Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven
150 páginas : gráficas
- Autores:
-
Rincón Bolívar, Natalia Jimena
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/1799
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1799
- Palabra clave:
- Entrenamiento deportivo
Deportistas
Aptitudes físicas - Pruebas
Fuerza muscular
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
| id |
RepoUDCA2_f6545a422344558751694afa93011bc9 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/1799 |
| network_acronym_str |
RepoUDCA2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UDCA |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| title |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| spellingShingle |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven Entrenamiento deportivo Deportistas Aptitudes físicas - Pruebas Fuerza muscular |
| title_short |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| title_full |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| title_fullStr |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| title_sort |
Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto joven |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rincón Bolívar, Natalia Jimena |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Fernández Ortega, Jairo Alejandro, dir |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Rincón Bolívar, Natalia Jimena |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Entrenamiento deportivo Deportistas Aptitudes físicas - Pruebas |
| topic |
Entrenamiento deportivo Deportistas Aptitudes físicas - Pruebas Fuerza muscular |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Fuerza muscular |
| description |
150 páginas : gráficas |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-16T14:14:55Z |
| dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-16T14:14:55Z |
| dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Especialización |
| dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1799 |
| dc.identifier.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
POS007 R35e 2019 (205581) |
| url |
https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1799 |
| identifier_str_mv |
POS007 R35e 2019 (205581) |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Stabenow Dahab K, McCambridge Metcalf T. Strength training in children and adolescents: raising the bar for young athletes? Sports Health. 2009;1(3):223–6. Washington RL, Bernhardt DT, Gomez J, Johnson MD. Strength training by children and adolescents. Sports Med. 2001;107(6):1470–2. Lorenzo A, Lorenzo J, Jiménez S. And if we forget the talent detection… And if we individualize the development of HIS Talent. Aula Univ Salamanca. 2015;(21):105–27. Pastor N. FJ. Strenght Training in children and youth applied to sports performance. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2007;2(1):125–44 Corbin C, Welk G, Corbin W, Welk K. Concepts of Physical Fitness: Active Lifestyles for Wellness. 12th ed. McGraw-Hill, editor. Estados Unidos; 2008. 480 p. Ratamess N. ACSM´s foundations of strength training and conditioning. Kindle. American College of Sports Medicine, editor. USA; 2012. Cometti G. Los métodos modernos de musculación. 4 edición. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2007. 293 p. Siff M., Verkhoshansky Y. Superentrenamiento. 2da edició. Paidotribo, editor. Badalona; 2004. 564 p. González-Badillo JJ, Gorostiaga EG. Fundamentos del entrenamiento de la fuerza. Aplicación al alto rendimiento deportivo. Tercera ed. INDE, editor. Barcelona; 1995. Izquierdo M, González-Badillo J. Prescripción del entrenamiento de fuerza. In: Biomecánica y bases neuromusculares de la actividad física y el deporte. Médica Pan. Barcelona; 2008. p. 663–75. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(4):674–88. Baechle TR, Earle RW. Principios del entrenamiento de la fuerza y del acondicionamiento físico. 2 edición. Médica Panamericana, editor. Madrid; 2007. Simpson SR, Rozenek R, Garhammer J, Lacourse M, Storer T. Comparison of one repetition maximums between free weight and universal machine exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 1997;11(2):103–6. González-Badillo JJ, Ribas Serna J. Bases de la programación del entrenamiento de fuerza. INDE, editor. Barcelona; 2002. 366 p. González-Badillo J, Marques M, Sánchez-Medina L. The Importance of Movement Velocity as a Measure to Control Resistance Training Intensity. J Hum Kinet. 2011;29A(Special Issue):15–9. Drinkwater EJ, Lawton TW, McKenna MJ, Lindsell RP, Hunt PH, Pyne DB. Increased Number of Forced Repetitions Does Not Enhance Strength Development With Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):841–7. Folland JP, Irish CS, Roberts JC, Tarr JE, Jones DA. Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(5):370–3. Mayhew JL, Ball TE, Arnold MD, Bowen JC. Relative muscular endurance performance as a predictor of bench press strength in college men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 1992;6(4):200–6 Sakamoto A, Sinclair PJ. Effect of movement velocity on the relationship between training load and the number of repetitions of bench press. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):523. Izquierdo M, Ibañez J, González-Badillo JJ, Hakkinen K, Ratamess N, Kraemer WJ. Differential effects of strength training leading to failure versus not to failure on hormonal responses, strength, and muscle power gains. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100(5):1647–56. Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(2):123–9. Izquierdo M, González-Badillo JJ, Häkkinen K, Ibáñez J, Kraemer WJ, Altadill A, et al. Effect of loading on unintentional lifting velocity declines during single sets of repetitions to failure during upper and lower extremity muscle actions. Int J Sports Med. 2006;27(9):718–24. González-Badillo, Sánchez-Medina L. Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(5):347–52. Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo JJ, Pérez CE, Pallarés JG. Velocity- and power-load relationships of the bench pull vs Bench press exercises. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(3):209–16. Sánchez Moreno M, Rodríguez Rosell D, Pareja Blanco F, Mora Custodio R, GonzálezBadillo JJ. Movement velocity as indicator of relative intensity and level of effort attained during the set in pull-up exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;10(12):1–23. Verchoshansky Y. Teoría y Metodología del Entrenamiento Deportivo. Paidotribo. Barcelona; 2002. Bompa T. Periodización del entrenamiento deportivo. 2th ed. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2004. 219 p. Harman E. Strength and Power: a definition of terms. Vol. 6, National Strength and Conditioning Association. 1993. p. 18–20. Zatsiorsky VVM, Kraemer WJW. Science and practice of strength training. 2006. 264 p. Manno R. Fundamentos del entrenamiento deportivo. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 1991. 302 p. López Chicharro J, López Mojares L. Fisiología clínica del ejercicio. Panamericana, editor. Buenos Aires; 2008. 507 p. Aguado Jódar X, Grande Rodríguez I, López Elvira JL. Considerations about the definition and taxonomies of muscle strength from a biomechanical point of view. Cons Super Deport Ser lCd. 1999;21(1):9. Rueda Maza A, Frías Gómez G, Quintana de Diego R, Portilla Lezcano J. La condición física en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: una propuesta de desarrolo práctico hacia la autonomía del alumnado. 2th edició. INDE, editor. España; 2001. 372 p. Weineck. Entrenamiento total. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2005. 686 p. Kubo K, Morimoto M, Komuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Influences of tendon stiffness, joint stiffness, and electromyographic activity on jump performances using single joint. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99(3):235–43. Campos GER, Luecke TJ, Wendeln HK, Toma K, Hagerman FC, Murray TF, et al. Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: Specificity of repetition maximum training zones. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;88(1–2):50– 60 Cormie P, McBride JM, McCaulley GO. Power-time, force-time, and velocity-time curve analysis of the countermovement jump: impact of training. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(1):177–86. Harris NK, Cronin JB, Hopkins WG, Hansen KT. Squat jump training at maximal power loads vs. heavy loads: effect on sprint ability. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):1742–9. Platonov, Bulatova. La preparación física. 2da. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 1995. 34 p De Assis Ferreira S, Leme Goncalves V, Miarka B, Frenchini E. Postactivation potentiation: effect of various recovery intervals on brench press power performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(3):739–44. Bompa T. Entrenamiento de la potencia aplicado a los deportes. INDE, editor. Barcelona; 2004. 149 p. Haff GG, Whitley A. A brief review: explosive exercises and sports performance. Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2001;23(3):13–20. Herzog W, Haddou A. Mechanical muscle models and their application to force and power production. In: Paavo Komi, editor. Strength and power in sport. Inglaterra; 2003. p. 154– 83. González R, Molunero O, Martínez R, De Andrade A, Márquez S. La adaptación en el deporte y su relación con el sobreentrenamiento. CARM. 2006;6(1):81–98. Remiro Álvarez G, Da Silva Grigoletto M, García Manso J. La Halterofilia aplicada al deporte: Su enseñanza, uso y aplicación. Primera ed. Wanceulen S., editor. Sevilla; 2013. 70-79 p. Cuadrado Sáenz G, Pablos Abella C, García Manso J. Aspectos metodológicos y fisiológicos del trabajo de hipertrofia muscular. 1 edición. Wuanceulen, editor. Sevilla; 2006. 59-72 p. Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of transient muscle contractions and stretching on the tendon structures in vivo. Acta Physiol Scand. 2002;175(2):157–64 Secomb JL, Lundgren LE, Farley ORL, Tran TT, Nimphius S, Sheppard JM. Relationships between lower-body muscle structure and lower-body strength, power, and muscle-tendon complex stiffness. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(8):2221–8. Rønnestad BR, Hansen EA, Raastad T. Effect of heavy strength training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area, performance determinants, and performance in well-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):965–75. Costanzo L. Fisiología. Cuarta edi. Elsevier, editor. España; 2011. 32-36 p. Schoenfeld BJ. Is there a minimum intensity threshold for resistance training-induced hypertrophic adaptations? Sport Med. 2013;43(12):1279–88 Kraemer W, Spiering A. Crecimiento muscular. In: Association NS& C, editor. Entrenamiento de la fuerza. 2008. p. 29–44. Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1 - Biological basis of maximal power production. Sport Med. 2011;41(1):17–38. Cormie P, Mcguigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Part 2 Trainning considerations for improving maximal power production. Sport Med. 2011;41(2):125–46. Billat V. Fisiología y metodología del entrenamiento. De la teoría a la práctica. Paidotribo. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2001. 196 p. Basmajian J. Electrofisiología de la acción muscular. Panamericana, editor. Buenos Aires; 1976. Bunge M, Ardila R. Filosofía de la psicología. Ventiuno, editor. Barcelona; 2002. 160-165p. Platonov V, Bulatova M. La preparación física. 4th edició. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2001. 413 p. Ishihara A, Roy RR, Ohira Y, Edgerton VR. Motoneuron and sensory neuron plasticity to varying neuromuscular activity levels. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003;31(1):51–7. Baker D, Nance S. The relation between strength and Power in professionals rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13(3):224–9. McBride J, Triiplett-McBride T, Davie A, Newton RU. The effect of heavy- Vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. J Strength Cond Res. 2002;16(1):75. Ortiz Cervera V. Entrenamiento de fuerza y explosividad para la actividad física y el deporte de competición. 2da Ed. Inde, editor. España; 1999. 397 p. McNeely E, Sandler D. Entrenamiento pliométrico de la potencia. S.A T, editor. Madrid; 2010. 160 p. González J, Delgado M, Vaquero M, Contreras O. Modificaciones de la capacidad de salto en las pruebas del Test de Bosco tras la aplicación de un entrenamiento de fuerzas basado en el método de contraste entre sujetos de 50 a 70 años con diferentes niveles de actividad física. Rev Mot. 2002;9:191–207. Kraemer, W. J., y Fleck SJ. Optimizing strength training. Champaign. Kinetics H, editor. Illinois. Estados Unidos; 2010. Baker D, Nance S, Moore M. The load that maximizes the average mechanical power output during jump squats in power trained athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(1):92– 7. Leontijevic B, Pazin N, Bozic P, Kukolj M, Ugarkovic D, Jaric S. Effects of loading on maximum vertical jumps: selective effects of weight and inertia. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(2):286–93. Harris N, Cronin J, Hopkins W. Power outputs of a machine squat jump across a spectrum of loads. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1260–4. Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo JJ. Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2011;43(9):1725–34. Tran QT, Docherty D, Behm D. The effects of varying time under tension and volume load on acute neuromuscular responses. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;98(4):402–10. Izquierdo-Gabarren M, De Txabarri Expósito RG, De Villarreal ESS, Izquierdo M. Physiological factors to predict on traditional rowing performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(1):83–92. Gónzalez Badillo J, Izquierdo M, Gorsostiaga E. Moderate volumen of high relative trining intensity produces greaters strenght gains compared with low ans high volumes in comparative weightlifters. 2006;20(1):73–81. Fry A. The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fiber adaptation. Sport Med. 2004;34(10):663–9 Cormie P, McCaulley GO, McBride JM. Power versus strength-power jump squat training. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007;(24):996–1003. Winchester JB, McBride JM, Maher MA, Mikat RP, Allen BK, Kline DE, et al. Eight weeks of ballistic exercise improves power independently of changes in strength and muscle fiber type expression. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):1728–34. De Villerreal ESS, Kellis E, Kraemer WJ, Izquierdo M. Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump heaight performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(2):495–506 Boeckh-Behrens;W, Buskies W. Entrenamiento de la fuerza. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2005. 174 p. Bird SP, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. Designing resistance training programmes to enchance fitness: A review of the acute programme. Sport Med. 2005;35(10):841–51. Cronin J, Henderson M. Maximal strength and power assessment in novice weight trainers. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(1):48–52. Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Burkett LN, Ball SD. A meta-analysis to determine the dose response for strength development. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(3):456–64. Wolfe BL, LeMura LM, Cole PJ. Quantitative analysis of single- vs. multiple set programs in resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(1):35–47. Newton RU, Rogers RA, Volek JS, Häkkinen K, Kraemer WJ. Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(4):955–61. Roopchand-Martin S, Lue-Chin P. Plyometric training improves power and agility in Jamaica’s national netball team. West Indian Med J. 2010;59(2):182–7. Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K. Muscle hypertrophy, hormonal adaptations and strength development during strength training in strengthtrained and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(6):555–63. Sáez-Sáez E, González-Badillo JJ, Izquierdo M. Low and Moderate plyometric Training frequency produces greater jumping and sprinting gains compared with high frequency. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(3):715–25. Cometti G. La preparación física en el baloncesto. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2002. 231 p. Kawamori N, Newton RU. Velocity specificity of resistance training: actual movement velocity versus intention to move explosively. Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2006;28(2):86– 91. Zhelyazkov T. Bases del entrenamiento deportivo. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2001. Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Lander JE, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR, et al. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:1552–66. Hass CJ, Feigenbaum MS, Franklin BA. Prescription of resistance training for healthy populations. Sport Med. 2001;31(14):953–64. Kraemer W, Ratamess N, French D. Resistance training for health and performance. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002;1:165–71. Hernández YH, Garcia JM. Efectos de un entrenamiento específico de potencia aplicado a futbolistas juveniles para la mejora de la velocidad con cambio de dirección. Mot Eur J Hum Mov. 2013;31:17–36. Martínez-Majolero V, Balsalobre-Fernández C, Villacieros-Rodríguez J, Tejero-González CM a . Relationships between Vertical Jump and Mae-Geri Speed in International Class Karatekas Specialising in Kata. Apunt Educ física y Deport. 2013;4(114):58–64. Buitrago S, Wirtz N, Yue Z, Kleinoder H, Mester J. Mechanical load and physiological responses of four diferent resistence training methods in bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(4):1091–100. Iglesias Soler E, Carbelleira E, Sánchez Otero T, Mayo X, Jiménez A, Chapman M. Acute effects of distribution of rest between repetitions. Int J Sport Med. 2012;33:351–8 Van Den Tillaar R, Ettema G. The " sticking period " in a maximum bench press. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(5):529–35. García Sánchez I, Requena Sánchez B. La repetición máxima en el ejercicio de sentadilla : procedimientos de medida y factores determinantes. Apunt Educ física y Deport. 2011;104:96–105. Van Den Tillaar R, Ettema G. The “sticking period” in a maximum bench press. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(5):529–35 Schilling BK, Falvo MJ, Chiu LZF. Force-velocity, impulse-momentum relationships: Implications for efficacy of purposefully slow resistance training. J Sport Sci Med. 2008;7(2):299–304. Ayllón F, Santos Leyva J, Pantoja García D. Relación entre los parámetros de fuerza, potencia y velocidad, en jugadoras de softball. Kronos. 2004;3:13–20. Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Bronks R, Newton RU. Training-specific muscle architecture adaptation after 5-wk training in athletes. Med Sci Sport Exerc Sport Exerc. 2003;12(28):2013–22. Fielding RA, Lebrasseur NK, Cuoco A, Bean J, Mizer K, Fiatarone M. High-velocity resistance training increases skeletal muscle peak power in older women. Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(4):655–62. González-Badillo JJ, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Sánchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, ParejaBlanco F. Maximal intended velocity training induces greater gains in bench press performance than deliberately slower half-velocity training. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(8):772–81. Pareja-Blanco F, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Sánchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, GonzálezBadillo JJ. Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(11):916–24. Sánchez-Medina L, Pallarés J, Pérez C, Morán-Navarro R, González-Badillo J. Estimation of relative load from bar velocity in the full back squat exercise. Sport Med Int Open. 2017;1(2):E80–E88. Newton RU, Hakkinen K, Hakkinen A, McCormick M, Volek J, Kraemer WJ. Mixedmethods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(8):1367–75. Cotterman M, Darby L, Skelly W. Comparison of muscle force production using the smith machine and free weights for bench press and squat exercises. Strength Cond. 2005;19(1):169–79. Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. Journals Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(1):72– 7. Thomas GA, Kraemer WJ, Spiering BA, Volek JS, Anderson JM, Maresh CM. Maximal power at different percentages of one repetition maximum: Influence of resistance and gender. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):336–42 Peterson MD, Alvar BA, Rhea MR. The contribution of maximal force production to explosive movement among young collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(4):867–73. Borley NR, Standring S, Gray H. Gray’s anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th ed. Edinburgh, editor. Churchill Livingstone; 2008. 1825-1861 p. Izquierdo M, Häkkinen K, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Ibáñez J, Gorostiaga EM. Effects of longterm training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(3):264–71. McBride JM, Triplett-McBride T, Davie AJ, Abernethy PJ, Newton RU. Characteristics of titin in strength and power athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;88(6):553–7. Baker DG, Newton RU. Adaptations in upper‐body maximal strength and power output resulting from long-term resistance training in experienced strength-power athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):541–6. Rábade Espinosa JJ, Valverde Esteve T, Pablos Monzó A, Pablos Abella C, Carratalá Deval V. Body composition, bone status and quality of life in older people involved in a municipal program of physical activity and health. J Phys Educ Sport. 2015;15(4):705–11 Bermejo Frutos J, López Elvira JL, Palao Andres JM. Diferencias de género en salto de ltura según ctegorías de edad. Apunt Educ Física y Deport. 2013;111:62–9. Driss T, Vandewalle H. Review Article The Measurement of Maximal ( Anaerobic ) Power Output on a Cycle Ergometer : A Critical Review. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:1– 40. Bracco D, Thiébaud D, Chioléro RL, Landry M, Burckhardt P, Schutz Y. Segmental body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and DEXA in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81(6):2580–7. Moreira OC, Alonso-Aubin DA, De Oliveira CEP, Candia-Luján R, De Paz JA. Métodos de evaluación de la composición corporal: Una revisión actualizada de descripción, aplicación, ventajas y desventajas. Arch Med del Deport. 2015;32(6):387–94. Lustgarten MS, Fielding RA. Assessment of analytical methods used to measure changes in body composition in the elderly and recommendations for their use in phase II clinical trials. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(5):368–75. Glickman SG, Marn C, Supiano M, Dengel D. Validity and reliability of dual-energy Xray absorptiometry for the assessment of abdominal adiposity. J Appl Physiol. 2004;97(2):509–14. Kohrt W. Preliminary evidence that DEXA provides an accurate assessment of body composition. Am Physiol Soc. 1988;84(1):372–7. Earle RW, Baechle TR. Manual NSCA: Fundamentos del entrenamiento personal. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2008. Carmona Dalmases G, González-Haro C. Análisis de la capacidad de aceleración en mujeres atletas de modalidades de velocidad. Apunt Educ Física y Deport. 2012;(107):69– 77. Balsalobre-Fernández C, Del Campo-Vecino J, Tejero-González CM, Alonso-Curiel D. Relationship Between Peak Power, Maximum Strength, Vertical Jump and 30 Metres Sprint in High Performance 400 Metres Athletes. Apunt Educ Física y Deport. 2012;(108):63–9. Jiménez-Reyes P, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, González-Badillo JJ. Analysis of Variables Measured in Vertical Jump Related to Athletic Performance and its Application to Training. Cult Cienc y Deport. 2011;6(17):113–9. Tejada Otero C. Correlación entre la potencia en miembros inferiores ( altura de despegue del salto ) medida con protocolo de Bosco y la velocidad frecuencial ( medida con el test de 30 y 60 metros planos ) de la selección Colombia femenina y masculina de ultimate frisbe. Rev Educ Física. 2013;2(1):149. Komi P, Linnamo V, Silventoinen P, Sillanpaa M. Force and EMG power spectrum during eccentric and concentric actions. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2000;32(10):1757–62. Zajac A, Jarzabek R, Waskiewicz Z. The diagnostic value of the 10− and 30-second wingate test for competitive athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13(1):16–9. Guilherme L, Denadai B. Sensibilidad del Test de Wingate para las adaptaciones determinadas por el entrenamiento de carreras. Apunt Med l’Esport. 1997;33(127):13–6. Clark NW, Wagner DR, Heath EM. Influence of Velotron chainring size on Wingate anaerobic test. J Sci Med Sport [Internet]. 