_drenching_of_crude_glycer20160217-2298-19o31tz.pdf
Khalili, F. (2009). The effect of different concentrations of glycerol and DMSO on viability of Markhoz goat spermatozoa during different freezing temperatures steps. Obtenido de Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(3), 239: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Behrooz_Khalili_Phd_Animal_Nutrition/publication/26649821_The_Effect_of_Different_Concentrations_of_Glycerol_and_DMSO_on_Viability_of_Markhoz_Goat_Spermatozoa_During_Different_Freezing_Temperatures_Steps/links/58b1d439
Khattab, M. (2015). Glycerol as Feedstuff for Ruminant. Obtenido de Science International. 3. 90-94. 10.17311.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281616434_Glycerol_as_Feedstuff_for_Ruminant/citation/download
Kholif, A. (2019). Glycerol use in dairy diets: A systemic review. Animal Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue 3,, 206-219.
Kozlozki, G. (2016). Nutritional impact of crude glycerine infusion into the rumen of wethers fed a tropical or a temperate forage grass. Obtenido de The Journal of Agricultural Science, 154(7), 1306-1316.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lisandre_De_Oliveira/publication/305215793_Nutritional_impact_of_crude_glycerine_infusion_into_the_rumen_of_wethers_fed_a_tropical_or_a_temperate_forage_grass/links/5818c52f08ae50812f5dcfa1/Nutritional-impact-of-crude-
Kristensen, N., & Raun, B. (2007). Ruminal fermentation, portal absorption and hepatic metabolism of glycerol infused into the rumen of lactating dairy cows. Obtenido de PUBLICATION-EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION, 124, 355.
Lammers, P. (2012). Digestible and metabolizable energy of crude glycerol for growing pigs. Obtenido de Journal of Animal Science, 86(3), 602-608.: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/15690/PDF
Lee, I., Kang, H., Piao, M., Kim, I., Gu, M., & Yun, C. (2017). Effects of ambient temperature and dietary glycerol addition on growth performance, blood parameters and immune cell populations of Korean cattle steers. Obtenido de Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 30(4), 505.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394836/
Lomander, H. (2012). Effect of supplemental feeding with glycerol or propylene glycol in early lactation on the fertility of Swedish dairy cows. Obtenido de Reproduction in domestic animals, 47(6), 988-994.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021200207X
Mackle, T. (2004). Effects of insulin and postruminal supply of protein on use of amino acids by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis. . Obtenido de J Dairy Sci 2004;83(1):93e105.
Mallard, N. (2008). Differential gene expression of high and low immune responder Canadian Holstein dairy cows. Obtenido de In Animal Genomics for Animal Health (Vol. 132, pp. 315-320): https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/317277
Maxin, G., Glasser, F., Hurtaud, C., Peyraud, J., & Rulquin, H. (2011). Combined effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, propionate, and acetate on milk fat yield and composition in dairy cows. Obtenido de J. Dairy Sci. 94 :2051–2059: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/279785/1-s2.0-S0022030211X00048/1-s2.0-S0022030211001755/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN7%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIDmu4YOKWFP27Hvb5PI6uBC9DjJI1sDPGyFKWIx9LkHDAiA%2BJPy4j0%2Bn
Murray, R. (2010). Harper, Bioquímica ilustrada. México: Mc Graw - Hill.
Ogborn, K. (2006). Effects of method of delivery of glycerol on performance and metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period. Obtenido de https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/3381/OgbornThesisFinaldraft.pdf;sequence=1
Omazic, A. (2013). Glycerol supplementation in dairy cows and calves. Obtenido de Vol. 2013, No. 83): https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/10898/1/werneromazic_a_131115.pdf
Ortega, A., Hernández, J., & Gutiérrez, C. (2010). La administración oral de glicerol después de la inseminación incrementa el porcentaje de concepción en vacas Holstein. Obtenido de Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias, vol.1 no.1: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-11242010000100006
Osman, M., Allen, P., Mehyar, A., Bobe, G., Coetzee, J., Koehler , K., & Beitz, D. (2008). Acute metabolic responses of postpartal dairy cows to subcutaneous glucagon injections, oral glycerol, or both. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 91(9), 3311-3322.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030208710464
Paiva, P., Del Valle, T., Jesus, F., Bettero, V., Almenida, G., Bueno, I., & Renno, F. (2016). Effects of crude glycerin on milk composition, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 212, 136-142.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840115301061
Piantoni, P., & Allen, M. (2015). Evaluation of propylene glycol and glycerol infusions as treatments for ketosis in dairy cows. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 98(8), 5429-5439.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215004154
Pittaluga, A. (2012). Efecto de niveles incrementales de glicerol crudo en la dieta sobre parámetros productivos en vacas Holando. Obtenido de https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12008/1713/1/3823pit.pdf
Porcu, C. (2018). Effects of short-term administration of a glucogenic mixture at mating on feed intake, metabolism, milk yield and reproductive performance of lactating dairy ewes. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 243, 10-21.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sara_Succu/publication/326085246_Effects_of_short-term_administration_of_a_glucogenic_mixture_at_mating_on_feed_intake_metabolism_milk_yield_and_reproductive_performance_of_lactating_dairy_ewes/links/5b3f2866a6fdcc8506
Quispe, C. (2012). Comparación de costos de producción conjunta de electricidad y calor usandogas natural y glicerol. Obtenido de Revista de investigación de física, 15(01).: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd52/7de893d3a13065189b34fb1da70eee14c420.pdf
Rémond, B. (2013). In vitro and in vivo fermentation of glycerol by rumen microbes. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 41(2), 121-132.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0377840193901184
Rojek, V., Fonty, G., Andre, C., Nielsen, S., Fenton, R., & Gouet, P. (2008). A current view of the mammalian aqua glyceroporins. . Obtenido de Annu Rev Physiol 2008;70:301e27.
