Promoción del crecimiento vegetal en suelos degradados por minería urbana mediante la adición de residuos de la construcción y demolición

The extraction of raw materials for the construction industry brings environmental problems such as: (i) loss of vegetation, (ii) erosion, (iii) air pollution, (iv) disruption to water and (v) scenic resource. This produces the destruction of the natural soil because the soil characteristics of the substrate are not appropriate for the establishment and survival of vegetation cover at the end of mining; making way to new land (Anthropsoil) inappropriate for further use in agriculture, recreation, landscaping, among others. Moreover, in the Metropolitan Area of Medellín the raw material used in civil works (roads, bridges, buildings, etc.) is extracted into the city via urban mining. In addition, the generation of waste material from construction and demolition (WMCD) are also done inside the same city. These two situations, combined with the quick urban demand, high material consumption and waste generation which produces unsustainable development; therefore, waste management in the metropolitan area has become a complex problem, because not only does it reach WMCD tailings (4600 ton/day), legal landfills (2400 ton/day), it also goes to courses of water or illegal dumps (3400 ton / day), causing obstructions in rivers, fields and roads, causing direct and indirect risks to human health and high maintenance costs and environmental restoration. Unfortunately, in the metropolitan area only about 1000 ton/day of WMCD, used in landfill structures is recycled (AMVA & CORANTIOQUIA, 2006; Serrano & Ferreira, 2009). For 2004, in the Valley of Aburrá, it was produced 2 million tons of WMCD, of which 130,000 tons were concrete, which represented 14% of the demand for concrete production houses. An alternative to take advantage of the WMCD, is to use it as a source of nutrients in soils degraded by urban mining (obtaining clays) to facilitate the establishment of plant species, allowing the recovery of environmental services such as: (i) carbon capture and storage, (ii) prevent erosion and maintenance, (iii) soil fertility and (iv) landscape. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the WMCD as conditioning physicochemical properties degraded by urban mining, using the plant Leucaena Leucocephala as an indicator. To add value to this waste and thus mitigate environmental impacts. At the end of the research process, it was found that the use of WMCD ameliorates the physicochemical properties of degraded soils, proportions of 25 grams of Residual Concrete (RC) and 10 grams of grass (Treatment 4), since it had the best performance in the development of plant species, as for the germination and physical aspect (visual); measuring at a height of 7.8 cm, 2.3 cm in diameter, and a dry air mass of 0.70 g, compared to the other treatments. Noting that it is not necessary to add large amounts of RC to achieve the establishment of Leucaena Leucocephala plant.

• Autores: Castro Castañeda, María Fatiniza; Rosso Meneses, Angélica María
• Fecha de publicación: 2015
• Institución: Universidad de San Buenaventura
• Repositorio: Repositorio USB
• Idioma: spa
• OAI Identifier: oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/3949
• Acceso en línea: http://hdl.handle.net/10819/3949
• Palabra clave: Minería; Suelos degradados; Leucaena leucocephala; Residuos de la construcción y demolición (RCD); Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá; Propiedades fisicoquímicas; Ingeniería ambiental; Residuos solidos; Áreas metropolitanas; Industria de la construcción; Medellín; Residuos de la construcción y la demolición; Suelos
• License: Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia