Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal
El cáncer de mama es el más común en mujeres a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el 81,3% de las muertes por cáncer de seno son evitables y el 70% de los casos nuevos son detectados en estadios tardíos de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del autoexamen de seno relacionad...
- Autores:
-
Meneses Echávez, José Francisco
- Tipo de recurso:
- Masters Thesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2015
- Institución:
- Universidad Santo Tomás
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Santo Tomás
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.usta.edu.co:11634/9499
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/11634/9499
- Palabra clave:
- Breast cancer
Life style
Public health
Cáncer de seno
Estilo de vida
Salud pública
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
id |
SantoToma2_b2b90842e15cd388dace0ddf20690209 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.usta.edu.co:11634/9499 |
network_acronym_str |
SantoToma2 |
network_name_str |
Universidad Santo Tomás |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
title |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
spellingShingle |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal Breast cancer Life style Public health Cáncer de seno Estilo de vida Salud pública |
title_short |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
title_full |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
title_fullStr |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
title_sort |
Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversal |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Meneses Echávez, José Francisco |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Chavarriaga Ríos, Marcía Cristina |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Meneses Echávez, José Francisco |
dc.contributor.googlescholar.none.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-7642 |
dc.contributor.cvlac.none.fl_str_mv |
https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001445311 |
dc.contributor.corporatename.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Santo Tomás |
dc.subject.keyword.spa.fl_str_mv |
Breast cancer Life style Public health |
topic |
Breast cancer Life style Public health Cáncer de seno Estilo de vida Salud pública |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cáncer de seno Estilo de vida Salud pública |
description |
El cáncer de mama es el más común en mujeres a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el 81,3% de las muertes por cáncer de seno son evitables y el 70% de los casos nuevos son detectados en estadios tardíos de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del autoexamen de seno relacionado al cáncer de mama según los conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo y los estilos de vida en mujeres universitarias de los programas de Cultura Física y Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás y del programa de Fisioterapia de la Universidad Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia durante 2014. Se aplicó de manera auto-diligenciada el cuestionario “DACH-German multicenter surveillance study” para identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas para el autoexamen de seno y el instrumento de vigilancia epidemiológica sobre factores de riesgo comportamentales “BRFSS-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System” elaborado por el Centro para el Control de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés). |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2015 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-10-18T02:10:02Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-10-18T02:10:02Z |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis de maestría |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.category.spa.fl_str_mv |
Formación de Recurso Humano para la Ctel: Trabajo de grado de Maestría |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc |
dc.type.drive.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11634/9499 |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.co |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11634/9499 |
identifier_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.co |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IACR) – World Health Organization. Global battle against cancer won’t be won with treatment alone. Effective prevention measures urgently needed to prevent cancer crisis. Press Release N° 224. Lyon/London, 3 Febrero 2014 Murillo R, Piñeros M, Hernández, G. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer e n Colombia. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi; Bogotá: INC, 2004 American Cancer-Society. Breast cancer facts & figures. Book Breast Cancer Facts & Figures. 