Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada

El agua es un recurso esencial para conservar la vida de todos los seres que habitan el planeta, y se ha visto afectado por el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas tóxicos. Según las estadísticas de comercialización de plaguicidas químicos de uso agrícola reportadas por el Instituto Colombiano Agropecu...

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Autores:: Suárez Alvarado, María Angélica

Tipo de recurso:: Masters Thesis

Fecha de publicación:: 2019

Institución:: Universidad Santo Tomás

Repositorio:: Universidad Santo Tomás

Idioma:: spa

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network_acronym_str	SantoToma2
network_name_str	Universidad Santo Tomás
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
title	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
spellingShingle	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada Chlorpyrifos Carbofuran Paraquat Free porphyrins Metallic porphyrins with iron (III) Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) Heterogeneous photocatalysis Paraquat Plaguicidas Fotocatálisis Porfirinas Clorpirifos Paraquat Carbofurano Porfirinas libres Porfirinas metálicas con hierro (III) Nanotubos de dióxido de titanio (TNT) Fotocatálisis heterogénea
title_short	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
title_full	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
title_fullStr	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
title_full_unstemmed	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
title_sort	Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Suárez Alvarado, María Angélica
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv	Vargas Méndez, Leonor Yamile
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Suárez Alvarado, María Angélica
dc.subject.keyword.spa.fl_str_mv	Chlorpyrifos Carbofuran Paraquat Free porphyrins Metallic porphyrins with iron (III) Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) Heterogeneous photocatalysis
topic	Chlorpyrifos Carbofuran Paraquat Free porphyrins Metallic porphyrins with iron (III) Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) Heterogeneous photocatalysis Paraquat Plaguicidas Fotocatálisis Porfirinas Clorpirifos Paraquat Carbofurano Porfirinas libres Porfirinas metálicas con hierro (III) Nanotubos de dióxido de titanio (TNT) Fotocatálisis heterogénea
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv	Paraquat Plaguicidas Fotocatálisis Porfirinas
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Clorpirifos Paraquat Carbofurano Porfirinas libres Porfirinas metálicas con hierro (III) Nanotubos de dióxido de titanio (TNT) Fotocatálisis heterogénea
description	El agua es un recurso esencial para conservar la vida de todos los seres que habitan el planeta, y se ha visto afectado por el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas tóxicos. Según las estadísticas de comercialización de plaguicidas químicos de uso agrícola reportadas por el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), en el año 2016 en nuestro país se vendieron en total 57´284.087 litros de pesticidas, dentro de los cuales resaltan el paraquat con 4´471.787, el mancozeb con 2´764.047, el clorpirifos con 2´197.095 y el carbofurano con 126.21 L (Tabla 1); estos plaguicidas presentan alta toxicidad sobre mamíferos y todos los animales no-objetivo presentes en los ecosistemas. El uso desmedido e indiscriminado de pesticidas poco biodegradables usados en el control de plagas en el país, ha incrementado la producción de lixiviados; debido a que gran parte de ellos no permanecen en el cultivo, se filtran por el suelo y contaminan los acuíferos. Es por esto que en la presente investigación se empleó la fotocatálisis heterogénea como método de oxidación avanzada para degradar el carbofurano, el paraquat y el clorpirifos, los cuales son pesticidas empleados ampliamente en diversos cultivos implementados en Colombia, tales como la papa, caña de azúcar, café, cebolla, maíz, entre otros. Durante este proceso se sintetizó y metaló con hierro (III) las tetrafenilporfirina cloro (TClPP) y tetrafenilporfirina metoxi (TMeOPP) por medio de reacciones de condensación y coordinación reportadas en la literatura (Adler et al., 1967; Falvo et al 1999). Luego las porfirinas fueron soportadas en nanotubos de dióxido de titanio (TNT), lo cuales se prepararon por medio de una reacción hidrotermal, la cual se basa en un tratamiento alcalino de un precursor de óxido de titanio (Wu, et al., 2015). Como resultado, las modificaciones realizadas al dióxido de titanio comercial generaron un aumento en la producción de especies oxidantes cuando se sometía a radiación UV-Vis, así como la ampliación de la activación del semiconductor al rango visible. Los catalizadores sensibilizados con porfirinas libres TClPP/TNT y TMeOPP/TNT degradaron el carbofurano en un 83% y 85%; el paraquat en un 67% y 76%; y el clorpirifos en un 73% y 78%, respectivamente. La inclusión del hierro como centro metálico de los catalizadores incrementó el porcentaje de degradación promedio así: con el empleo de la TClPPFe/TNT se logró degradar el carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos en un 95%, 85% y 84% respectivamente, y mediante el uso de la TMeOPPFe/TNT se obtuvo un porcentaje de degradación del carbofurano de 89%, el paraquat 82%; y clorpirifos 84%.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv	2019-09-16T20:13:45Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv	2019-09-16T20:13:45Z
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv	2019-09-09
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv	Tesis de maestría
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.category.spa.fl_str_mv	Formación de Recurso Humano para la Ctel: Trabajo de grado de Maestría
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.drive.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv	Suárez Alvarado, M. A. (2019). Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/11634/18698
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomás
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	instname:Universidad Santo Tomás
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.co
identifier_str_mv	Suárez Alvarado, M. A. (2019). Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia. reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomás instname:Universidad Santo Tomás repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.co
url	http://hdl.handle.net/11634/18698
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
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spelling	Vargas Méndez, Leonor YamileSuárez Alvarado, María Angélica2019-09-16T20:13:45Z2019-09-16T20:13:45Z2019-09-09Suárez Alvarado, M. A. (2019). Degradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzada [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.http://hdl.handle.net/11634/18698reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomásinstname:Universidad Santo Tomásrepourl:https://repository.usta.edu.coEl agua es un recurso esencial para conservar la vida de todos los seres que habitan el planeta, y se ha visto afectado por el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas tóxicos. Según las estadísticas de comercialización de plaguicidas químicos de uso agrícola reportadas por el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), en el año 2016 en nuestro país se vendieron en total 57´284.087 litros de pesticidas, dentro de los cuales resaltan el paraquat con 4´471.787, el mancozeb con 2´764.047, el clorpirifos con 2´197.095 y el carbofurano con 126.21 L (Tabla 1); estos plaguicidas presentan alta toxicidad sobre mamíferos y todos los animales no-objetivo presentes en los ecosistemas. El uso desmedido e indiscriminado de pesticidas poco biodegradables usados en el control de plagas en el país, ha incrementado la producción de lixiviados; debido a que gran parte de ellos no permanecen en el cultivo, se filtran por el suelo y contaminan los acuíferos. Es por esto que en la presente investigación se empleó la fotocatálisis heterogénea como método de oxidación avanzada para degradar el carbofurano, el paraquat y el clorpirifos, los cuales son pesticidas empleados ampliamente en diversos cultivos implementados en Colombia, tales como la papa, caña de azúcar, café, cebolla, maíz, entre otros. Durante este proceso se sintetizó y metaló con hierro (III) las tetrafenilporfirina cloro (TClPP) y tetrafenilporfirina metoxi (TMeOPP) por medio de reacciones de condensación y coordinación reportadas en la literatura (Adler et al., 1967; Falvo et al 1999). Luego las porfirinas fueron soportadas en nanotubos de dióxido de titanio (TNT), lo cuales se prepararon por medio de una reacción hidrotermal, la cual se basa en un tratamiento alcalino de un precursor de óxido de titanio (Wu, et al., 2015). Como resultado, las modificaciones realizadas al dióxido de titanio comercial generaron un aumento en la producción de especies oxidantes cuando se sometía a radiación UV-Vis, así como la ampliación de la activación del semiconductor al rango visible. Los catalizadores sensibilizados con porfirinas libres TClPP/TNT y TMeOPP/TNT degradaron el carbofurano en un 83% y 85%; el paraquat en un 67% y 76%; y el clorpirifos en un 73% y 78%, respectivamente. La inclusión del hierro como centro metálico de los catalizadores incrementó el porcentaje de degradación promedio así: con el empleo de la TClPPFe/TNT se logró degradar el carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos en un 95%, 85% y 84% respectivamente, y mediante el uso de la TMeOPPFe/TNT se obtuvo un porcentaje de degradación del carbofurano de 89%, el paraquat 82%; y clorpirifos 84%.Water is an essential resource to conserve the life of all beings that inhabit the planet and has been affected by the indiscriminate use of toxic pesticides. According to the commercialization statistics of chemical pesticides for agricultural use reported by the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), in 2016 in our country a total of 57’284.087 liters of pesticides were sold, among which stand out the paraquat with 4'471.787 , mancozeb with 2’764.047, chlorpyrifos with 2’197.095 and carbofuran with 126.21 L (Table 1); These pesticides have high toxicity to mammals and all non-target animals present in ecosystems. The excessive and indiscriminate use of low biodegradable pesticides used in the control of pests in the country, has increased the production of leachates; Because a large part of them do not remain in the crop, they seep through the soil and contaminate the aquifers. That is why in the present investigation heterogeneous photocatalysis was used as an advanced oxidation method to degrade carbofuran, paraquat and chlorpyrifos, which are pesticides widely used in various crops implemented in Colombia, such as potatoes, sugar cane , coffee, onion, corn, among others. During this process, tetraphenylporphyrin chlorine (TClPP) and tetraphenylporphyrin methoxy (TMeOPP) were synthesized and metallized with iron (III) through condensation and coordination reactions reported in the literature (Adler et al., 1967; Falvo et al 1999). Porphyrins were then supported on titanium dioxide (TNT) nanotubes, which were prepared by hydrothermal reaction, which is based on an alkaline treatment of a titanium oxide precursor (Wu, et al., 2015). As a result, the modifications made to commercial titanium dioxide generated an increase in the production of oxidizing species when subjected to UV-Vis radiation, as well as the extension of semiconductor activation to the visible range. Catalysts sensitized with free porphyrins TClPP/TNT and TMeOPP/TNT degraded carbofuran in 83% and 85%; paraquat in 67% and 76%; and chlorpyrifos in 73% and 78%, respectively. The inclusion of iron as the metal center of the catalysts increased the average degradation percentage as follows: with the use of TClPPFe/TNT, it was possible to degrade carbofuran, paraquat and chlorpyrifos in 95%, 85% and 84% respectively, and through using the TMeOPPFe/TNT a percentage of carbofuran degradation of 89%, paraquat 82% was obtained; and chlorpyrifos 84%.Magister en Ciencias y Tecnologías Ambientaleshttp://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacionMaestríaapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Santo TomásMaestría Ciencias y Tecnologías AmbientalesFacultad de Química AmbientalDegradación de carbofurano, paraquat y clorpirifos por procesos de oxidación avanzadaChlorpyrifosCarbofuranParaquatFree porphyrinsMetallic porphyrins with iron (III)Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT)Heterogeneous photocatalysisParaquatPlaguicidasFotocatálisisPorfirinasClorpirifosParaquatCarbofuranoPorfirinas libresPorfirinas metálicas con hierro (III)Nanotubos de dióxido de titanio (TNT)Fotocatálisis heterogéneaTesis de maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionFormación de Recurso Humano para la Ctel: Trabajo de grado de Maestríahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisAbierto (Texto Completo)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2CRAI-USTA BucaramangaAcevedo, M. P., & Suárez, M. A. (2013). Fotoactividad de nanomateriales de TiO2 modificado con porfirinas de Cu (II) y sin metal: formación de •OH y su aplicación en la degradación del carbofuran (Trabajo de grado en pregrado en Química Ambiental). Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia p.82-93.Adler, A. D., Longo, F. R., Finarelli, J. D., Goldmacher, J., Assour, J., & Korsakoff, L. (1967). A simplified synthesis for meso-tetraphenylporphine. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 32(2), 476-477. DOI: 10.1021/jo01288a053Adler, A. D., Longo, F. R., Kampas, F., & Kim, J. (1970). On the preparation of metalloporphrins. Journal of inorganic and nuclear chemistry, 32(7), 2443-2445. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(70)80535-8.Adler, A. D., Longo, F. R., & Shergalis, W. (1964). Mechanistic investigations of porphyrin syntheses. I. preliminary studies on ms-tetraphenylporphin. Journal of american chemical society, 86(15), 3145-3149. DOI: doi.org/10.1021/ja01069a035.Affam, A. C., & Chaudhuri, M. (2013). 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