Saleem, A. (2018). Effect of glycerol supplementation during early lactation on milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes. Obtenido de R. animal, 12(4), 757-763.: http://mc.minia.edu.eg/research/admin/Publications/28108152403951_div_class__title__Effect_of_glycerol_supplementation_during_early_lactation_on_milk_yield__milk_composition__nutrient_digestibility_and_blo.pdf
Saleem, A., Zanoumy, A., & Singer, A. (2018). Effect of glycerol supplementation during early lactation on milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes. Animal, 12 (4), 757-763.
Schröder, A. (2010). Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production in diets for ruminants. Obtenido de New Horizons for an Old Crop Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia: The Regional Institute Ltd.
Shin, J. (2012). Effects of feeding crude glycerin on performance and ruminal kinetics of lactating Holstein cows fed corn silage- or cottonseed hull-based, low-fiber diets. J Dairy Sci, 95 (7), 4006-4016.
Shwe, W. (2015). Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Pathways for Utilizing Glycerol Derived From Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel. Obtenido de ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ES/proceedings-abstract/ES2015/56840/V001T02A005/228259
Simoes, M. (2011). PdAu/C catalysts prepared by plasma sputtering for the electro-oxidation of glycerol. Obtenido de Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 107(3-4), 372-379.: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/84/79/PDF/Mougenot_et_al_PdAu-glycerolrev1-2ApplCatB.pdf
Souza, A. (2014). Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages. Obtenido de Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 38(5), 497-505.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1413-70542014000500009&script=sci_arttext
Stierwalt, M. (2016). Effects of supplement type and forage type on ruminal metabolism and diet digestibility of cattle . Obtenido de https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/95278/STIERWALT-THESIS-2016.pdf?sequence=1
Sudekum, K. (2008). Quality characteristics of pelleted compound feeds under varying storage conditions as influenced by purity and concentration of glycerol from biodiesel production. Obtenido de Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 17(1), 120.: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3047/0e5fc5154751077209201553bd7c800fe665.pdf
Sutton, J. (1989). Altering milk composition by feeding. Obtenido de J Dairy Sci, 72 (10), pp. 2801-2814: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/279785/1-s2.0-S0022030289X72617/1-s2.0-S0022030289794261/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIDTQI6f51nX%2Bom4jsLcSMK0sGTGq2KJzA378JtI9vpnyAiEA35TrOv1e4U
Thompson, J., & He, B. (2006). Characterization of crude glycerol from biodiesel production from multiple feedstocks. Obtenido de Applied engineering in agriculture, 22(2), 261-265.: http://biodieselfeeds.cfans.umn.edu/sites/biodieselfeeds.cfans.umn.edu/files/2006-thompson-characterization_of_crude_glycerol_from_biodiesel_production.pdf
Thot, D. (2017). Effect of supplementary glycerin on milk composition and heat stability in dairy goats. . Obtenido de Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017;30(12):1711e7.
Trabue, S. (2007). Ruminal fermentation of propylene glycol and glycerol. Obtenido de Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(17), 7043-7051.: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=cbe_pubs
Van Cleef, E. (2014). Crude glycerin in diets for feedlot Nellore cattle. Obtenido de Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(2), 86-91.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-35982014000200006&script=sci_arttext
Wafaa, M., & Mervat, S. (2011). EFFECT OF CRUDE GLYCEROL AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN WITH OR WITHOUT FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BALADI GOATS. Obtenido de Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds, 18(3), 315-325.: https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/nbec/12/1/article-p39.xml
Wang, C., Liu, Q., Yang, W., Huo, W., Dong, K., Huang, Y., & He, D. (2009). Effects of glycerol on lactation performance, energy balance and metabolites in early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 151(1-2), 12-20.: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?page=90388&search_field=all_fields&utf8=%E2%9C%93
Werner, O., & Kronquist, C. (2015). The fate of glycerol entering the rumen of dairy cows and sheep. Obtenido de Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 99(2), 258-264.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jpn.12245
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Antonio Nariño
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional UAN
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/
url http://repositorio.uan.edu.co/handle/123456789/2700
identifier_str_mv Abo, E. (2011). The effect of replacing corn with glycerol on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters. Obtenido de Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95(3), 313-319.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01056.x
Allen, M. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 83(7), 1598-1624.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030200750302
Almeida, M. (2018). Rumen and liver measurements of lambs fed with high inclusions of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing period of feedlot. Small Ruminant Research, 1 (16), 1-5.
Andersen, H. (2011). Vacas secas y en Transición. Obtenido de Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 12(2): http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1609-91172001000200008
Andrade, C. (2011). Estudo da utilização do glicerol oriundo da cadeia do biodiesel por Bacillus subtilis para a produção de biossurfactantes, enzimas e aromas. Obtenido de Universidad de Campinas: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/bitstream/REPOSIP/256666/1/Andrade_CristianoJosede_M.pdf
Ariko, T., Kass, M., Henno, M., Fievez , V., Kärt, O., & Ots, M. (2015). The effect of replacing barley with glycerol in the diet of dairy cows on rumen parameters and milk fatty acid profile. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 209, 69-78: http://www.academia.edu/download/42760263/Long-term_oral_drenching_of_crude_glycer20160217-2298-19o31tz.pdf
Avila, J., Chavez, A., Hernandez, M., Calva, M., McGlin, S., Bauchemin, K., & McAllister, T. (2011). Effects of replacing barley grain in feedlot diets with increasing levels of glycerol on in vitro fermentation and methane production. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 166, 265-268.: https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2457498/CRIStin-post_897421_Avila%2Bet%2Bal.%2B%2BAnimal%2BFeed%2BScience%2Band%2Btechnology.pdf?sequence=2
Ayoub, M. (2012). Critical review on the current scenario and significance of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel industry towards more sustainable renewable energy industry. Obtenido de Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2671-2686: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2671-2686
Baier, S., Decker, E., & McClements, J. (2004). Impact of glycerol on thermostability and heat-induced gelation of bovine serum albumin. Obtenido de Food Hydrocolloids, 18(1), 91-100: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268005X03000468
Bajramaj, D. (2017). Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain. Obtenido de J Dairy Sci 2017;100(8): 39e50.