2018;21(2):202–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.026 Nacleiro Ayllón F, Figueroa Alchapar J. Determinación de los niveles de fuerza máxima, velocidad y potencia por medio de un test creciente de pres de banca plano en levantadores españoles. Eur J Hum Mov. 2006;(15). Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(2):123–9. Pareja-Blanco F, Rodr_ıguez-Rosell D, S_anchez-Medina L, Ribas-Serna J, L_opezL_opez C, Mora-Custodio R, et al. Acute and delayed response to resistance exercise leading or not leading to muscle failure. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017;37(6):630–9. Kohler R, Rundell K, Evans T, Levine A. Peak power during repeated Wingate trials: Implications for testing. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(2):1–5. Jiménez-Reyes P, Pareja-Blanco F, Balsalobre-Fernández C, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Ortega-Becerra MA, González-Badillo JJ. Jump-squat performance and its relationship with relative training intensity in high-level athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(8):1036–40. González-Badillo JJ, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Sánchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, ParejaBlanco F. Formación máxima velocidad prevista induce mayores ganancias en el rendimiento press de banca que el entrenamiento de media velocidad deliberadamente lento. Rev Eur Ciencias del Deport. 2014;14(8):772–81. Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo J, Pérez CE, Pallarés JG. Velocity- and power-load relationships of the bench pull vs Bench press exercises. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(3):209–16. Crewther B, Keogh J, Cronin J, Cook C. Possible stimuli for strength and power adaptation: acute hormonal responses. Sports Med. 2005;35(11):967–89. Asencio CG, Moreno MS, Badillo JJG. Entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y ejercicios de saltos, efectos sobre el rendimiento en el salto vertical en un grupo de alto nivel de jugadores de voleibol durante una temporada completa de competición. Redalyc. 2015;29(1):140–3. Ferragut C, Cortadellas J, Arteaga R, Calbet J. Predicción de la altura de salto vertical: importancia del impulso mecánico y de la masa muscular de las extremidades inferiores. Rev Mot. 2003;10(January):7–22. Costa Moreira O, De Patrocínio Oliveira CE, Candia-Luján R, Romero-Pérez EM, de Paz Fernandez JA. Métodos de evaluación de la masa muscular: Una revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorios. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(3):977–85. Rodríguez Rodríguez FJ, González Fuenzalida HI, Cordero Ortiz JL, Lagos Nieto S, Aguilera Tapia RA, Barraza Gómez FO. Estimación y Comparación de la Masa Muscular por Segmento, en Deportistas Juveniles Chilenos. Int J Morphol. 2014;32(2):703–8. Sanchis-Moysi J. Physical fitness; research findings from University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria update understanding of physical fitness. Obesity, Fit Wellness Week. 2012;1970. Eklund E, Berglund B, Labrie F, Carlström K, Ekström L, Hirschberg AL. Serum androgen profile and physical performance in women Olympic athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(17):1301–8. Sargent C, Gebruers C, O’Mahony J. A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring. Mil Med Res. 2017;4(1):1–29 Bilsborough J, Greenway K, Opar D, Livingstone S, Cordy J, Bird S, et al. Comparison of anthropometry,upper-body strength, and lower-body power characteristics in different levels of australian football players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(3):826–34 Gonzalez-Rave JM, Arija A, Clemente-Suarez V. Seasonal changes in jump performance and body composition in women volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(6):1492–501 Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR, Alvarez-Alvarez L, De Paz JA. Muscle damage responses and adaptations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(5):1075–84. Alvero Cruz Jr, Correas Gomez L, Ronconi M, Fernandez Vazquez R, Porta J. La bioimpedancia electrica como metodo de estimacion de la composicion corporal: normas practicas de utilización. Rev Andal Med Deport Rev Andal Med Deport. 2011;4(4):167– 74. Queiroga MR, Cavazzotto TG, Katayama KY, Portela BS, Tartaruga MP, Ferreira SA. Validity of the RAST for evaluating anaerobic power performance as compared to wingate test in cycling athletes. Motriz Rev Educ Fis. 2013;19(4):696–702. Madrid B, Pardono E, Farias DL, Asano RY, Silva RJS, Simoes HG. Reliability of the Wingate anaerobic test in cyclists. Motricidade. 2013;9(4):40. González Y, D M. Predicción del tiempo en la prueba de 300 metros en patinadores juveniles de rendimiento. Rev UDCA. 2017;20(2):247–53. Çakir-Atabek H. Relationship between anaerobic power , vertical jump and aerobic performance in adolescent track and field athletes. J Phys Educ Sport. 2014;14(4):643–8. Kin-Isler A, Ariburun B, Ozkan A, Aytar A, Tandogan R. The relationship between anaerobic performance, muscle strength and sprint ability in American football players. Isokinet Exerc …. 2008;16(2):87–92. Van Roie E, Bautmans I, Boonen S, Coudyzer W, Kennis E, Celecluse C. Impact of external resistance and maximal effort on force-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors during strengthening exercise:arandomized controlled experiment. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(4):1118–27. Gómez-Carmona C, Bastida-Castillo A, Pino-Ortega J. Efecto agudo de la variación de cargas sobre la velocidad media propulsiva en press de banca y sentadilla. J Sport Sci. 2017;13(2):85–94. Banyard HG, Nosaka K, Vernon AD, Haff GG. The Reliability of Individualized LoadVelocity Profiles. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;13(6):763–9 Sayers SP, Gibson K. A comparison of high-speed power training and slow speed resistance training in older men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(12):3369–80. |
| dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2019 |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Maestría en Ciencias del Deporte |
| institution |
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/b2961681-cdd1-49df-8e06-d31943753315/download https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/e6ddd140-459e-402b-a9eb-9b1f4a397155/download https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/c2147ea2-865e-4091-9424-adc5055d5848/download https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/fee01097-4080-4d64-afaa-c022fb55cd6c/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
f98e5cc63c21543596c62f102397cc09 f661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751 d73ab3716c3a8f694ee8bbe4d16b87f2 a19dfe190091129fc9934a406a161f56 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA. |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
| _version_ |
1818152405910421504 |
| spelling |
Fernández Ortega, Jairo Alejandro, dirRincón Bolívar, Natalia Jimena2019-07-16T14:14:55Z2019-07-16T14:14:55Z2019https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1799POS007 R35e 2019 (205581)150 páginas : gráficasObjetivo: Determinar los efectos de dos métodos de entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre la estructura y las variables mecánicas en las pruebas de potencia en sentadilla profunda y Wingate. Método: 34 deportistas universitarios con una edad promedio de 18,7 ± 3,2 años, realizaron dos tipos de entrenamiento, grupo G1 con alta velocidad y grupo G2 con baja velocidad, durante 10 semanas, 3 veces por semana. El experimento fue desarrollado con el parámetro de la intensidad, la velocidad media propulsiva, para la sentadilla profunda G1 ≥ 0,60 m/s (40% RM) y para el G2 ≤ 0,47 m/s (80% RM) 3 series de 12 repeticiones y para Wingate 3 series. Antes del inicio y después de finalizado el programa de entrenamiento, se evaluaron la masa muscular y las variables mecánicas como la fuerza máxima, velocidad máxima, VMP, potencia máxima y potencia media a través del Wingate y la sentadilla profunda en la máquina Smith. Resultados: Los 17 sujetos del G1 (alta velocidad) tuvieron una adherencia del 79.4% y del G2 (baja velocidad) con un 74.8%. En la comparación intergrupos se evidenció que no hubo un incremento significativo en la masa muscular ni en las variables mecánicas de la prueba de Wingate, sin embargo, en el porcentaje Delta se evidencia diferencias