2009. Hackshaw AK, Paul EA. Breast self-examination and death from breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(7):1047-53. American College of Obstetricians-Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 122: breast cancer screening. Obstet Gynecol, 2011; 8:373 Piñeros M, Sánchez R, Cendales R, Perry F, Ocampo R, García AO. y cols. Características sociodemográficas, clínicas y de la atención de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bogotá. Rev Colomb Cancerol 2008;12(4):181-190 Ministerio de la Protección Social. Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 2010 – ENDS. Bogotá, Colombia, 2011. Ministerio de la Protección Social, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar y colaboradores. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia 2010 – ENSIN. Bogotá, Colombia, 2011. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social - Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, ESE. Plan Decenal para el Control del Cáncer en Colombia, 2012 – 2021. ISBN 978-958-57632-2-7. Bogotá, Colombia, 2013. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010; 127(12):2893-917. Lynch BM, Neilson HK, Friedenreich CM. Physical activity and breast cancer preven- tion. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2011;186: 13-42. Yankaskas BC. Epidemiology of breast cancer in young women. Breast disease. 2005;23:3-8 Anders CK, Johnson R, Litton J, Phillips M, Bleyer A: Breast cancer before age 40 years. Semin Oncol 2009, 36:237-249 Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Harirchi I, Harirchi AM, Sajadian A, Khaleghi F, et al. Breast cancer in Iran: need for greater women awareness of warning signs and effective screening methods. Asia Pac Fam Med. 2008; 7(1):6. Kaplan CP, Haas JS, Pérez-Stable EJ, Gregorich SE, Somkin C, et al. Breast cancer risk reduction options: awareness, discussion, and use among women from four ethnic groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006; 15(1):162-6 Peacey V, Steptoe A, Davídsdóttir S, Baban A, Wardle J. Low levels of breast cancer risk awareness in young women: an international survey. Eur J Cancer. 2006; 42(15):2585-9. Páez, A; Urrea, E; Contreras, M; Díaz, M. Conocimiento y frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama en las estudiantes del área de la salud. Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y Desarrollo. 2010;12 (2): 25-36. Observatorio Nacional de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud. Tercer Informe ONS: Mortalidad evitable en Colombia para 1998-2011. 2014. Página. Imprenta Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia. Anderson BO, Yip CH, Smith RA, et al. Guideline implementation for breast healthcare in low-income and middle-income countries: overview of the Breast Health Global Initiative Global Summit 2007. Cancer 2008;113(Suppl 8): 2221– 43. Schmid D & Leitzmann MF. Association between physical activity and mortality among breast cancer and colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and metaanalysis Annals of Oncology 25: 1293–1311, 2014 Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Rosenblatt DA, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, et al. Fruits, vegetables and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;134(2):479-93 Fung TT, Chiuve SE, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Hu FB, Holmes MD. Intake of specific fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(3):925- 30. Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F. Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk subtypes in the E3N-EPIC cohort. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2014 Abril 16. Suzuki R, Ye W, Rylander-Rudqvist T, Saji S, Colditz GA, Wolk A. Alcohol and postmenopausal breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a prospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(21):1601-8. van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, vant Veer P. Alcohol and breast cancer: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141(10):907- 15 Seibold P, Vrieling A, Heinz J, Obi N, Sinn HP, Flesch-Janys D, Chang-Claude J. Pre-diagnostic smoking behaviour and poorer prognosis in a German breast cancer patient cohort - Differential effects by tumour subtype, NAT2 status, BMI and alcohol intake. Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;38(4):419-26. González SA, Sarmiento OL, Cohen DD, Camargo DM, Correa JE, Páez DC, Ramírez-Vélez R. Results from Colombia's 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. J Phys Act Health. 2014; 1 Suppl 1, S33-44 28 Ministerio de Justicia y Ministerio de la Protección Social. Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en Colombia – 2013. Bogotá, D.C, Colombia Rosal MC, Ockene JK, Ma Y, Hebert JR, Merriam PA, Matthews CE, et al. Behavioral risk factors among members of a health maintenance organization. Prev Med. 2001; 33(6):586-94. Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Findler L. Proximal and distal effects of mortality salience on willingness to engage in health promoting behavior along the life span. Psychology & Health. 2005;20:303–318. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Factor de riesgo [Internet]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/topics/risk_factors/es/ Hensrud DD, Klein S. Extreme obesity: a new medical crisis in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81(10 Suppl):S5-10 Gierisch JM, Coeytaux RR, Urrutia RP, Havrilesky LJ, Moorman PG, Lowery WJ, et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013; 22(11):1931-43. Leung J, Pirovich R, Woods C, de Costa C. Knowledge of contraceptive methods and services among tertiary students in far North Queensland. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;54(4):386-9. Mijatović V, Samojlik I, Petković S, Horvat O, Tomić Z, Sabo A. Hormonal contraception--habits and awareness female students of the University of Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. Med Pregl. 2014;67(9-10):290-6. Pisani P. The cancer problem in developing countries. En: Tanneberger S, Cavalli F, Pannuti F, editors. Cancer in developing countries: the great challenge for oncology in the 21st Century. Munich: Zuckschwardtverlag; 2004. p. 21-5. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray, F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Disponible desde: http://globocan.iarc.fr Pardo C, Cendales R. Incidencia estimada y mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia 2002-2006 Bogotá, INC 2010. Piñeros M, Hernández G, Bray F. Increasing mortality rates of common malignancies in Colombia. Anemergingproblem. Cancer 2004; 10(10): 2285-2292. Piñeros M, Pardo C, Gamboa O, Hernández G. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia. Bogotá. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi; Bogotá. Imprenta Nacional; 210 Martínez S, Segura A, Arias S, Mateus G. Caracterización de los tiempos de atención y de mujeres con cáncer de mama que asistieron a un hospital de tercer nivel, 2005-2009. Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública 2012; 30(2): 183-191 American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts and Figures 2007-2008. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. [Electronic Version]. 2007. P.1-26. American Cancer Society. Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts and Figures 2007. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2007. P.1-2, 30-50. Baxter, N. Prevention Health Care 2001, and update: should women be routinely taught breast self-examination to screen for breast cancer? CMAJ. 2001; 164(13):1837-46. McCready, T., Littlewood, D., & Jenkinson, J. Breast self-examination and breast awareness: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2005, 14:570-578. Champion, V. L. Breast self-examination: What now? Oncology Nursing Forum. 2003, 30(5):723-24. Foxall, M. J., Baron, C. R., & Houfek, J. Ethnic differences in breast-self examination practice and health beliefs. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1998, 27:419-428. Rutledge DN, Barsevick A, Knobf MT, Bookbinder M. Breast cancer detection: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of women from Pennsylvania. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28(6):1032-40. Dündar PE, Ozmen D, Oztürk B, Haspolat G, Akyildiz F, Coban S, et al. The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western Turkey. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:43. Cohen M. Breast cancer early detection, health beliefs, and cancer worries in randomly selected women with and without a family history of breast cancer. Psychooncology. 2006;15(10):873-83 Nahcivan NO, Secginli S. Health beliefs related to breast self-examination in a sample of Turkish women. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34(2):425-32. Tavafian SS, Hasani L, Aghamolaei T, Zare S, Gregory D. Prediction of breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women: an application of the Health Belief Model. BMC Womens Health. 2009;9:37. Bener A, El Ayoubi HR, Moore MA, Basha B, Joseph S, Chouchane L. Do we need to maximise the breast cancer screening awareness? Experience with an endogamous society with high fertility. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009;10(4):599- 604. 4 Thomas DB, et al. Randomized trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai: final results. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94(19):1445-57. Avci IA, Gozum S. Comparison of two different educational methods on teachers' knowledge, beliefs and behaviors regarding breast cancer screening. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2009;13(2):94-101. Hajian S, Vakilian K, Najabadi KM, Hosseini J, Mirzaei HR. Effects of education based on the health belief model on screening behavior in high risk women for breast cancer, Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(1):49-54. Rezaeian M, Sharifirad G, Mostafavi F, Moodi M, Abbasi MH. The effects of breast cancer educational intervention on knowledge and health beliefs of women 40 years and older, Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2014; 3:43. Delgado-Cruzata L, Zhang W, McDonald JA, Tsai WY, Valdovinos C, Falci L, et al. Dietary modifications, weight loss, and changes in metabolic markers affect global DNA methylation in Hispanic, africanamerican, and afro-Caribbean breast cancer survivors. J Nutr. 2015;145(4):783-90. Katzke VA, Kaaks R, Kühn T. Lifestyle and cancer risk. Cancer J. 2015;21(2):104-10. Hernández B, Velasco-Mondragón H. Encuestas transversales. Salud Publica Mex. 2000; 42(5):447-55. Pourhoseingholi MA, Vahedi M, Rahimzadeh M. Sample size calculation in medical studies. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2013;6(1):14-17. Pohls UG, Renner SP, Fasching PA, et al. Awareness of breast cancer incidence and risk factors among healthy women. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004;13:249-56 Paepke S, Schubert R, Hu¨ ttner C, Blohmer JU, Lichtenegger W (2000). Awareness and preventional behaviour of the female population of Berlin and Hildesheim, Germany regarding breast cancer – results of a cross-sectional study of 2110 women. Geb Fra 60: 620–624. Allam MF, Abd Elaziz KM. Evaluation of the level of knowledge of Egyptian women of breast cancer and its risk factors. A cross sectional study. J Prev Med Hyg. 2012;53(4):195-8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Al-Azmy, S, Alkhabbaz, A, Almutawa, HA, Ismaeli, AE, Makboul G, El-Shazly, MK. Practicing breast self-examination among women attending primary health care in Kuwait . Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2013, 49(3): 281-6. Abimbola Oluwatosin, O. Women's knowledge, practices and attitudes to breast self-examination. African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 2008 2:4, 175- 180. Alwan NAS, Al-Diwan JKA, Al-Attar WM, Eliessa RA. Knowledge, attitude & practice towards breast cancer & breast self-examination in Kirkuk University, Iraq. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2012; 1(4): 308-311 Taha H, Halabi Y, Berggren V, Jaouni S, Nyström L, Al-Qutob R, et al. Educational intervention to improve breast health knowledge among women in Jordan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(5):1167-73. Suh MA, Atashili J, Fuh EA, Eta VA. Breast self-examination and breast cancer awareness in women in developing countries: a survey of women in Buea, Cameroon. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:627. Tavafian SD, Hasani L, Aghamolalei T, Zare S, Gregory D. Prediction of breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women: an application of the Health Belief Model. BMC Women's Health 2009, 9:37 2 Abolfotouh MA, BaniMustafa AA, Mahfouz AA, Al-Assiri MH, Al-Juhani AF, Alaskar AS. Using the health belief model to predict breast self examination among Saudi women. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1163. Peltzer K. Breast self-examination and cervical (Pap) smear test: Attitudes and self-reported practices among South African women. Psychological Reports. 2001;89(1):27-32 4 Wardle J, Steptoe A, Smith H, Groll-Knapp E, Koller M, Smith D, et al. Breast self-examination: attitudes and practices among young women in Europe. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4(1):61-8. Carelli I, Pompei LM, Mattos CS, Ferreira HG, Pescuma R, Fernandes CE, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination in a female population of metropolitan São Paulo. Breast. 2008;17(3):270-4. Sáenz A, Sánchez A. Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas del autoexamen de mama en mujeres de 15 – 45 años que acuden a los consultorios de Planificación Familiar y Papanicolaou del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, periodo Agosto – Diciembre del 2010 [Tesis]. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Humana; 2011. Astudillo P, Maldonado J, Bayas J. Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre autoexamen de la glándula mamaria en pacientes de consulta externa del área de ginecología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador, 2014 [Tesis]. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; 2015. Piñeros M, Sánchez R, Perry F, García OA, Ocampo R, Cendales R. Demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bogotá, Colombia. Salud Publica Mex. 2011;53(6):478-85. Persson K, Svensson PG, Ek AC. Breast self-examination an analysis of selfreported practice. J Adv Nurs 1997;25(5):886–92. |
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ |
dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abierto (Texto Completo) |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ Abierto (Texto Completo) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.campus.spa.fl_str_mv |
CRAI-USTA Bogotá |
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv |
Maestría en Salud Pública |
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Economía |
institution |
Universidad Santo Tomás |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/1/MenessesJos%c3%a92016.pdf https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/4/2015cartadefacultad.pdf https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/5/2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdf https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/2/license.txt https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/3/MenessesJos%c3%a92016.pdf.jpg https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/6/2015cartadefacultad.pdf.jpg https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/7/2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