Barrington, G. (2002). Biosecurity for neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. . Obtenido de Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2002;18:7e34.
Bodarski, R. (2005). The changes of metabolic status and lactation performance in dairy cows under feeding TMR with glycerin [glycerol] supplement at periparturient period. Obtenido de https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-554fe261-720e-48f4-88b9-1adfd7ef1447
Brandner, A. (2009). Production of biomass-derived chemicals and energy: chemocatalytic conversions of glycerol. Obtenido de opics in Catalysis, 52(3), 278-287.: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11244-008-9164-2
Carvalho, M. (2003). Effect of frequent breast-feeding on early milk production and infant weight gain. Obtenido de Pediatrics, 72(3), 307-311.: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/72/3/307.short
Castello, E. (2018). Effects of partial or total replacement of corn cracked grain with high concentrations of crude glycerin on rumen metabolism of crossbred sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 1 (15), 45-51.
Chanjula, p. (2018). Chanjula, P. (2018). Use of crude glycerin as an energy source for goat diets. Obtenido de A review. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences, 2, 1-5.: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/711b/73c52123288cfc7e929e02ebc011385f8cab.pdf
De Frain, J., Hippen, A., Kalscheur, K., & Jardon, P. (2004). Feeding glycerol to transition dairy cows: effects on blood metabolites and lactation performance. J Dairy Sci, 87 (12) , 4195-4206.
Delgado, Á. (2018). Efecto de la sustitución de maíz por glicerol crudo sobre el consumo de materia seca, en vacas Holando en pastoreo. Obtenido de Pastos y Forrajes, 41(2), 131-137.: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03942018000200007
Donkin, S. (2009). Feeding value of glycerol as a replacement for corn grain in rations fed to lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 92 (10), 5111-5119.
Ezequiel, J. (2015). Effects of high concentrations of dietary crude glycerin on dairy cow productivity and milk quality. J Dairy Sci, 98 (11), 8009-8017.
FAO. (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2016–2025. . Paris: ONU.
Ferretti, C. (2010). Valoración catalítica de glicerol: síntesis de monoglicéridos. Obtenido de Universidad Nacional del Litoral: https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/11185/236/Tesis.pdf
Fischer, L., Erfle, J., Lodge, G., & Sauer, F. (1993). Effects of propylene glycol or glycerol supplementation of the diet of dairy cows on feed intake, milk yield and composition, and incidence of ketosis. Obtenido de Can J Anim Sci ;53:289e96.
Gaillard, C., Sorensen, M., Vestergaard, M., Weisbjerg, M., Larsen, M., Martinussen, H., & Sehested, J. (2018). Effect of substituting barley with glycerol as energy feed on feed intake, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows in mid or late lactation. Obtenido de Livestock Science, 209, 25-31.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141318300131
Goff, J., & Horst, L. (2001). Oral glycerol as an aid in the treatment of ketosis/fatty liver complex. Obtenido de J. Dairy Sci, 84.: https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=124812
Golami, M. (2014). Effect of Air Pollution on Some Cytogenetic Characteristics, Structure, Viability and Proteins of Zinnia elegans Pollen Grains. Obtenido de Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 118-122.: https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjbs.2004.118.122
Grand View Research. (2020). Glycerol Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Source (Biodiesel, Fatty Acids, Fatty Alcohols, Soap), By Type (Crude, Refined) By End Use (Food & Beverage, Pharmaceutical), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027. Obtenido de https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/glycerol-market
Hayirli, A. (2002). Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 85(12), 3430-3443.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030202744317
Hernádez, R. (2014). Metodología de la Investigación. Obtenido de http://observatorio.epacartagena.gov.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/metodologia-de-la-investigacion-sexta-edicion.compressed.pdf
Ingvartsen, K., & Andersen, J. (2000). Integration of metabolism and intake regulation: a review focusing on periparturient animals. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 83(7), 1573-1597.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030200750296
Kass, M. (2013). Long-term oral drenching of crude glycerol to primiparous dairy cows in early lactation. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 184(1-4), 58-66.: http://www.academia.edu/download/42760263/Long-term_oral_drenching_of_crude_glycer20160217-2298-19o31tz.pdf
Khalili, F. (2009). The effect of different concentrations of glycerol and DMSO on viability of Markhoz goat spermatozoa during different freezing temperatures steps. Obtenido de Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(3), 239: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Behrooz_Khalili_Phd_Animal_Nutrition/publication/26649821_The_Effect_of_Different_Concentrations_of_Glycerol_and_DMSO_on_Viability_of_Markhoz_Goat_Spermatozoa_During_Different_Freezing_Temperatures_Steps/links/58b1d439
Khattab, M. (2015). Glycerol as Feedstuff for Ruminant. Obtenido de Science International. 3. 90-94. 10.17311.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281616434_Glycerol_as_Feedstuff_for_Ruminant/citation/download
Kholif, A. (2019). Glycerol use in dairy diets: A systemic review. Animal Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue 3,, 206-219.