representativas en el G1 y G2 con un valor de 23,4% y 15,7%; en la potencia máxima, un 23,8% y 16,2% en la potencia pico; 22,4% y 13,6% RPM 5 segundos y un 36,9% y 16% en el índice de fatiga respectivamente. En cuanto a la sentadilla profunda no hubo efectos, pero en el % de cambio más cercanos a la significancia fueron en el 80% RM: velocidad, G1 19,5% y G2 0% y VMP G1 16,7% y G2 2,2%. Conclusiones: No se evidencia ningún efecto en cuanto a la masa muscular e indicadores mecánicos de potencia en el Wingate y/o en la sentadilla profunda en los intergrupos. Mientras que en los resultados de los intragrupos se muestra que para el G1 es eficaz para los niveles de masa total, CMO y masa magra en miembros inferiores y para G2 en el CMO. En los dos grupos de entrenamiento en el Wingate todos los indicadores mecánicos fueron eficaces y en el entrenamiento en sentadilla fueron eficaces para la potencia media y máxima entre el 40% al 80% del RM.Objectives: Determine the effects of strength training methods on the structure and mechanical variables in power tests in deep squat and Wingate. Method: 34 university athletes with an average age of 18.7 ± 3.2 years, performed two types of training, group G1 with high speed and group G2 with low speed, for 10 weeks, 3 times a week. The experiment was developed with the intensity parameter, the average propulsive velocity, for the deep squat G1 ≥ 0.60 m / s (40% RM) and for the G2 ≤ 0.47 m / s (80% RM) 3 series of 12 repetitions and for Wingate 3 series. Before the beginning and after the end of the training program, the muscle mass and the mechanical variables were assessed such as maximum force, maximum speed, VMP, maximum power and average power through the Wingate and the deep squat in the Smith machine. Results: The 17 subjects of the G1 (high speed) had an adherence of 79.4% and G2 (low speed) with 74.8%. In the intergroup comparison it was evident that there was no significant increase in muscle mass or in the mechanical variables of the Wingate test, however, in the Delta percentage, representative differences in the G1 and G2 with a value of 23.4 are evidenced % and 15.7%; at maximum power, 23.8% and 16.2% at peak power; 22.4% and 13.6% RPM 5 seconds and 36.9% and 16% in the fatigue index respectively. As for the deep squat there were no effects, but in the% change closest to the significance were in 80% RM: speed, G1 19.5% and G2 0% and VMP G1 16.7% and G2 2,2% Conclusions: No effect is evidenced in terms of muscle mass and mechanical power indicators in the Wingate and / or in the deep squat in the intergroups. While in the results of the intragroups it is shown that for the G1 it is effective for the levels of total mass, CMO and lean mass in lower limbs and for G2 in the CMO. In the two training groups in the Wingate all the mechanical indicators were effective and in the squat training they were effective for the average and maximum power between 40% and 80% of the RM.Incluye bibliografiaEspecializaciónMagister en Ciencias del deporteapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2019Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludMaestría en Ciencias del DeporteDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Efectos de la velocidad del entrenamiento en fuerza sobre la masa muscular, variables mecánicas como la velocidad y potencia en miembros inferiores en adulto jovenTrabajo de grado - Especializaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Entrenamiento deportivoDeportistasAptitudes físicas - PruebasFuerza muscularStabenow Dahab K, McCambridge Metcalf T. Strength training in children and adolescents: raising the bar for young athletes? Sports Health. 2009;1(3):223–6.Washington RL, Bernhardt DT, Gomez J, Johnson MD. Strength training by children and adolescents. Sports Med. 2001;107(6):1470–2.Lorenzo A, Lorenzo J, Jiménez S. And if we forget the talent detection… And if we individualize the development of HIS Talent. Aula Univ Salamanca. 2015;(21):105–27.Pastor N. FJ. Strenght Training in children and youth applied to sports performance. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2007;2(1):125–44Corbin C, Welk G, Corbin W, Welk K. Concepts of Physical Fitness: Active Lifestyles for Wellness. 12th ed. McGraw-Hill, editor. Estados Unidos; 2008. 480 p.Ratamess N. ACSM´s foundations of strength training and conditioning. Kindle. American College of Sports Medicine, editor. USA; 2012.Cometti G. Los métodos modernos de musculación. 4 edición. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2007. 293 p.Siff M., Verkhoshansky Y. Superentrenamiento. 2da edició. Paidotribo, editor. Badalona; 2004. 564 p.González-Badillo JJ, Gorostiaga EG. Fundamentos del entrenamiento de la fuerza. Aplicación al alto rendimiento deportivo. Tercera ed. INDE, editor. Barcelona; 1995.Izquierdo M, González-Badillo J. Prescripción del entrenamiento de fuerza. In: Biomecánica y bases neuromusculares de la actividad física y el deporte. Médica Pan. Barcelona; 2008. p. 663–75.Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(4):674–88.Baechle TR, Earle RW. Principios del entrenamiento de la fuerza y del acondicionamiento físico. 2 edición. Médica Panamericana, editor. Madrid; 2007.Simpson SR, Rozenek R, Garhammer J, Lacourse M, Storer T. Comparison of one repetition maximums between free weight and universal machine exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 1997;11(2):103–6.González-Badillo JJ, Ribas Serna J. Bases de la programación del entrenamiento de fuerza. INDE, editor. Barcelona; 2002. 366 p.González-Badillo J, Marques M, Sánchez-Medina L. The Importance of Movement Velocity as a Measure to Control Resistance Training Intensity. J Hum Kinet. 2011;29A(Special Issue):15–9.Drinkwater EJ, Lawton TW, McKenna MJ, Lindsell RP, Hunt PH, Pyne DB. Increased Number of Forced Repetitions Does Not Enhance Strength Development With Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):841–7.Folland JP, Irish CS, Roberts JC, Tarr JE, Jones DA. Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(5):370–3.Mayhew JL, Ball TE, Arnold MD, Bowen JC. Relative muscular endurance performance as a predictor of bench press strength in college men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 1992;6(4):200–6Sakamoto A, Sinclair PJ. Effect of movement velocity on the relationship between training load and the number of repetitions of bench press. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):523.Izquierdo M, Ibañez J, González-Badillo JJ, Hakkinen K, Ratamess N, Kraemer WJ. Differential effects of strength training leading to failure versus not to failure on hormonal responses, strength, and muscle power gains. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100(5):1647–56.Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(2):123–9.Izquierdo M, González-Badillo JJ, Häkkinen K, Ibáñez J, Kraemer WJ, Altadill A, et al. Effect of loading on unintentional lifting velocity declines during single sets of repetitions to failure during upper and lower extremity muscle actions. Int J Sports Med. 2006;27(9):718–24.González-Badillo, Sánchez-Medina L. Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(5):347–52.Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo JJ, Pérez CE, Pallarés JG. Velocity- and power-load relationships of the bench pull vs Bench press exercises. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(3):209–16.Sánchez Moreno M, Rodríguez Rosell D, Pareja Blanco F, Mora Custodio R, GonzálezBadillo JJ. Movement velocity as indicator of relative intensity and level of effort attained during the set in pull-up exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;10(12):1–23.Verchoshansky Y. Teoría y Metodología del Entrenamiento Deportivo. Paidotribo. Barcelona; 2002.Bompa T. Periodización del entrenamiento deportivo. 2th ed. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2004. 219 p.Harman E. Strength and Power: a definition of terms. Vol. 6, National Strength and Conditioning Association. 1993. p. 18–20.Zatsiorsky VVM, Kraemer WJW. Science and practice of strength training. 2006. 264 p.Manno R. Fundamentos del entrenamiento deportivo. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 1991. 302 p.López Chicharro J, López Mojares L. Fisiología clínica del ejercicio. Panamericana, editor. Buenos Aires; 2008. 