9bbc73a362f468a11b2935dca1dce49d 2b25fbe52f6bf594d24dd2dbf86d41a3 b30b9112cabe9379660d8fdf162b9969 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 30d642ea327da96442ecc0b04cff7271 e0ba126a87877dd80576433f5dc98929 9ee33de2002ce6cd44b32c446b706b6c |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Santo Tomás |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
noreply@usta.edu.co |
_version_ |
1800786343789330432 |
spelling |
Chavarriaga Ríos, Marcía CristinaMeneses Echávez, José Franciscohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-7642https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001445311Universidad Santo Tomás2017-10-18T02:10:02Z2017-10-18T02:10:02Z2015http://hdl.handle.net/11634/9499repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.coEl cáncer de mama es el más común en mujeres a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el 81,3% de las muertes por cáncer de seno son evitables y el 70% de los casos nuevos son detectados en estadios tardíos de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del autoexamen de seno relacionado al cáncer de mama según los conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo y los estilos de vida en mujeres universitarias de los programas de Cultura Física y Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás y del programa de Fisioterapia de la Universidad Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia durante 2014. Se aplicó de manera auto-diligenciada el cuestionario “DACH-German multicenter surveillance study” para identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas para el autoexamen de seno y el instrumento de vigilancia epidemiológica sobre factores de riesgo comportamentales “BRFSS-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System” elaborado por el Centro para el Control de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés).Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In Colombia, 81.3% of breast cancer deaths are preventable and 70% of new cases are detected in late stages of the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the practice of breast cancer-related breast self-examination according to knowledge about risk factors and lifestyles in university women from the Physical Culture and Psychology programs of the Universidad Santo Tomás and the Physiotherapy program of the Universidad Manuela Beltrán in Bogotá, Colombia during 2014. The "DACH-German multicenter surveillance study" questionnaire was self-administered to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices for breast self-examination and the epidemiological surveillance instrument on behavioral risk factors "BRFSS-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System" developed by the United States Center for Disease Control (CDC).Magíster en Salud PúblicaMaestríaapplication/pdfAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Práctica del autoexamen de seno y su asociación con los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama y el estilo de vida en mujeres jóvenes de las universidades santo Tomás y Manuela Beltrán de Bogotá, Colombia en 2014: un análisis transversalMaestría en Salud PúblicaFacultad de EconomíaBreast cancerLife stylePublic healthCáncer de senoEstilo de vidaSalud públicaTesis de maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionFormación de Recurso Humano para la Ctel: Trabajo de grado de Maestríahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisCRAI-USTA BogotáInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IACR) – World Health Organization. Global battle against cancer won’t be won with treatment alone. Effective prevention measures urgently needed to prevent cancer crisis. Press Release N° 224. Lyon/London, 3 Febrero 2014Murillo R, Piñeros M, Hernández, G. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer e n Colombia. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi; Bogotá: INC, 2004American Cancer-Society. Breast cancer facts & figures. Book Breast Cancer Facts & Figures. 2009.Hackshaw AK, Paul EA. Breast self-examination and death from breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(7):1047-53.American College of Obstetricians-Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 122: breast cancer screening. Obstet Gynecol, 2011; 8:373Piñeros M, Sánchez R, Cendales R, Perry F, Ocampo R, García AO. y cols. Características sociodemográficas, clínicas y de la atención de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bogotá. Rev Colomb Cancerol 2008;12(4):181-190Ministerio de la Protección Social. Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 2010 – ENDS. Bogotá, Colombia, 2011.Ministerio de la Protección Social, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar y colaboradores. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia 2010 – ENSIN. Bogotá, Colombia, 2011.Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social - Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, ESE. Plan Decenal para el Control del Cáncer en Colombia, 2012 – 2021. ISBN 978-958-57632-2-7. Bogotá, Colombia, 2013.Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010; 127(12):2893-917.Lynch BM, Neilson HK, Friedenreich CM. Physical activity and breast cancer preven- tion. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2011;186: 13-42.Yankaskas BC. Epidemiology of breast cancer in young women. Breast disease. 2005;23:3-8Anders CK, Johnson R, Litton J, Phillips M, Bleyer A: Breast cancer before age 40 years. Semin Oncol 2009, 36:237-249Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Harirchi I, Harirchi AM, Sajadian A, Khaleghi F, et al. Breast cancer in Iran: need for greater women awareness of warning signs and effective screening methods. Asia Pac Fam Med. 2008; 7(1):6.Kaplan CP, Haas JS, Pérez-Stable EJ, Gregorich SE, Somkin C, et al. Breast cancer risk reduction options: awareness, discussion, and use among women from four ethnic groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006; 15(1):162-6Peacey V, Steptoe A, Davídsdóttir S, Baban A, Wardle J. Low levels of breast cancer risk awareness in young women: an international survey. Eur J Cancer. 2006; 42(15):2585-9.Páez, A; Urrea, E; Contreras, M; Díaz, M. Conocimiento y frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama en las estudiantes del área de la salud. Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y Desarrollo. 2010;12 (2): 25-36.Observatorio Nacional de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud. Tercer Informe ONS: Mortalidad evitable en Colombia para 1998-2011. 2014. Página. Imprenta Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.Anderson BO, Yip CH, Smith RA, et al. Guideline implementation for breast healthcare in low-income and middle-income countries: overview of the Breast Health Global Initiative Global Summit 2007. Cancer 2008;113(Suppl 8): 2221– 43.Schmid D & Leitzmann MF. Association between physical activity and mortality among breast cancer and colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and metaanalysis Annals of Oncology 25: 1293–1311, 2014Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Rosenblatt DA, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, et al. Fruits, vegetables and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;134(2):479-93Fung TT, Chiuve SE, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Hu FB, Holmes MD. Intake of specific fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(3):925- 30.Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F. Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk subtypes in the E3N-EPIC cohort. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2014 Abril 16.Suzuki R, Ye W, Rylander-Rudqvist T, Saji S, Colditz GA, Wolk A. Alcohol and postmenopausal breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a prospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(21):1601-8.van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, vant Veer P. Alcohol and breast cancer: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141(10):907- 15Seibold P, Vrieling A, Heinz J, Obi N, Sinn HP, Flesch-Janys D, Chang-Claude J. Pre-diagnostic smoking behaviour and poorer prognosis in a German breast cancer patient cohort - Differential effects by tumour subtype, NAT2 status, BMI and alcohol intake. Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;38(4):419-26.González SA, Sarmiento OL, Cohen DD, Camargo DM, Correa JE, Páez DC, Ramírez-Vélez R. Results from Colombia's 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. J Phys Act Health. 2014; 1 Suppl 1, S33-4428 Ministerio de Justicia y Ministerio de la Protección Social. Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en Colombia – 2013. Bogotá, D.C, ColombiaRosal MC, Ockene JK, Ma Y, Hebert JR, Merriam PA, Matthews CE, et al. Behavioral risk factors among members of a health maintenance organization. Prev Med. 2001; 33(6):586-94.Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Findler L. Proximal and distal effects of mortality salience on willingness to engage in health promoting behavior along the life span. Psychology & Health. 2005;20:303–318.Organización Mundial de la Salud. Factor de riesgo [Internet]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/topics/risk_factors/es/Hensrud DD, Klein S. Extreme obesity: a new medical crisis in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81(10 Suppl):S5-10Gierisch JM, Coeytaux RR, Urrutia RP, Havrilesky LJ, Moorman PG, Lowery WJ, et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013; 22(11):1931-43.Leung J, Pirovich R, Woods C, de Costa C. Knowledge of contraceptive methods and services among tertiary students in far North Queensland. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;54(4):386-9.Mijatović V, Samojlik I, Petković S, Horvat O, Tomić Z, Sabo A. Hormonal contraception--habits and awareness female students of the University of Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. Med Pregl. 