Kozlozki, G. (2016). Nutritional impact of crude glycerine infusion into the rumen of wethers fed a tropical or a temperate forage grass. Obtenido de The Journal of Agricultural Science, 154(7), 1306-1316.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lisandre_De_Oliveira/publication/305215793_Nutritional_impact_of_crude_glycerine_infusion_into_the_rumen_of_wethers_fed_a_tropical_or_a_temperate_forage_grass/links/5818c52f08ae50812f5dcfa1/Nutritional-impact-of-crude-
Kristensen, N., & Raun, B. (2007). Ruminal fermentation, portal absorption and hepatic metabolism of glycerol infused into the rumen of lactating dairy cows. Obtenido de PUBLICATION-EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION, 124, 355.
Lammers, P. (2012). Digestible and metabolizable energy of crude glycerol for growing pigs. Obtenido de Journal of Animal Science, 86(3), 602-608.: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/15690/PDF
Lee, I., Kang, H., Piao, M., Kim, I., Gu, M., & Yun, C. (2017). Effects of ambient temperature and dietary glycerol addition on growth performance, blood parameters and immune cell populations of Korean cattle steers. Obtenido de Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 30(4), 505.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394836/
Lomander, H. (2012). Effect of supplemental feeding with glycerol or propylene glycol in early lactation on the fertility of Swedish dairy cows. Obtenido de Reproduction in domestic animals, 47(6), 988-994.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021200207X
Mackle, T. (2004). Effects of insulin and postruminal supply of protein on use of amino acids by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis. . Obtenido de J Dairy Sci 2004;83(1):93e105.
Mallard, N. (2008). Differential gene expression of high and low immune responder Canadian Holstein dairy cows. Obtenido de In Animal Genomics for Animal Health (Vol. 132, pp. 315-320): https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/317277
Maxin, G., Glasser, F., Hurtaud, C., Peyraud, J., & Rulquin, H. (2011). Combined effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, propionate, and acetate on milk fat yield and composition in dairy cows. Obtenido de J. Dairy Sci. 94 :2051–2059: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/279785/1-s2.0-S0022030211X00048/1-s2.0-S0022030211001755/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN7%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIDmu4YOKWFP27Hvb5PI6uBC9DjJI1sDPGyFKWIx9LkHDAiA%2BJPy4j0%2Bn
Murray, R. (2010). Harper, Bioquímica ilustrada. México: Mc Graw - Hill.
Ogborn, K. (2006). Effects of method of delivery of glycerol on performance and metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period. Obtenido de https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/3381/OgbornThesisFinaldraft.pdf;sequence=1
Omazic, A. (2013). Glycerol supplementation in dairy cows and calves. Obtenido de Vol. 2013, No. 83): https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/10898/1/werneromazic_a_131115.pdf
Ortega, A., Hernández, J., & Gutiérrez, C. (2010). La administración oral de glicerol después de la inseminación incrementa el porcentaje de concepción en vacas Holstein. Obtenido de Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias, vol.1 no.1: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-11242010000100006
Osman, M., Allen, P., Mehyar, A., Bobe, G., Coetzee, J., Koehler , K., & Beitz, D. (2008). Acute metabolic responses of postpartal dairy cows to subcutaneous glucagon injections, oral glycerol, or both. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 91(9), 3311-3322.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030208710464
Paiva, P., Del Valle, T., Jesus, F., Bettero, V., Almenida, G., Bueno, I., & Renno, F. (2016). Effects of crude glycerin on milk composition, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 212, 136-142.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840115301061
Piantoni, P., & Allen, M. (2015). Evaluation of propylene glycol and glycerol infusions as treatments for ketosis in dairy cows. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 98(8), 5429-5439.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215004154
Pittaluga, A. (2012). Efecto de niveles incrementales de glicerol crudo en la dieta sobre parámetros productivos en vacas Holando. Obtenido de https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12008/1713/1/3823pit.pdf
Porcu, C. (2018). Effects of short-term administration of a glucogenic mixture at mating on feed intake, metabolism, milk yield and reproductive performance of lactating dairy ewes. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 243, 10-21.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sara_Succu/publication/326085246_Effects_of_short-term_administration_of_a_glucogenic_mixture_at_mating_on_feed_intake_metabolism_milk_yield_and_reproductive_performance_of_lactating_dairy_ewes/links/5b3f2866a6fdcc8506
Quispe, C. (2012). Comparación de costos de producción conjunta de electricidad y calor usandogas natural y glicerol. Obtenido de Revista de investigación de física, 15(01).: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd52/7de893d3a13065189b34fb1da70eee14c420.pdf
Rémond, B. (2013). In vitro and in vivo fermentation of glycerol by rumen microbes. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 41(2), 121-132.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0377840193901184
Rojek, V., Fonty, G., Andre, C., Nielsen, S., Fenton, R., & Gouet, P. (2008). A current view of the mammalian aqua glyceroporins. . Obtenido de Annu Rev Physiol 2008;70:301e27.
Saleem, A. (2018). Effect of glycerol supplementation during early lactation on milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes. Obtenido de R. animal, 12(4), 757-763.: http://mc.minia.edu.eg/research/admin/Publications/28108152403951_div_class__title__Effect_of_glycerol_supplementation_during_early_lactation_on_milk_yield__milk_composition__nutrient_digestibility_and_blo.pdf
Saleem, A., Zanoumy, A., & Singer, A. (2018). Effect of glycerol supplementation during early lactation on milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes. Animal, 12 (4), 757-763.
Schröder, A. (2010). Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production in diets for ruminants. Obtenido de New Horizons for an Old Crop Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia: The Regional Institute Ltd.
