Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas.
This dissertation sets out to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE network in the south-Germany by examining and correcting diferent parameters of antennas within a cluster and optimising their electrical tilts. It also aims to strengthen the student's knowledge, acquired during the telecomm...
- Autores:
-
Martínez Cuellar, Cristian Camilo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2016
- Institución:
- Universidad Santo Tomás
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional USTA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.usta.edu.co:11634/2786
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11634/2786
- Palabra clave:
- Overlapping zones
Interferences
Throughput (Downlink and Uplink)
Electrical Tilt
Databases
Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones
Investigación
Tecnología
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| title |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| spellingShingle |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. Overlapping zones Interferences Throughput (Downlink and Uplink) Electrical Tilt Databases Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones Investigación Tecnología |
| title_short |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| title_full |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| title_fullStr |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| title_sort |
Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Martínez Cuellar, Cristian Camilo |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Castro Ramírez, Víctor Manuel Vodafone, Jose Huamán |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Martínez Cuellar, Cristian Camilo |
| dc.contributor.orcid.none.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1376 |
| dc.contributor.googlescholar.none.fl_str_mv |
https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=7pydETgAAAAJ |
| dc.contributor.cvlac.none.fl_str_mv |
https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000726397 |
| dc.contributor.corporatename.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Santo Tomás |
| dc.subject.keyword.spa.fl_str_mv |
Overlapping zones Interferences Throughput (Downlink and Uplink) Electrical Tilt Databases |
| topic |
Overlapping zones Interferences Throughput (Downlink and Uplink) Electrical Tilt Databases Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones Investigación Tecnología |
| dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones Investigación Tecnología |
| description |
This dissertation sets out to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE network in the south-Germany by examining and correcting diferent parameters of antennas within a cluster and optimising their electrical tilts. It also aims to strengthen the student's knowledge, acquired during the telecommunications engineering bachelor at Santo Thomas University Colombia. The cellular network business has become more competitive and complex since the introduction of 4G. LTE has surpassed its predecessors, dominating data services and it is only matter of time before it fully extends to voice services, until we reach a point where the days of planning GSM, GPRS, WCDMA and UMTS are behind us. Human behaviour on social networks and the internet requires the best of network capacity now, which is why engineers must keep optimising processes constantly. |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-06-16T22:21:47Z |
| dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2017-06-24T16:27:17Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-06-16T22:21:47Z |
| dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2017-06-24T16:27:17Z |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
bachelor thesis |
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Tesis de pregrado |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11634/2786 |
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reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomás |
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spa |
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spa |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
MISHRA, Ajay R. Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation. Chichester, England: Wiley, 2007. Vodafone Group Plc, Background Presentation. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.vodafone.com/content/dam/vodafone/investors/factsheet/ group_presentation.pdf) Last check: [December 08 2015] Airtel Becomes Third-Largest Mobile Operator Globally. [Internet]. Available: (http://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-becomes-thirdlargest-mobile-operator-globally-709755) Last check: [December 08 2015] Meilensteine der Unternehmensgeschichte (Milestones in the company history). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.vodafone.de/unternehmen/meilensteine. html) Last check: [December 15 2015] Struktur & Standorte (Structure & Sites). [Internet]. Available: (http://www. vodafone.de/unternehmen/standorte.html) Last check: [December 15 2015] LTE Overview. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/ keywords-acronyms/98-lte) Last check: [January 14 2016] The State of LTE (February 2016). [Internet]. Available: (http://opensignal. com/reports/2016/02/state-of-lte-q4-2015/) Last check: [February 23 2016] Worldwide LTE subscriber base reaches 635 mn in Q1, to reach one billion in 2016: Ovum [Infographic]. [Internet]. Available: (http: //telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/3g-4g/worldwide-ltesubscriber-base-reaches-635-mn-in-q1-to-reach-one-billion-in2016-ovum-infographic/47565839) Last check: [January 16 2016] The LTE Network Architecture A comprehensive tutorial from Alcatel Lucent. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.cse.unt.edu/~rdantu/FALL_2013_ WIRELESS_NETWORKS/LTE_Alcatel_White_Paper.pdf) Last check: [January 16 2016] General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access (3GPP TS 23.401 version 8.18.0 Release 8). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_ts/123400_123499/123401/08.18.00_60/ts_123401v081800p.pdf) Last check: [February 22 2016] 3900 Series Base Station Product Description. [Internet]. Available: (http://cosconor.fr/GSM/Divers/Equipment/Huawei/3900%20Series% 20Base%20Station.pdf) Last check: [February 22 2016 REMY, Jean-Gabriel. LTE Standards. Chichester, England: Wiley, September 2014. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_ts/136200_136299/136211/08.07.00_60/ts_136211v080700p.pdf) Last check: [February 23 2016] UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA); Concept evaluation (ETSI Technical Report 101.146 Version 3.0.0). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/101100_101199/101146/03.00. 00_60/tr_101146v030000p.pdf) Last check: [February 23 2016] Self-configuring and self-optimizing network (SON) use cases and solutions (3GPP TR 36.902 version 9.3.1 Release 9). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/136900_136999/136902/09. 03.01_60/tr_136902v090301p.pdf) Last check: [March 02 2016] Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer; Measurements (3GPP TS 36.214 version 12.1.0 Release 12). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136200_136299/136214/12. 01.00_60/ts_136214v120100p.pdf) Last check: [March 01 2016] RSRQ to SINR Relation. [Internet]. Available: (http://laroccasolutions. com/training/164-rsrq-to-sinr/) Last check: [March 01 2016] JOHNSON, Chris. Long Term Evolution in Bullets. Northampton, England. Edition 2, 2012. LTE RF Optimisation Guide [Huawei instruction material]. Internal server Vodafone GmbH (also available on Internet). R&S ROMES4 Drive Test Software. [Internet]. Available: (https://www.rohdeschwarz.com/vn/product/romes-productstartpage_63493-8650.html) Last check: [December 15 2015] SwissQual QualiPoc Android. [Internet]. Available: (https://www.rohdeschwarz.com/vn/product/qualipoc_android-productstartpage_63493- 55430.html) Last check: [December 15 2015] iManager M2000. [Internet]. Available: (http://www1.huawei.com/ en/products/oss/mbb-om-product/imanager-m2000/index.htm) Last check: [March 15 2016] Actix Radioplan User Guide. Exchange documentation from the internal server Vodafone GmbH. Hyperion Interactive Reporting. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.oracle. com/technetwork/middleware/bi-foundation/index-101307.html) Last check: [May 11 2016] |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ |
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Universidad Santo Tomás |
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Castro Ramírez, Víctor ManuelVodafone, Jose HuamánMartínez Cuellar, Cristian Camilohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1376https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=7pydETgAAAAJhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000726397Universidad Santo Tomás2017-06-16T22:21:47Z2017-06-24T16:27:17Z2017-06-16T22:21:47Z2017-06-24T16:27:17Z2016https://hdl.handle.net/11634/2786reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomásinstname:Universidad Santo Tomásrepourl:https://repository.usta.edu.coThis dissertation sets out to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE network in the south-Germany by examining and correcting diferent parameters of antennas within a cluster and optimising their electrical tilts. It also aims to strengthen the student's knowledge, acquired during the telecommunications engineering bachelor at Santo Thomas University Colombia. The cellular network business has become more competitive and complex since the introduction of 4G. LTE has surpassed its predecessors, dominating data services and it is only matter of time before it fully extends to voice services, until we reach a point where the days of planning GSM, GPRS, WCDMA and UMTS are behind us. Human behaviour on social networks and the internet requires the best of network capacity now, which is why engineers must keep optimising processes constantly.Ingeniero de TelecomunicacionesPregradoapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Santo TomásPregrado Ingeniería de TelecomunicacionesFacultad de Ingeniería de TelecomunicacionesAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Analysis of the antenna settings, overlapping zones, interferences and data throughput in order to improve the quality of the Vodafone LTE mobile network by optimising the electrical tilts of the antennas.bachelor thesisTesis de pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisOverlapping zonesInterferencesThroughput (Downlink and Uplink)Electrical TiltDatabasesIngeniería de TelecomunicacionesInvestigaciónTecnologíaCRAI-USTA BogotáMISHRA, Ajay R. Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation. Chichester, England: Wiley, 2007.Vodafone Group Plc, Background Presentation. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.vodafone.com/content/dam/vodafone/investors/factsheet/ group_presentation.pdf) Last check: [December 08 2015]Airtel Becomes Third-Largest Mobile Operator Globally. [Internet]. Available: (http://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-becomes-thirdlargest-mobile-operator-globally-709755) Last check: [December 08 2015]Meilensteine der Unternehmensgeschichte (Milestones in the company history). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.vodafone.de/unternehmen/meilensteine. html) Last check: [December 15 2015]Struktur & Standorte (Structure & Sites). [Internet]. Available: (http://www. vodafone.de/unternehmen/standorte.html) Last check: [December 15 2015]LTE Overview. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/ keywords-acronyms/98-lte) Last check: [January 14 2016]The State of LTE (February 2016). [Internet]. Available: (http://opensignal. com/reports/2016/02/state-of-lte-q4-2015/) Last check: [February 23 2016]Worldwide LTE subscriber base reaches 635 mn in Q1, to reach one billion in 2016: Ovum [Infographic]. [Internet]. Available: (http: //telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/3g-4g/worldwide-ltesubscriber-base-reaches-635-mn-in-q1-to-reach-one-billion-in2016-ovum-infographic/47565839) Last check: [January 16 2016]The LTE Network Architecture A comprehensive tutorial from Alcatel Lucent. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.cse.unt.edu/~rdantu/FALL_2013_ WIRELESS_NETWORKS/LTE_Alcatel_White_Paper.pdf) Last check: [January 16 2016]General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access (3GPP TS 23.401 version 8.18.0 Release 8). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_ts/123400_123499/123401/08.18.00_60/ts_123401v081800p.pdf) Last check: [February 22 2016]3900 Series Base Station Product Description. [Internet]. Available: (http://cosconor.fr/GSM/Divers/Equipment/Huawei/3900%20Series% 20Base%20Station.pdf) Last check: [February 22 2016REMY, Jean-Gabriel. LTE Standards. Chichester, England: Wiley, September 2014.Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_ts/136200_136299/136211/08.07.00_60/ts_136211v080700p.pdf) Last check: [February 23 2016]UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA); Concept evaluation (ETSI Technical Report 101.146 Version 3.0.0). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/101100_101199/101146/03.00. 00_60/tr_101146v030000p.pdf) Last check: [February 23 2016]Self-configuring and self-optimizing network (SON) use cases and solutions (3GPP TR 36.902 version 9.3.1 Release 9). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/136900_136999/136902/09. 03.01_60/tr_136902v090301p.pdf) Last check: [March 02 2016]Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer; Measurements (3GPP TS 36.214 version 12.1.0 Release 12). [Internet]. Available: (http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136200_136299/136214/12. 01.00_60/ts_136214v120100p.pdf) Last check: [March 01 2016]RSRQ to SINR Relation. [Internet]. Available: (http://laroccasolutions. com/training/164-rsrq-to-sinr/) Last check: [March 01 2016]JOHNSON, Chris. Long Term Evolution in Bullets. Northampton, England. Edition 2, 2012.LTE RF Optimisation Guide [Huawei instruction material]. Internal server Vodafone GmbH (also available on Internet).R&S ROMES4 Drive Test Software. [Internet]. Available: (https://www.rohdeschwarz.com/vn/product/romes-productstartpage_63493-8650.html) Last check: [December 15 2015]SwissQual QualiPoc Android. [Internet]. Available: (https://www.rohdeschwarz.com/vn/product/qualipoc_android-productstartpage_63493- 55430.html) Last check: [December 15 2015]iManager M2000. [Internet]. Available: (http://www1.huawei.com/ en/products/oss/mbb-om-product/imanager-m2000/index.htm) Last check: [March 15 2016]Actix Radioplan User Guide. Exchange documentation from the internal server Vodafone GmbH.Hyperion Interactive Reporting. [Internet]. Available: (http://www.oracle. com/technetwork/middleware/bi-foundation/index-101307.html) Last check: [May 11 2016]THUMBNAILMartinezcristian2016.pdf.jpgMartinezcristian2016.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5509https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/3/Martinezcristian2016.pdf.jpg8b6fedf0a40dbb88cf33250d957768dcMD53open access2016cartadefacultad.pdf.jpg2016cartadefacultad.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7165https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/6/2016cartadefacultad.pdf.jpgfcba961510bc437d78078552e55456a0MD56open access2016cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpg2016cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7097https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/7/2016cartadederechosdeautor.pdf.jpg9901a596dc6c960dd6d3612eb97f08faMD57open accessORIGINALMartinezcristian2016.pdfapplication/pdf33054613https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/1/Martinezcristian2016.pdfcc5cfce57144fc62ed95af06478af24bMD51open access2016cartadefacultad.pdf2016cartadefacultad.pdfapplication/pdf56002https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/4/2016cartadefacultad.pdfae7c2d4ef8b32ab8cbe5812ee809c3f2MD54metadata only access2016cartadederechosdeautor.pdf2016cartadederechosdeautor.pdfapplication/pdf52125https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/5/2016cartadederechosdeautor.pdfcaa80909eb41ca709eab7ce6249cd1bfMD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txttext/plain1748https://repository.usta.edu.co/bitstream/11634/2786/2/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52open access11634/2786oai:repository.usta.edu.co:11634/27862024-06-27 09:00:51.35open accessRepositorio Universidad Santo Tomásrepositorio@usta.edu.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 |