Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health

A contaminação química do abastecimento da água causada por atividades antrópicas pode causar efeitos adversos à saúde. O presente estudo propõe determinar a presença de metais tóxicos, substâncias orgânicas, pesticidas e trihalometanos dos sistemas de abastecimento da cidade de Ibague, Colômbia. Fo...

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Autores:
Guzmán Barragán, Blanca Lisseth
González Rivillas, Manuel Alejandro
Cuero Villegas, Manuel Salvador
Olivar Medina, José David
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UDCA
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/3699
Acceso en línea:
https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ambiagua/v15n2/1980-993X-ambiagua-15-02-e2477.pdf
Palabra clave:
Metilmercurio
Environmental health
Mercury
Pesticides
Trihalomethanes
Water contamination
Mercurio
Plaguicidas
Polución del agua
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Presença de pesticidas, mercúrio e trialometanos na água para consumo humano em ibagué, Colômbia: Ameaças à saúde humana
title Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
spellingShingle Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
Metilmercurio
Environmental health
Mercury
Pesticides
Trihalomethanes
Water contamination
Mercurio
Plaguicidas
Polución del agua
title_short Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
title_full Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
title_fullStr Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
title_full_unstemmed Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
title_sort Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human health
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Guzmán Barragán, Blanca Lisseth
González Rivillas, Manuel Alejandro
Cuero Villegas, Manuel Salvador
Olivar Medina, José David
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Guzmán Barragán, Blanca Lisseth
González Rivillas, Manuel Alejandro
Cuero Villegas, Manuel Salvador
Olivar Medina, José David
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Metilmercurio
topic Metilmercurio
Environmental health
Mercury
Pesticides
Trihalomethanes
Water contamination
Mercurio
Plaguicidas
Polución del agua
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Environmental health
Mercury
Pesticides
Trihalomethanes
Water contamination
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Mercurio
Plaguicidas
Polución del agua
description A contaminação química do abastecimento da água causada por atividades antrópicas pode causar efeitos adversos à saúde. O presente estudo propõe determinar a presença de metais tóxicos, substâncias orgânicas, pesticidas e trihalometanos dos sistemas de abastecimento da cidade de Ibague, Colômbia. Foram caracterizadas as atividades econômicas e sanitárias presentes em 25 fontes de água superficial de 32 sistemas de abastecimento de água da área urbana do município. Se coletaram 25 amostras de água das fontes superficiais de água e 35 amostras do sistema de abastecimento de água para identificação de pesticidas (carbamatos, organoclorados, organofosforados), mercúrio, arsênico, cianeto, chumbo, cádmio, antimônio, cobalto, selênio. prata, níquel e hidrocarbonetos. A presença de trihalometanos foi avaliada no pós-tratamento. No total, 775 atividades econômicas e sanitárias foram detectadas nas fontes de água superficial do sistema de abastecimento de água, destacando o impacto dos assentamentos humanos, das atividades agrícolas e turísticas nas fontes de água. Pesticidas organoclorados (0,009-0,109 mg / L), mercúrio (0,001-0,004 mg / L) foram identificados no sistema de abastecimento de água em concentrações superiores às permitidas pelos regulamentos. Concentrações de trihalometanos (0,064-1,260 mg / L) foram detectadas em 68,7% do sistema de abastecimento de água com tratamento. A presença de contaminantes químicos ocorre principalmente no abastecimento de água comunitaria de baixa complexidade com alta afetação antrópica. É necessário fortalecer a avaliação de perigos e riscos pela vigilância sanitária, bem como a intervenção intersetorial para a proteção de fontes de água e o aprimoramento das tecnologias de tratamento de água.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-11-13T22:19:31Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-11-13T22:19:31Z
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Barragán, B. L. G., Rivillas, M. A. G., Villegas, M. S. C., & Medina, J. D. O. (2020). Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, colombia: Threats to human health. [Presença de pesticidas, mercúrio e trialometanos na água para consumo humano em ibagué, Colômbia: Ameaças à saúde humana] Revista Ambiente e Agua, 15(2), 1-11. doi:10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2477
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ambiagua/v15n2/1980-993X-ambiagua-15-02-e2477.pdf
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2477
identifier_str_mv Barragán, B. L. G., Rivillas, M. A. G., Villegas, M. S. C., & Medina, J. D. O. (2020). Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, colombia: Threats to human health. [Presença de pesticidas, mercúrio e trialometanos na água para consumo humano em ibagué, Colômbia: Ameaças à saúde humana] Revista Ambiente e Agua, 15(2), 1-11. doi:10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2477
10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2477
url https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ambiagua/v15n2/1980-993X-ambiagua-15-02-e2477.pdf
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Ambiente e Agua;Vol. 15, No. 2, 2020, páginas 1-11 Artículo número e2477
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Agricultura
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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spelling Guzmán Barragán, Blanca LissethGonzález Rivillas, Manuel AlejandroCuero Villegas, Manuel SalvadorOlivar Medina, José DavidColombia2020-11-13T22:19:31Z2020-11-13T22:19:31Z2020Barragán, B. L. G., Rivillas, M. A. G., Villegas, M. S. C., & Medina, J. D. O. (2020). Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, colombia: Threats to human health. [Presença de pesticidas, mercúrio e trialometanos na água para consumo humano em ibagué, Colômbia: Ameaças à saúde humana] Revista Ambiente e Agua, 15(2), 1-11. doi:10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2477https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ambiagua/v15n2/1980-993X-ambiagua-15-02-e2477.pdf10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2477A contaminação química do abastecimento da água causada por atividades antrópicas pode causar efeitos adversos à saúde. O presente estudo propõe determinar a presença de metais tóxicos, substâncias orgânicas, pesticidas e trihalometanos dos sistemas de abastecimento da cidade de Ibague, Colômbia. Foram caracterizadas as atividades econômicas e sanitárias presentes em 25 fontes de água superficial de 32 sistemas de abastecimento de água da área urbana do município. Se coletaram 25 amostras de água das fontes superficiais de água e 35 amostras do sistema de abastecimento de água para identificação de pesticidas (carbamatos, organoclorados, organofosforados), mercúrio, arsênico, cianeto, chumbo, cádmio, antimônio, cobalto, selênio. prata, níquel e hidrocarbonetos. A presença de trihalometanos foi avaliada no pós-tratamento. No total, 775 atividades econômicas e sanitárias foram detectadas nas fontes de água superficial do sistema de abastecimento de água, destacando o impacto dos assentamentos humanos, das atividades agrícolas e turísticas nas fontes de água. Pesticidas organoclorados (0,009-0,109 mg / L), mercúrio (0,001-0,004 mg / L) foram identificados no sistema de abastecimento de água em concentrações superiores às permitidas pelos regulamentos. Concentrações de trihalometanos (0,064-1,260 mg / L) foram detectadas em 68,7% do sistema de abastecimento de água com tratamento. A presença de contaminantes químicos ocorre principalmente no abastecimento de água comunitaria de baixa complexidade com alta afetação antrópica. É necessário fortalecer a avaliação de perigos e riscos pela vigilância sanitária, bem como a intervenção intersetorial para a proteção de fontes de água e o aprimoramento das tecnologias de tratamento de água.Chemical contamination of the water supply system caused by anthropic activities can cause adverse health effects. This study determined the presence of toxic metals, organic substances, pesticides and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of the urban area of Ibague City. The economic and sanitary activities located in the 25 surface streams of the 32 water supply systems of the municipality were characterized. A total of 25 water samples were taken from the surface streams, and 35 samples in the water network of each drinking water service provider for the identification of pesticides (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphorus), mercury, arsenic, cyanide, lead, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, selenium, silver, nickel and hydrocarbons. The presence of trihalomethanes was sampled after the treatment process given. A total of 775 economic and sanitary activities were detected in the surface streams of the water supply systems, highlighting the human settlements, agricultural and tourist activities impact on the water sources. Organochlorine pesticides (0.009-0.109 mg/L), mercury (0.001-0.004 mg/L) were identified in the water supply system in concentrations higher than those permitted by local regulation. Concentrations of trihalomethanes (0.064-1.260 mg/L) were detected in 68.7% of the water supply systems with treatment. The presence of chemical contaminants occurs mainly in communities with water supply systems of low complexity with high anthropic affectation. It is necessary to strengthen the assessment of hazards and risk by health surveillance, as well as intersectoral intervention for the protection of water sources and the improvement of water treatment technologies.application/pdfengRevista Ambiente e Agua;Vol. 15, No. 2, 2020, páginas 1-11 Artículo número e2477AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://www.scopus.com/search/form.uri?display=basichttps://www.scielo.br/pdf/ambiagua/v15n2/1980-993X-ambiagua-15-02-e2477.pdfMetilmercurioEnvironmental healthMercuryPesticidesTrihalomethanesWater contaminationMercurioPlaguicidasPolución del aguaPresence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of ibagué, Colombia: Threats to human healthPresença de pesticidas, mercúrio e trialometanos na água para consumo humano em ibagué, Colômbia: Ameaças à saúde humanaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85PublicationORIGINALPresence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes.pdfPresence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes.pdfapplication/pdf216827https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/bb94f35a-b8f4-4d05-9167-82e7318051d8/downloadace374226d3c4a302642ee9d46a80ea9MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814775https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/10002b70-2400-4d6b-b415-30b6a6d93676/downloadf661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751MD52TEXTPresence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes.pdf.txtPresence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes.pdf.txtExtracted 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en las Obras Colectivas;
b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda;
c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas.Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).
4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:
a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).
b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.
c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

