Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical

In recent years, constructed wetlands have been widely used for the purification of wastewater, representing an alternative method that offers multiple advantages when compared to other treatment systems. The present study assessed the efficiency of six horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland...

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Autores:
Jimenez Cerón, Yina F.
Delgado Calvache, Laura I.
Fernández Tulande, Carolina
Pino Alegría, Huber M.
Casas Zapata, Juan C.
Madera Parra, Carlos A.
Lara Borrero, Jaime A.
Morató Farreras, Jordi
Rengifo Canizales, Edwin
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2018
Institución:
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UDCA
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/1555
Acceso en línea:
https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/971
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.979
Palabra clave:
Materia orgánica
Nutrientes
Plomo
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
Materia orgánica
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2018
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Treatment of leachate using constructed wetlands and determination of hydraulic conductivities in a tropical climate
title Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
spellingShingle Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
Materia orgánica
Nutrientes
Plomo
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
Materia orgánica
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
title_short Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
title_full Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
title_fullStr Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
title_full_unstemmed Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
title_sort Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropical
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Jimenez Cerón, Yina F.
Delgado Calvache, Laura I.
Fernández Tulande, Carolina
Pino Alegría, Huber M.
Casas Zapata, Juan C.
Madera Parra, Carlos A.
Lara Borrero, Jaime A.
Morató Farreras, Jordi
Rengifo Canizales, Edwin
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Jimenez Cerón, Yina F.
Delgado Calvache, Laura I.
Fernández Tulande, Carolina
Pino Alegría, Huber M.
Casas Zapata, Juan C.
Madera Parra, Carlos A.
Lara Borrero, Jaime A.
Morató Farreras, Jordi
Rengifo Canizales, Edwin
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Materia orgánica
Nutrientes
Plomo
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
topic Materia orgánica
Nutrientes
Plomo
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
Materia orgánica
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Materia orgánica
Heliconia psittacorum
Cyperus haspan
description In recent years, constructed wetlands have been widely used for the purification of wastewater, representing an alternative method that offers multiple advantages when compared to other treatment systems. The present study assessed the efficiency of six horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW) at pilot scale for the removal of organic matter (COD), nutrients (N-NO3-, P-PO43-) and lead (Pb2+). The study also looked at the operating time on hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to treat leachate from the “El Ojito” Sanitary Landfill in the municipality of Popayán, Cauca. Three wetlands were planted with Heliconia psittacorum (HSSFCW-H. p), and three with Cyperus haspan (HSSFCW-C. h). The support medium used was gravel. They were operated at a flow of 0.012m3/day, and a hydraulic retention time of 4 days. The units received effluent from the oxidation pond. The results showed mean removals of COD (51.67 and 64.00%), N-NO3- (45.33 and 48.17%), P-PO43- (53.67 and 62.67%) and Pb+2 (5.74 and 14.75%) for HSSFCW-H. p and HSSFCW-C. h respectively. Hydraulic conductivity values were between 700 and 1000m/day. The wetland system proved to be efficient for the secondary treatment of leachate from mature landfills, obtaining removal efficiencies significantly higher in HSSFCW-C. h.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2018-07
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-06-13T16:17:17Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-06-13T16:17:17Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.979
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url https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/971
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.979
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jul.-Dic. 2018). -- páginas 543-552
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Agricultura
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2018
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spelling Jimenez Cerón, Yina F.Delgado Calvache, Laura I.Fernández Tulande, CarolinaPino Alegría, Huber M.Casas Zapata, Juan C.Madera Parra, Carlos A.Lara Borrero, Jaime A.Morató Farreras, JordiRengifo Canizales, Edwin2019-06-13T16:17:17Z2019-06-13T16:17:17Z2018-070123-4226https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/971https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.979307380In recent years, constructed wetlands have been widely used for the purification of wastewater, representing an alternative method that offers multiple advantages when compared to other treatment systems. The present study assessed the efficiency of six horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW) at pilot scale for the removal of organic matter (COD), nutrients (N-NO3-, P-PO43-) and lead (Pb2+). The study also looked at the operating time on hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to treat leachate from the “El Ojito” Sanitary Landfill in the municipality of Popayán, Cauca. Three wetlands were planted with Heliconia psittacorum (HSSFCW-H. p), and three with Cyperus haspan (HSSFCW-C. h). The support medium used was gravel. They were operated at a flow of 0.012m3/day, and a hydraulic retention time of 4 days. The units received effluent from the oxidation pond. The results showed mean removals of COD (51.67 and 64.00%), N-NO3- (45.33 and 48.17%), P-PO43- (53.67 and 62.67%) and Pb+2 (5.74 and 14.75%) for HSSFCW-H. p and HSSFCW-C. h respectively. Hydraulic conductivity values were between 700 and 1000m/day. The wetland system proved to be efficient for the secondary treatment of leachate from mature landfills, obtaining removal efficiencies significantly higher in HSSFCW-C. h.Los humedales construidos en los últimos años han sido ampliamente usados en la depuración de una gran variedad de aguas residuales, por ser una alternativa que ofrece múltiples ventajas, en comparación con otros sistemas de tratamiento. Este estudio evaluó la eficiencia de seis sistemas de humedales, construidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal (HCFSSH), a escala piloto, para la remoción de materia orgánica (DQO), nutrientes (N-NO3-, P-PO43-) y plomo (Pb+2), además de la incidencia del tiempo de operación sobre la conductividad hidráulica (Ks) para tratar lixiviados del Relleno Sanitario “El Ojito”, del municipio de Popayán, Cauca. Tres humedales fueron plantados con Heliconia psittacorum (HCFSSH-H. p) y tres con Cyperus haspan (HCFSSH-C. h); el medio de soporte utilizado fue grava, operados con un caudal de 0.012m3/día y un tiempo de retención hidráulico de 4 días; las unidades recibieron efluente de una laguna de oxidación. Los resultados mostraron remociones medias de: DQO (51,67 y 64,00%), N-NO3- (45,33 y 48,17%), P-PO43- (53,67 y 62,67%) y Pb+2 (5,74 y 14,75%) para los HCFSSH-H. p y HCFSSH-C. h, respectivamente y valores de conductividad hidráulica, entre 700 y 1000m/día. El sistema de humedales mostró ser eficiente para el tratamiento secundario de lixiviado de rellenos sanitarios maduros, obteniendo eficiencias de remoción, significativamente mayores, en los HCFSSH-C. h.Incluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2018Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jul.-Dic. 2018). -- páginas 543-552AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2018https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Tratamiento de lixiviados utilizando humedales construidos y determinación de conductividades hidráulicas en clima tropicalTreatment of leachate using constructed wetlands and determination of hydraulic conductivities in a tropical climateArtículo de 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 nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