Shin, J. (2012). Effects of feeding crude glycerin on performance and ruminal kinetics of lactating Holstein cows fed corn silage- or cottonseed hull-based, low-fiber diets. J Dairy Sci, 95 (7), 4006-4016.
Shwe, W. (2015). Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Pathways for Utilizing Glycerol Derived From Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel. Obtenido de ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ES/proceedings-abstract/ES2015/56840/V001T02A005/228259
Simoes, M. (2011). PdAu/C catalysts prepared by plasma sputtering for the electro-oxidation of glycerol. Obtenido de Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 107(3-4), 372-379.: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/84/79/PDF/Mougenot_et_al_PdAu-glycerolrev1-2ApplCatB.pdf
Souza, A. (2014). Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages. Obtenido de Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 38(5), 497-505.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1413-70542014000500009&script=sci_arttext
Stierwalt, M. (2016). Effects of supplement type and forage type on ruminal metabolism and diet digestibility of cattle . Obtenido de https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/95278/STIERWALT-THESIS-2016.pdf?sequence=1
Sudekum, K. (2008). Quality characteristics of pelleted compound feeds under varying storage conditions as influenced by purity and concentration of glycerol from biodiesel production. Obtenido de Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 17(1), 120.: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3047/0e5fc5154751077209201553bd7c800fe665.pdf
Sutton, J. (1989). Altering milk composition by feeding. Obtenido de J Dairy Sci, 72 (10), pp. 2801-2814: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/279785/1-s2.0-S0022030289X72617/1-s2.0-S0022030289794261/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIDTQI6f51nX%2Bom4jsLcSMK0sGTGq2KJzA378JtI9vpnyAiEA35TrOv1e4U
Thompson, J., & He, B. (2006). Characterization of crude glycerol from biodiesel production from multiple feedstocks. Obtenido de Applied engineering in agriculture, 22(2), 261-265.: http://biodieselfeeds.cfans.umn.edu/sites/biodieselfeeds.cfans.umn.edu/files/2006-thompson-characterization_of_crude_glycerol_from_biodiesel_production.pdf
Thot, D. (2017). Effect of supplementary glycerin on milk composition and heat stability in dairy goats. . Obtenido de Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017;30(12):1711e7.
Trabue, S. (2007). Ruminal fermentation of propylene glycol and glycerol. Obtenido de Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(17), 7043-7051.: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=cbe_pubs
Van Cleef, E. (2014). Crude glycerin in diets for feedlot Nellore cattle. Obtenido de Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(2), 86-91.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-35982014000200006&script=sci_arttext
Wafaa, M., & Mervat, S. (2011). EFFECT OF CRUDE GLYCEROL AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN WITH OR WITHOUT FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BALADI GOATS. Obtenido de Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds, 18(3), 315-325.: https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/nbec/12/1/article-p39.xml
Wang, C., Liu, Q., Yang, W., Huo, W., Dong, K., Huang, Y., & He, D. (2009). Effects of glycerol on lactation performance, energy balance and metabolites in early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 151(1-2), 12-20.: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?page=90388&search_field=all_fields&utf8=%E2%9C%93
Werner, O., & Kronquist, C. (2015). The fate of glycerol entering the rumen of dairy cows and sheep. Obtenido de Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 99(2), 258-264.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jpn.12245
instname:Universidad Antonio Nariño
reponame:Repositorio Institucional UAN
repourl:https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Acceso restringido
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Acceso restringido
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Antonio Nariño
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medicina Veterinaria
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria
dc.publisher.campus.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Circunvalar
institution Universidad Antonio Nariño
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/bitstreams/3568a616-67a9-4b2b-bd1a-8df33ac1babb/download
https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/bitstreams/b6e509dd-a38f-40c7-9865-53f24ba5a00f/download
https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/bitstreams/d7665a74-3b95-451d-94e8-71539ec9eb02/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 629b3748df305fd76960b89aa500e825
d2d4b49fe150e3c4db4fc0747062c570
2e388663398085f69421c9e4c5fcf235
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional UAN
repository.mail.fl_str_mv alertas.repositorio@uan.edu.co
_version_ 1814300447672893440
spelling Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Acceso restringidohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecVisbal Pinilla, Jhon Edinsson2021-03-05T17:36:38Z2021-03-05T17:36:38Z2020-07-10http://repositorio.uan.edu.co/handle/123456789/2700Abo, E. (2011). The effect of replacing corn with glycerol on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters. Obtenido de Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95(3), 313-319.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01056.xAllen, M. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 83(7), 1598-1624.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030200750302Almeida, M. (2018). Rumen and liver measurements of lambs fed with high inclusions of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing period of feedlot. Small Ruminant Research, 1 (16), 1-5.Andersen, H. (2011). Vacas secas y en Transición. Obtenido de Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 12(2): http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1609-91172001000200008Andrade, C. (2011). Estudo da utilização do glicerol oriundo da cadeia do biodiesel por Bacillus subtilis para a produção de biossurfactantes, enzimas e aromas. Obtenido de Universidad de Campinas: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/bitstream/REPOSIP/256666/1/Andrade_CristianoJosede_M.pdfAriko, T., Kass, M., Henno, M., Fievez , V., Kärt, O., & Ots, M. (2015). The effect of replacing barley with glycerol in the diet of dairy cows on rumen parameters and milk fatty acid profile. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 209, 69-78: http://www.academia.edu/download/42760263/Long-term_oral_drenching_of_crude_glycer20160217-2298-19o31tz.pdfAvila, J., Chavez, A., Hernandez, M., Calva, M., McGlin, S., Bauchemin, K., & McAllister, T. (2011). Effects of replacing barley grain in feedlot diets with increasing levels of glycerol on in vitro fermentation and methane production. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 166, 265-268.: https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2457498/CRIStin-post_897421_Avila%2Bet%2Bal.%2B%2BAnimal%2BFeed%2BScience%2Band%2Btechnology.pdf?sequence=2Ayoub, M. (2012). Critical review on the current scenario and significance of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel industry towards more sustainable renewable energy industry. Obtenido de Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2671-2686: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2671-2686Baier, S., Decker, E., & McClements, J. (2004). Impact of glycerol on thermostability and heat-induced gelation of bovine serum albumin. Obtenido de Food Hydrocolloids, 18(1), 91-100: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268005X03000468Bajramaj, D. (2017). Addition of glycerol to lactating cow diets stimulates dry matter intake and milk protein yield to a greater extent than addition of corn grain. Obtenido de J Dairy Sci 2017;100(8): 39e50.Barrington, G. (2002). Biosecurity for neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. . Obtenido de Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2002;18:7e34.Bodarski, R. (2005). The changes of metabolic status and lactation performance in dairy cows under feeding TMR with glycerin [glycerol] supplement at periparturient period. Obtenido de https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-554fe261-720e-48f4-88b9-1adfd7ef1447Brandner, A. (2009). Production of biomass-derived chemicals and energy: chemocatalytic conversions of glycerol. Obtenido de opics in Catalysis, 52(3), 278-287.: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11244-008-9164-2Carvalho, M. (2003). Effect of frequent breast-feeding on early milk production and infant weight gain. Obtenido de Pediatrics, 72(3), 307-311.: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/72/3/307.shortCastello, E. (2018). Effects of partial or total replacement of corn cracked grain with high concentrations of crude glycerin on rumen metabolism of crossbred sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 1 (15), 45-51.Chanjula, p. (2018). Chanjula, P. (2018). Use of crude glycerin as an energy source for goat diets. Obtenido de A review. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences, 2, 1-5.: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/711b/73c52123288cfc7e929e02ebc011385f8cab.pdfDe Frain, J., Hippen, A., Kalscheur, K., & Jardon, P. (2004). Feeding glycerol to transition dairy cows: effects on blood metabolites and lactation performance. J Dairy Sci, 87 (12) , 4195-4206.Delgado, Á. (2018). Efecto de la sustitución de maíz por glicerol crudo sobre el consumo de materia seca, en vacas Holando en pastoreo. Obtenido de Pastos y Forrajes, 41(2), 131-137.: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03942018000200007Donkin, S. (2009). Feeding value of glycerol as a replacement for corn grain in rations fed to lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 92 (10), 5111-5119.Ezequiel, J. (2015). Effects of high concentrations of dietary crude glycerin on dairy cow productivity and milk quality. J Dairy Sci, 98 (11), 8009-8017.FAO. (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2016–2025. . Paris: ONU.Ferretti, C. (2010). Valoración catalítica de glicerol: síntesis de monoglicéridos. Obtenido de Universidad Nacional del Litoral: https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/11185/236/Tesis.pdfFischer, L., Erfle, J., Lodge, G., & Sauer, F. (1993). Effects of propylene glycol or glycerol supplementation of the diet of dairy cows on feed intake, milk yield and composition, and incidence of ketosis. Obtenido de Can J Anim Sci ;53:289e96.Gaillard, C., Sorensen, M., Vestergaard, M., Weisbjerg, M., Larsen, M., Martinussen, H., & Sehested, J. (2018). Effect of substituting barley with glycerol as energy feed on feed intake, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows in mid or late lactation. Obtenido de Livestock Science, 209, 25-31.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141318300131Goff, J., & Horst, L. (2001). Oral glycerol as an aid in the treatment of ketosis/fatty liver complex. Obtenido de J. Dairy Sci, 84.: https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=124812Golami, M. (2014). Effect of Air Pollution on Some Cytogenetic Characteristics, Structure, Viability and Proteins of Zinnia elegans Pollen Grains. Obtenido de Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 118-122.: https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjbs.2004.118.122Grand View Research. (2020). Glycerol Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Source (Biodiesel, Fatty Acids, Fatty Alcohols, Soap), By Type (Crude, Refined) By End Use (Food & Beverage, Pharmaceutical), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027. Obtenido de https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/glycerol-marketHayirli, A. (2002). Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 85(12), 3430-3443.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030202744317Hernádez, R. (2014). Metodología de la Investigación. Obtenido de http://observatorio.epacartagena.gov.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/metodologia-de-la-investigacion-sexta-edicion.compressed.pdfIngvartsen, K., & Andersen, J. (2000). Integration of metabolism and intake regulation: a review focusing on periparturient animals. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 83(7), 1573-1597.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030200750296Kass, M. (2013). Long-term oral drenching of crude glycerol to primiparous dairy cows in early lactation. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 184(1-4), 58-66.: http://www.academia.edu/download/42760263/Long-term_oral_drenching_of_crude_glycer20160217-2298-19o31tz.pdfKhalili, F. (2009). The effect of different concentrations of glycerol and DMSO on viability of Markhoz goat spermatozoa during different freezing temperatures steps. Obtenido de Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(3), 239: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Behrooz_Khalili_Phd_Animal_Nutrition/publication/26649821_The_Effect_of_Different_Concentrations_of_Glycerol_and_DMSO_on_Viability_of_Markhoz_Goat_Spermatozoa_During_Different_Freezing_Temperatures_Steps/links/58b1d439Khattab, M. (2015). Glycerol as Feedstuff for Ruminant. Obtenido de Science International. 3. 90-94. 10.17311.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281616434_Glycerol_as_Feedstuff_for_Ruminant/citation/downloadKholif, A. (2019). Glycerol use in dairy diets: A systemic review. Animal Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue 3,, 206-219.Kozlozki, G. (2016). Nutritional impact of crude glycerine infusion into the rumen of wethers fed a tropical or a temperate forage grass. Obtenido de The Journal of Agricultural Science, 154(7), 1306-1316.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lisandre_De_Oliveira/publication/305215793_Nutritional_impact_of_crude_glycerine_infusion_into_the_rumen_of_wethers_fed_a_tropical_or_a_temperate_forage_grass/links/5818c52f08ae50812f5dcfa1/Nutritional-impact-of-crude-Kristensen, N., & Raun, B. (2007). Ruminal fermentation, portal absorption and hepatic metabolism of glycerol infused into the rumen of lactating dairy cows. Obtenido de PUBLICATION-EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION, 124, 355.Lammers, P. (2012). Digestible and metabolizable energy of crude glycerol for growing pigs. Obtenido de Journal of Animal Science, 86(3), 602-608.: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/15690/PDFLee, I., Kang, H., Piao, M., Kim, I., Gu, M., & Yun, C. (2017). Effects of ambient temperature and dietary glycerol addition on growth performance, blood parameters and immune cell populations of Korean cattle steers. Obtenido de Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 30(4), 505.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394836/Lomander, H. (2012). Effect of supplemental feeding with glycerol or propylene glycol in early lactation on the fertility of Swedish dairy cows. Obtenido de Reproduction in domestic animals, 47(6), 988-994.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021200207XMackle, T. (2004). Effects of insulin and postruminal supply of protein on use of amino acids by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis. . Obtenido de J Dairy Sci 2004;83(1):93e105.Mallard, N. (2008). Differential gene expression of high and low immune responder Canadian Holstein dairy cows. Obtenido de In Animal Genomics for Animal Health (Vol. 132, pp. 315-320): https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/317277Maxin, G., Glasser, F., Hurtaud, C., Peyraud, J., & Rulquin, H. (2011). Combined effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, propionate, and acetate on milk fat yield and composition in dairy cows. Obtenido de J. Dairy Sci. 94 :2051–2059: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/279785/1-s2.0-S0022030211X00048/1-s2.0-S0022030211001755/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN7%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIDmu4YOKWFP27Hvb5PI6uBC9DjJI1sDPGyFKWIx9LkHDAiA%2BJPy4j0%2BnMurray, R. (2010). Harper, Bioquímica ilustrada. México: Mc Graw - Hill.Ogborn, K. (2006). Effects of method of delivery of glycerol on performance and metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period. Obtenido de https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/3381/OgbornThesisFinaldraft.pdf;sequence=1Omazic, A. (2013). Glycerol supplementation in dairy cows and calves. Obtenido de Vol. 2013, No. 83): https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/10898/1/werneromazic_a_131115.pdfOrtega, A., Hernández, J., & Gutiérrez, C. (2010). La administración oral de glicerol después de la inseminación incrementa el porcentaje de concepción en vacas Holstein. Obtenido de Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias, vol.1 no.1: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-11242010000100006Osman, M., Allen, P., Mehyar, A., Bobe, G., Coetzee, J., Koehler , K., & Beitz, D. (2008). Acute metabolic responses of postpartal dairy cows to subcutaneous glucagon injections, oral glycerol, or both. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 91(9), 3311-3322.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030208710464Paiva, P., Del Valle, T., Jesus, F., Bettero, V., Almenida, G., Bueno, I., & Renno, F. (2016). Effects of crude glycerin on milk composition, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 212, 136-142.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840115301061Piantoni, P., & Allen, M. (2015). Evaluation of propylene glycol and glycerol infusions as treatments for ketosis in dairy cows. Obtenido de Journal of dairy science, 98(8), 5429-5439.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215004154Pittaluga, A. (2012). Efecto de niveles incrementales de glicerol crudo en la dieta sobre parámetros productivos en vacas Holando. Obtenido de https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12008/1713/1/3823pit.pdfPorcu, C. (2018). Effects of short-term administration of a glucogenic mixture at mating on feed intake, metabolism, milk yield and reproductive performance of lactating dairy ewes. Obtenido de Animal feed science and technology, 243, 10-21.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sara_Succu/publication/326085246_Effects_of_short-term_administration_of_a_glucogenic_mixture_at_mating_on_feed_intake_metabolism_milk_yield_and_reproductive_performance_of_lactating_dairy_ewes/links/5b3f2866a6fdcc8506Quispe, C. (2012). Comparación de costos de producción conjunta de electricidad y calor usandogas natural y glicerol. Obtenido de Revista de investigación de física, 15(01).: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd52/7de893d3a13065189b34fb1da70eee14c420.pdfRémond, B. (2013). In vitro and in vivo fermentation of glycerol by rumen microbes. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 41(2), 121-132.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0377840193901184Rojek, V., Fonty, G., Andre, C., Nielsen, S., Fenton, R., & Gouet, P. (2008). A current view of the mammalian aqua glyceroporins. . Obtenido de Annu Rev Physiol 2008;70:301e27.Saleem, A. (2018). Effect of glycerol supplementation during early lactation on milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes. Obtenido de R. animal, 12(4), 757-763.: http://mc.minia.edu.eg/research/admin/Publications/28108152403951_div_class__title__Effect_of_glycerol_supplementation_during_early_lactation_on_milk_yield__milk_composition__nutrient_digestibility_and_blo.pdfSaleem, A., Zanoumy, A., & Singer, A. (2018). Effect of glycerol supplementation during early lactation on milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy buffaloes. Animal, 12 (4), 757-763.Schröder, A. (2010). Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production in diets for ruminants. Obtenido de New Horizons for an Old Crop Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia: The Regional Institute Ltd.Shin, J. (2012). Effects of feeding crude glycerin on performance and ruminal kinetics of lactating Holstein cows fed corn silage- or cottonseed hull-based, low-fiber diets. J Dairy Sci, 95 (7), 4006-4016.Shwe, W. (2015). Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Pathways for Utilizing Glycerol Derived From Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel. Obtenido de ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ES/proceedings-abstract/ES2015/56840/V001T02A005/228259Simoes, M. (2011). PdAu/C catalysts prepared by plasma sputtering for the electro-oxidation of glycerol. Obtenido de Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 107(3-4), 372-379.: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/84/79/PDF/Mougenot_et_al_PdAu-glycerolrev1-2ApplCatB.pdfSouza, A. (2014). Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages. Obtenido de Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 38(5), 497-505.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1413-70542014000500009&script=sci_arttextStierwalt, M. (2016). Effects of supplement type and forage type on ruminal metabolism and diet digestibility of cattle . Obtenido de https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/95278/STIERWALT-THESIS-2016.pdf?sequence=1Sudekum, K. (2008). Quality characteristics of pelleted compound feeds under varying storage conditions as influenced by purity and concentration of glycerol from biodiesel production. Obtenido de Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 17(1), 120.: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3047/0e5fc5154751077209201553bd7c800fe665.pdfSutton, J. (1989). Altering milk composition by feeding. Obtenido de J Dairy Sci, 72 (10), pp. 2801-2814: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/279785/1-s2.0-S0022030289X72617/1-s2.0-S0022030289794261/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIDTQI6f51nX%2Bom4jsLcSMK0sGTGq2KJzA378JtI9vpnyAiEA35TrOv1e4UThompson, J., & He, B. (2006). Characterization of crude glycerol from biodiesel production from multiple feedstocks. Obtenido de Applied engineering in agriculture, 22(2), 261-265.: http://biodieselfeeds.cfans.umn.edu/sites/biodieselfeeds.cfans.umn.edu/files/2006-thompson-characterization_of_crude_glycerol_from_biodiesel_production.pdfThot, D. (2017). Effect of supplementary glycerin on milk composition and heat stability in dairy goats. . Obtenido de Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017;30(12):1711e7.Trabue, S. (2007). Ruminal fermentation of propylene glycol and glycerol. Obtenido de Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(17), 7043-7051.: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=cbe_pubsVan Cleef, E. (2014). Crude glycerin in diets for feedlot Nellore cattle. Obtenido de Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(2), 86-91.: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-35982014000200006&script=sci_arttextWafaa, M., & Mervat, S. (2011). EFFECT OF CRUDE GLYCEROL AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN WITH OR WITHOUT FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BALADI GOATS. Obtenido de Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds, 18(3), 315-325.: https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/nbec/12/1/article-p39.xmlWang, C., Liu, Q., Yang, W., Huo, W., Dong, K., Huang, Y., & He, D. (2009). Effects of glycerol on lactation performance, energy balance and metabolites in early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Obtenido de Animal Feed Science and Technology, 151(1-2), 12-20.: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?page=90388&search_field=all_fields&utf8=%E2%9C%93Werner, O., & Kronquist, C. (2015). The fate of glycerol entering the rumen of dairy cows and sheep. Obtenido de Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 99(2), 258-264.: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jpn.12245instname:Universidad Antonio Nariñoreponame:Repositorio Institucional UANrepourl:https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/Glycerol is a product of fat processing for the chemical industry and for the production of biodiesel. The objective of this project was to review the existing concepts in the literature related to the effect of glycerol on both metabolism and milk production, milk composition, body weight, body condition score and some blood parameters. in lactating dairy cows.El glicerol es un producto del procesamiento de grasas para la industria química y para la producción de biodiesel. El objetivo de este proyecto fue revisar los conceptos existentes en la literatura relacionados con el efecto del glicerol tanto en el metabolismo como en la producción de leche, la composición de la leche, el peso corporal, el puntaje de la condición corporal y algunos parámetros sanguíneos en las vacas lecheras en el período de lactancia.Médico(a) Veterinario(a)PregradoPresencialspaUniversidad Antonio NariñoMedicina VeterinariaFacultad de Medicina VeterinariaBogotá - CircunvalarGlicerolEfectosMetabolismoParámetros sangineosVacasLactanciaSuplementaciónGlycerolEffectsMetabolismBlood parametersCowsLactationSupplementationMonografía: efectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactanciaTrabajo de grado (Pregrado y/o Especialización)http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85ORIGINAL2020JhonEdinssonVisbalPinilla.pdf2020JhonEdinssonVisbalPinilla.pdfEfectos del glicerol sobre el metabolismo, parámetros sanguíneos y composición de la leche de vacas en lactancia Jhon Edinsson Visbal Pinillaapplication/pdf988066https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/bitstreams/3568a616-67a9-4b2b-bd1a-8df33ac1babb/download629b3748df305fd76960b89aa500e825MD512020AutorizacióndeAutores.pdf2020AutorizacióndeAutores.pdfFORMATO AUTORIZACIÓN AUTORESapplication/pdf355350https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/bitstreams/b6e509dd-a38f-40c7-9865-53f24ba5a00f/downloadd2d4b49fe150e3c4db4fc0747062c570MD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82710https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/bitstreams/d7665a74-3b95-451d-94e8-71539ec9eb02/download2e388663398085f69421c9e4c5fcf235MD54123456789/2700oai:repositorio.uan.edu.co:123456789/27002024-10-09 23:38:57.031https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso restringidoopen.accesshttps://repositorio.uan.edu.coRepositorio Institucional UANalertas.repositorio@uan.edu.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

Publicaciones similares