2014;67(9-10):290-6.Pisani P. The cancer problem in developing countries. En: Tanneberger S, Cavalli F, Pannuti F, editors. Cancer in developing countries: the great challenge for oncology in the 21st Century. Munich: Zuckschwardtverlag; 2004. p. 21-5.Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray, F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Disponible desde: http://globocan.iarc.frPardo C, Cendales R. Incidencia estimada y mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia 2002-2006 Bogotá, INC 2010.Piñeros M, Hernández G, Bray F. Increasing mortality rates of common malignancies in Colombia. Anemergingproblem. Cancer 2004; 10(10): 2285-2292.Piñeros M, Pardo C, Gamboa O, Hernández G. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia. Bogotá. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi; Bogotá. Imprenta Nacional; 210Martínez S, Segura A, Arias S, Mateus G. Caracterización de los tiempos de atención y de mujeres con cáncer de mama que asistieron a un hospital de tercer nivel, 2005-2009. Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública 2012; 30(2): 183-191American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts and Figures 2007-2008. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. [Electronic Version]. 2007. P.1-26.American Cancer Society. Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts and Figures 2007. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2007. P.1-2, 30-50.Baxter, N. Prevention Health Care 2001, and update: should women be routinely taught breast self-examination to screen for breast cancer? CMAJ. 2001; 164(13):1837-46.McCready, T., Littlewood, D., & Jenkinson, J. Breast self-examination and breast awareness: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2005, 14:570-578.Champion, V. L. Breast self-examination: What now? Oncology Nursing Forum. 2003, 30(5):723-24.Foxall, M. J., Baron, C. R., & Houfek, J. Ethnic differences in breast-self examination practice and health beliefs. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1998, 27:419-428.Rutledge DN, Barsevick A, Knobf MT, Bookbinder M. Breast cancer detection: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of women from Pennsylvania. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28(6):1032-40.Dündar PE, Ozmen D, Oztürk B, Haspolat G, Akyildiz F, Coban S, et al. The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western Turkey. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:43.Cohen M. Breast cancer early detection, health beliefs, and cancer worries in randomly selected women with and without a family history of breast cancer. Psychooncology. 2006;15(10):873-83Nahcivan NO, Secginli S. Health beliefs related to breast self-examination in a sample of Turkish women. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34(2):425-32.Tavafian SS, Hasani L, Aghamolaei T, Zare S, Gregory D. Prediction of breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women: an application of the Health Belief Model. BMC Womens Health. 2009;9:37.Bener A, El Ayoubi HR, Moore MA, Basha B, Joseph S, Chouchane L. Do we need to maximise the breast cancer screening awareness? Experience with an endogamous society with high fertility. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009;10(4):599- 604.4 Thomas DB, et al. Randomized trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai: final results. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94(19):1445-57.Avci IA, Gozum S. Comparison of two different educational methods on teachers' knowledge, beliefs and behaviors regarding breast cancer screening. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2009;13(2):94-101.Hajian S, Vakilian K, Najabadi KM, Hosseini J, Mirzaei HR. Effects of education based on the health belief model on screening behavior in high risk women for breast cancer, Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(1):49-54.Rezaeian M, Sharifirad G, Mostafavi F, Moodi M, Abbasi MH. The effects of breast cancer educational intervention on knowledge and health beliefs of women 40 years and older, Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2014; 3:43.Delgado-Cruzata L, Zhang W, McDonald JA, Tsai WY, Valdovinos C, Falci L, et al. Dietary modifications, weight loss, and changes in metabolic markers affect global DNA methylation in Hispanic, africanamerican, and afro-Caribbean breast cancer survivors. J Nutr. 2015;145(4):783-90.Katzke VA, Kaaks R, Kühn T. Lifestyle and cancer risk. Cancer J. 2015;21(2):104-10.Hernández B, Velasco-Mondragón H. Encuestas transversales. Salud Publica Mex. 2000; 42(5):447-55.Pourhoseingholi MA, Vahedi M, Rahimzadeh M. Sample size calculation in medical studies. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2013;6(1):14-17.Pohls UG, Renner SP, Fasching PA, et al. Awareness of breast cancer incidence and risk factors among healthy women. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004;13:249-56Paepke S, Schubert R, Hu¨ ttner C, Blohmer JU, Lichtenegger W (2000). Awareness and preventional behaviour of the female population of Berlin and Hildesheim, Germany regarding breast cancer – results of a cross-sectional study of 2110 women. Geb Fra 60: 620–624.Allam MF, Abd Elaziz KM. Evaluation of the level of knowledge of Egyptian women of breast cancer and its risk factors. A cross sectional study. J Prev Med Hyg. 2012;53(4):195-8.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAl-Azmy, S, Alkhabbaz, A, Almutawa, HA, Ismaeli, AE, Makboul G, El-Shazly, MK. Practicing breast self-examination among women attending primary health care in Kuwait . Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2013, 49(3): 281-6.Abimbola Oluwatosin, O. Women's knowledge, practices and attitudes to breast self-examination. African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 2008 2:4, 175- 180.Alwan NAS, Al-Diwan JKA, Al-Attar WM, Eliessa RA. Knowledge, attitude & practice towards breast cancer & breast self-examination in Kirkuk University, Iraq. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2012; 1(4): 308-311Taha H, Halabi Y, Berggren V, Jaouni S, Nyström L, Al-Qutob R, et al. Educational intervention to improve breast health knowledge among women in Jordan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(5):1167-73.Suh MA, Atashili J, Fuh EA, Eta VA. Breast self-examination and breast cancer awareness in women in developing countries: a survey of women in Buea, Cameroon. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:627.Tavafian SD, Hasani L, Aghamolalei T, Zare S, Gregory D. Prediction of breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women: an application of the Health Belief Model. BMC Women's Health 2009, 9:372 Abolfotouh MA, BaniMustafa AA, Mahfouz AA, Al-Assiri MH, Al-Juhani AF, Alaskar AS. Using the health belief model to predict breast self examination among Saudi women. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1163.Peltzer K. Breast self-examination and cervical (Pap) smear test: Attitudes and self-reported practices among South African women. Psychological Reports. 2001;89(1):27-324 Wardle J, Steptoe A, Smith H, Groll-Knapp E, Koller M, Smith D, et al. Breast self-examination: attitudes and practices among young women in Europe. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4(1):61-8.Carelli I, Pompei LM, Mattos CS, Ferreira HG, Pescuma R, Fernandes CE, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination in a female population of metropolitan São Paulo. Breast. 2008;17(3):270-4.Sáenz A, Sánchez A. Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas del autoexamen de mama en mujeres de 15 – 45 años que acuden a los consultorios de Planificación Familiar y Papanicolaou del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, periodo Agosto – Diciembre del 2010 [Tesis]. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Humana; 2011.Astudillo P, Maldonado J, Bayas J. Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre autoexamen de la glándula mamaria en pacientes de consulta externa del área de ginecología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador, 2014 [Tesis]. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; 2015.Piñeros M, Sánchez R, Perry F, García OA, Ocampo R, Cendales R. Demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bogotá, Colombia. Salud Publica Mex. 2011;53(6):478-85.Persson K, Svensson PG, Ek AC. Breast self-examination an analysis of selfreported practice. J Adv Nurs 1997;25(5):886–92.ORIGINALMenessesJosé2016.pdfMenessesJosé2016.pdfapplication/pdf2848387https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/1/MenessesJos%c3%a92016.pdf9bbc73a362f468a11b2935dca1dce49dMD51open access2015cartadefacultad.pdf2015cartadefacultad.pdfapplication/pdf66270https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/4/2015cartadefacultad.pdf2b25fbe52f6bf594d24dd2dbf86d41a3MD54metadata only access2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdf2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdfapplication/pdf51164https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/5/2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdfb30b9112cabe9379660d8fdf162b9969MD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/2/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52open accessTHUMBNAILMenessesJosé2016.pdf.jpgMenessesJosé2016.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5707https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/3/MenessesJos%c3%a92016.pdf.jpg30d642ea327da96442ecc0b04cff7271MD53open access2015cartadefacultad.pdf.jpg2015cartadefacultad.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg8215https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/6/2015cartadefacultad.pdf.jpge0ba126a87877dd80576433f5dc98929MD56open access2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpg2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7008https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/9499/7/2015cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpg9ee33de2002ce6cd44b32c446b706b6cMD57open access11634/9499oai:repository.usta.edu.co:11634/94992023-07-13 03:02:15.957open accessRepositorio Universidad Santo Tomásnoreply@usta.edu.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 |