507 p.Aguado Jódar X, Grande Rodríguez I, López Elvira JL. Considerations about the definition and taxonomies of muscle strength from a biomechanical point of view. Cons Super Deport Ser lCd. 1999;21(1):9.Rueda Maza A, Frías Gómez G, Quintana de Diego R, Portilla Lezcano J. La condición física en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: una propuesta de desarrolo práctico hacia la autonomía del alumnado. 2th edició. INDE, editor. España; 2001. 372 p.Weineck. Entrenamiento total. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2005. 686 p.Kubo K, Morimoto M, Komuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Influences of tendon stiffness, joint stiffness, and electromyographic activity on jump performances using single joint. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99(3):235–43.Campos GER, Luecke TJ, Wendeln HK, Toma K, Hagerman FC, Murray TF, et al. Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: Specificity of repetition maximum training zones. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;88(1–2):50– 60Cormie P, McBride JM, McCaulley GO. Power-time, force-time, and velocity-time curve analysis of the countermovement jump: impact of training. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(1):177–86.Harris NK, Cronin JB, Hopkins WG, Hansen KT. Squat jump training at maximal power loads vs. heavy loads: effect on sprint ability. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):1742–9.Platonov, Bulatova. La preparación física. 2da. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 1995. 34 pDe Assis Ferreira S, Leme Goncalves V, Miarka B, Frenchini E. Postactivation potentiation: effect of various recovery intervals on brench press power performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(3):739–44.Bompa T. Entrenamiento de la potencia aplicado a los deportes. INDE, editor. Barcelona; 2004. 149 p.Haff GG, Whitley A. A brief review: explosive exercises and sports performance. Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2001;23(3):13–20.Herzog W, Haddou A. Mechanical muscle models and their application to force and power production. In: Paavo Komi, editor. Strength and power in sport. Inglaterra; 2003. p. 154– 83.González R, Molunero O, Martínez R, De Andrade A, Márquez S. La adaptación en el deporte y su relación con el sobreentrenamiento. CARM. 2006;6(1):81–98.Remiro Álvarez G, Da Silva Grigoletto M, García Manso J. La Halterofilia aplicada al deporte: Su enseñanza, uso y aplicación. Primera ed. Wanceulen S., editor. Sevilla; 2013. 70-79 p.Cuadrado Sáenz G, Pablos Abella C, García Manso J. Aspectos metodológicos y fisiológicos del trabajo de hipertrofia muscular. 1 edición. Wuanceulen, editor. Sevilla; 2006. 59-72 p.Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of transient muscle contractions and stretching on the tendon structures in vivo. Acta Physiol Scand. 2002;175(2):157–64Secomb JL, Lundgren LE, Farley ORL, Tran TT, Nimphius S, Sheppard JM. Relationships between lower-body muscle structure and lower-body strength, power, and muscle-tendon complex stiffness. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(8):2221–8.Rønnestad BR, Hansen EA, Raastad T. Effect of heavy strength training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area, performance determinants, and performance in well-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):965–75.Costanzo L. Fisiología. Cuarta edi. Elsevier, editor. España; 2011. 32-36 p.Schoenfeld BJ. Is there a minimum intensity threshold for resistance training-induced hypertrophic adaptations? Sport Med. 2013;43(12):1279–88Kraemer W, Spiering A. Crecimiento muscular. In: Association NS& C, editor. Entrenamiento de la fuerza. 2008. p. 29–44.Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1 - Biological basis of maximal power production. Sport Med. 2011;41(1):17–38.Cormie P, Mcguigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Part 2 Trainning considerations for improving maximal power production. Sport Med. 2011;41(2):125–46.Billat V. Fisiología y metodología del entrenamiento. De la teoría a la práctica. Paidotribo. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2001. 196 p.Basmajian J. Electrofisiología de la acción muscular. Panamericana, editor. Buenos Aires; 1976.Bunge M, Ardila R. Filosofía de la psicología. Ventiuno, editor. Barcelona; 2002. 160-165p.Platonov V, Bulatova M. La preparación física. 4th edició. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2001. 413 p.Ishihara A, Roy RR, Ohira Y, Edgerton VR. Motoneuron and sensory neuron plasticity to varying neuromuscular activity levels. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003;31(1):51–7.Baker D, Nance S. The relation between strength and Power in professionals rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13(3):224–9.McBride J, Triiplett-McBride T, Davie A, Newton RU. The effect of heavy- Vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. J Strength Cond Res. 2002;16(1):75.Ortiz Cervera V. Entrenamiento de fuerza y explosividad para la actividad física y el deporte de competición. 2da Ed. Inde, editor. España; 1999. 397 p.McNeely E, Sandler D. Entrenamiento pliométrico de la potencia. S.A T, editor. Madrid; 2010. 160 p.González J, Delgado M, Vaquero M, Contreras O. Modificaciones de la capacidad de salto en las pruebas del Test de Bosco tras la aplicación de un entrenamiento de fuerzas basado en el método de contraste entre sujetos de 50 a 70 años con diferentes niveles de actividad física. Rev Mot. 2002;9:191–207.Kraemer, W. J., y Fleck SJ. Optimizing strength training. Champaign. Kinetics H, editor. Illinois. Estados Unidos; 2010.Baker D, Nance S, Moore M. The load that maximizes the average mechanical power output during jump squats in power trained athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(1):92– 7.Leontijevic B, Pazin N, Bozic P, Kukolj M, Ugarkovic D, Jaric S. Effects of loading on maximum vertical jumps: selective effects of weight and inertia. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(2):286–93.Harris N, Cronin J, Hopkins W. Power outputs of a machine squat jump across a spectrum of loads. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1260–4.Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo JJ. Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2011;43(9):1725–34.Tran QT, Docherty D, Behm D. The effects of varying time under tension and volume load on acute neuromuscular responses. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;98(4):402–10.Izquierdo-Gabarren M, De Txabarri Expósito RG, De Villarreal ESS, Izquierdo M. Physiological factors to predict on traditional rowing performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(1):83–92.Gónzalez Badillo J, Izquierdo M, Gorsostiaga E. Moderate volumen of high relative trining intensity produces greaters strenght gains compared with low ans high volumes in comparative weightlifters. 2006;20(1):73–81.Fry A. The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fiber adaptation. Sport Med. 2004;34(10):663–9Cormie P, McCaulley GO, McBride JM. Power versus strength-power jump squat training. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007;(24):996–1003.Winchester JB, McBride JM, Maher MA, Mikat RP, Allen BK, Kline DE, et al. Eight weeks of ballistic exercise improves power independently of changes in strength and muscle fiber type expression. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):1728–34.De Villerreal ESS, Kellis E, Kraemer WJ, Izquierdo M. Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump heaight performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(2):495–506Boeckh-Behrens;W, Buskies W. Entrenamiento de la fuerza. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2005. 174 p.Bird SP, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. Designing resistance training programmes to enchance fitness: A review of the acute programme. Sport Med. 2005;35(10):841–51.Cronin J, Henderson M. Maximal strength and power assessment in novice weight trainers. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(1):48–52.Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Burkett LN, Ball SD. A meta-analysis to determine the dose response for strength development. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(3):456–64.Wolfe BL, LeMura LM, Cole PJ. Quantitative analysis of single- vs. multiple set programs in resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(1):35–47.Newton RU, Rogers RA, Volek JS, Häkkinen K, Kraemer WJ. Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(4):955–61.Roopchand-Martin S, Lue-Chin P. Plyometric training improves power and agility in Jamaica’s national netball team. West Indian Med J. 2010;59(2):182–7.Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K. Muscle hypertrophy, hormonal adaptations and strength development during strength training in strengthtrained and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(6):555–63.Sáez-Sáez E, González-Badillo JJ, Izquierdo M. Low and Moderate plyometric Training frequency produces greater jumping and sprinting gains compared with high frequency. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(3):715–25.Cometti G. La preparación física en el baloncesto. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2002. 231 p.Kawamori N, Newton RU. Velocity specificity of resistance training: actual movement velocity versus intention to move explosively. Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2006;28(2):86– 91.Zhelyazkov T. Bases del entrenamiento deportivo. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2001.Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Lander JE, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR, et al. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:1552–66.Hass CJ, Feigenbaum MS, Franklin BA. Prescription of resistance training for healthy populations. Sport Med. 2001;31(14):953–64.Kraemer W, Ratamess N, French D. Resistance training for health and performance. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002;1:165–71.Hernández YH, Garcia JM. Efectos de un entrenamiento específico de potencia aplicado a futbolistas juveniles para la mejora de la velocidad con cambio de dirección. Mot Eur J Hum Mov. 2013;31:17–36.Martínez-Majolero V, Balsalobre-Fernández C, Villacieros-Rodríguez J, Tejero-González CM a . Relationships between Vertical Jump and Mae-Geri Speed in International Class Karatekas Specialising in Kata. Apunt Educ física y Deport. 2013;4(114):58–64.Buitrago S, Wirtz N, Yue Z, Kleinoder H, Mester J. Mechanical load and physiological responses of four diferent resistence training methods in bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(4):1091–100.Iglesias Soler E, Carbelleira E, Sánchez Otero T, Mayo X, Jiménez A, Chapman M. Acute effects of distribution of rest between repetitions. Int J Sport Med. 2012;33:351–8Van Den Tillaar R, Ettema G. The " sticking period " in a maximum bench press. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(5):529–35.García Sánchez I, Requena Sánchez B. La repetición máxima en el ejercicio de sentadilla : procedimientos de medida y factores determinantes. Apunt Educ física y Deport. 2011;104:96–105.Van Den Tillaar R, Ettema G. The “sticking period” in a maximum bench press. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(5):529–35Schilling BK, Falvo MJ, Chiu LZF. Force-velocity, impulse-momentum relationships: Implications for efficacy of purposefully slow resistance training. J Sport Sci Med. 2008;7(2):299–304.Ayllón F, Santos Leyva J, Pantoja García D. Relación entre los parámetros de fuerza, potencia y velocidad, en jugadoras de softball. Kronos. 2004;3:13–20.Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Bronks R, Newton RU. Training-specific muscle architecture adaptation after 5-wk training in athletes. Med Sci Sport Exerc Sport Exerc. 2003;12(28):2013–22.Fielding RA, Lebrasseur NK, Cuoco A, Bean J, Mizer K, Fiatarone M. High-velocity resistance training increases skeletal muscle peak power in older women. Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(4):655–62.González-Badillo JJ, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Sánchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, ParejaBlanco F. Maximal intended velocity training induces greater gains in bench press performance than deliberately slower half-velocity training. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(8):772–81.Pareja-Blanco F, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Sánchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, GonzálezBadillo JJ. Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(11):916–24.Sánchez-Medina L, Pallarés J, Pérez C, Morán-Navarro R, González-Badillo J. Estimation of relative load from bar velocity in the full back squat exercise. Sport Med Int Open. 2017;1(2):E80–E88.Newton RU, Hakkinen K, Hakkinen A, McCormick M, Volek J, Kraemer WJ. Mixedmethods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(8):1367–75.Cotterman M, Darby L, Skelly W. Comparison of muscle force production using the smith machine and free weights for bench press and squat exercises. Strength Cond. 2005;19(1):169–79.Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. Journals Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(1):72– 7.Thomas GA, Kraemer WJ, Spiering BA, Volek JS, Anderson JM, Maresh CM. Maximal power at different percentages of one repetition maximum: Influence of resistance and gender. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):336–42Peterson MD, Alvar BA, Rhea MR. The contribution of maximal force production to explosive movement among young collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(4):867–73.Borley NR, Standring S, Gray H. Gray’s anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th ed. Edinburgh, editor. Churchill Livingstone; 2008. 1825-1861 p.Izquierdo M, Häkkinen K, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Ibáñez J, Gorostiaga EM. Effects of longterm training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(3):264–71.McBride JM, Triplett-McBride T, Davie AJ, Abernethy PJ, Newton RU. Characteristics of titin in strength and power athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;88(6):553–7.Baker DG, Newton RU. Adaptations in upper‐body maximal strength and power output resulting from long-term resistance training in experienced strength-power athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):541–6.Rábade Espinosa JJ, Valverde Esteve T, Pablos Monzó A, Pablos Abella C, Carratalá Deval V. Body composition, bone status and quality of life in older people involved in a municipal program of physical activity and health. J Phys Educ Sport. 2015;15(4):705–11Bermejo Frutos J, López Elvira JL, Palao Andres JM. Diferencias de género en salto de ltura según ctegorías de edad. Apunt Educ Física y Deport. 2013;111:62–9.Driss T, Vandewalle H. Review Article The Measurement of Maximal ( Anaerobic ) Power Output on a Cycle Ergometer : A Critical Review. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:1– 40.Bracco D, Thiébaud D, Chioléro RL, Landry M, Burckhardt P, Schutz Y. Segmental body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and DEXA in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81(6):2580–7.Moreira OC, Alonso-Aubin DA, De Oliveira CEP, Candia-Luján R, De Paz JA. Métodos de evaluación de la composición corporal: Una revisión actualizada de descripción, aplicación, ventajas y desventajas. Arch Med del Deport. 2015;32(6):387–94.Lustgarten MS, Fielding RA. Assessment of analytical methods used to measure changes in body composition in the elderly and recommendations for their use in phase II clinical trials. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(5):368–75.Glickman SG, Marn C, Supiano M, Dengel D. Validity and reliability of dual-energy Xray absorptiometry for the assessment of abdominal adiposity. J Appl Physiol. 2004;97(2):509–14.Kohrt W. Preliminary evidence that DEXA provides an accurate assessment of body composition. Am Physiol Soc. 1988;84(1):372–7.Earle RW, Baechle TR. Manual NSCA: Fundamentos del entrenamiento personal. Paidotribo, editor. Barcelona; 2008.Carmona Dalmases G, González-Haro C. Análisis de la capacidad de aceleración en mujeres atletas de modalidades de velocidad. Apunt Educ Física y Deport. 2012;(107):69– 77.Balsalobre-Fernández C, Del Campo-Vecino J, Tejero-González CM, Alonso-Curiel D. Relationship Between Peak Power, Maximum Strength, Vertical Jump and 30 Metres Sprint in High Performance 400 Metres Athletes. Apunt Educ Física y Deport. 2012;(108):63–9.Jiménez-Reyes P, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, González-Badillo JJ. Analysis of Variables Measured in Vertical Jump Related to Athletic Performance and its Application to Training. Cult Cienc y Deport. 2011;6(17):113–9.Tejada Otero C. Correlación entre la potencia en miembros inferiores ( altura de despegue del salto ) medida con protocolo de Bosco y la velocidad frecuencial ( medida con el test de 30 y 60 metros planos ) de la selección Colombia femenina y masculina de ultimate frisbe. Rev Educ Física. 2013;2(1):149.Komi P, Linnamo V, Silventoinen P, Sillanpaa M. Force and EMG power spectrum during eccentric and concentric actions. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2000;32(10):1757–62.Zajac A, Jarzabek R, Waskiewicz Z. The diagnostic value of the 10− and 30-second wingate test for competitive athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13(1):16–9.Guilherme L, Denadai B. Sensibilidad del Test de Wingate para las adaptaciones determinadas por el entrenamiento de carreras. Apunt Med l’Esport. 1997;33(127):13–6.Clark NW, Wagner DR, Heath EM. Influence of Velotron chainring size on Wingate anaerobic test. J Sci Med Sport [Internet]. 2018;21(2):202–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.026Nacleiro Ayllón F, Figueroa Alchapar J. Determinación de los niveles de fuerza máxima, velocidad y potencia por medio de un test creciente de pres de banca plano en levantadores españoles. Eur J Hum Mov. 2006;(15).Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(2):123–9.Pareja-Blanco F, Rodr_ıguez-Rosell D, S_anchez-Medina L, Ribas-Serna J, L_opezL_opez C, Mora-Custodio R, et al. Acute and delayed response to resistance exercise leading or not leading to muscle failure. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017;37(6):630–9.Kohler R, Rundell K, Evans T, Levine A. Peak power during repeated Wingate trials: Implications for testing. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(2):1–5.Jiménez-Reyes P, Pareja-Blanco F, Balsalobre-Fernández C, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Ortega-Becerra MA, González-Badillo JJ. Jump-squat performance and its relationship with relative training intensity in high-level athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(8):1036–40.González-Badillo JJ, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Sánchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, ParejaBlanco F. Formación máxima velocidad prevista induce mayores ganancias en el rendimiento press de banca que el entrenamiento de media velocidad deliberadamente lento. Rev Eur Ciencias del Deport. 2014;14(8):772–81.Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo J, Pérez CE, Pallarés JG. Velocity- and power-load relationships of the bench pull vs Bench press exercises. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(3):209–16.Crewther B, Keogh J, Cronin J, Cook C. Possible stimuli for strength and power adaptation: acute hormonal responses. Sports Med. 2005;35(11):967–89.Asencio CG, Moreno MS, Badillo JJG. Entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y ejercicios de saltos, efectos sobre el rendimiento en el salto vertical en un grupo de alto nivel de jugadores de voleibol durante una temporada completa de competición. Redalyc. 2015;29(1):140–3.Ferragut C, Cortadellas J, Arteaga R, Calbet J. Predicción de la altura de salto vertical: importancia del impulso mecánico y de la masa muscular de las extremidades inferiores. Rev Mot. 2003;10(January):7–22.Costa Moreira O, De Patrocínio Oliveira CE, Candia-Luján R, Romero-Pérez EM, de Paz Fernandez JA. Métodos de evaluación de la masa muscular: Una revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorios. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(3):977–85.Rodríguez Rodríguez FJ, González Fuenzalida HI, Cordero Ortiz JL, Lagos Nieto S, Aguilera Tapia RA, Barraza Gómez FO. Estimación y Comparación de la Masa Muscular por Segmento, en Deportistas Juveniles Chilenos. Int J Morphol. 2014;32(2):703–8.Sanchis-Moysi J. Physical fitness; research findings from University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria update understanding of physical fitness. Obesity, Fit Wellness Week. 2012;1970.Eklund E, Berglund B, Labrie F, Carlström K, Ekström L, Hirschberg AL. Serum androgen profile and physical performance in women Olympic athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(17):1301–8.Sargent C, Gebruers C, O’Mahony J. A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring. Mil Med Res. 2017;4(1):1–29Bilsborough J, Greenway K, Opar D, Livingstone S, Cordy J, Bird S, et al. Comparison of anthropometry,upper-body strength, and lower-body power characteristics in different levels of australian football players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(3):826–34Gonzalez-Rave JM, Arija A, Clemente-Suarez V. Seasonal changes in jump performance and body composition in women volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(6):1492–501Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR, Alvarez-Alvarez L, De Paz JA. Muscle damage responses and adaptations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(5):1075–84.Alvero Cruz Jr, Correas Gomez L, Ronconi M, Fernandez Vazquez R, Porta J. La bioimpedancia electrica como metodo de estimacion de la composicion corporal: normas practicas de utilización. Rev Andal Med Deport Rev Andal Med Deport. 2011;4(4):167– 74.Queiroga MR, Cavazzotto TG, Katayama KY, Portela BS, Tartaruga MP, Ferreira SA. Validity of the RAST for evaluating anaerobic power performance as compared to wingate test in cycling athletes. Motriz Rev Educ Fis. 2013;19(4):696–702.Madrid B, Pardono E, Farias DL, Asano RY, Silva RJS, Simoes HG. Reliability of the Wingate anaerobic test in cyclists. Motricidade. 2013;9(4):40.González Y, D M. Predicción del tiempo en la prueba de 300 metros en patinadores juveniles de rendimiento. Rev UDCA. 2017;20(2):247–53.Çakir-Atabek H. Relationship between anaerobic power , vertical jump and aerobic performance in adolescent track and field athletes. J Phys Educ Sport. 2014;14(4):643–8.Kin-Isler A, Ariburun B, Ozkan A, Aytar A, Tandogan R. The relationship between anaerobic performance, muscle strength and sprint ability in American football players. Isokinet Exerc …. 2008;16(2):87–92.Van Roie E, Bautmans I, Boonen S, Coudyzer W, Kennis E, Celecluse C. Impact of external resistance and maximal effort on force-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors during strengthening exercise:arandomized controlled experiment. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(4):1118–27.Gómez-Carmona C, Bastida-Castillo A, Pino-Ortega J. Efecto agudo de la variación de cargas sobre la velocidad media propulsiva en press de banca y sentadilla. J Sport Sci. 2017;13(2):85–94.Banyard HG, Nosaka K, Vernon AD, Haff GG. The Reliability of Individualized LoadVelocity Profiles. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;13(6):763–9Sayers SP, Gibson K. A comparison of high-speed power training and slow speed resistance training in older men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(12):3369–80.PublicationORIGINALTrabajo de grado Natalia Rincón.pdfTrabajo de grado Natalia Rincón.pdfapplication/pdf2071264https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/b2961681-cdd1-49df-8e06-d31943753315/downloadf98e5cc63c21543596c62f102397cc09MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814775https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/e6ddd140-459e-402b-a9eb-9b1f4a397155/downloadf661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751MD52TEXTTrabajo de grado Natalia Rincón.pdf.txtTrabajo de grado Natalia Rincón.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain276578https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/c2147ea2-865e-4091-9424-adc5055d5848/downloadd73ab3716c3a8f694ee8bbe4d16b87f2MD53THUMBNAILTrabajo de grado Natalia Rincón.pdf.jpgTrabajo de grado Natalia Rincón.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2959https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/fee01097-4080-4d64-afaa-c022fb55cd6c/downloada19dfe190091129fc9934a406a161f56MD5411158/1799oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/17992024-05-09 14:21:33.571https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientalesopen.accesshttps://repository.udca.edu.coRepositorio - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA.bdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |