Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress

High salinity in the root zone affects the growth of many plant species. soil salinity can lead to reduced emergence and low growth of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of banana passion fruit (P. tripartitavar. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) seedlings under saline...

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Autores:
Casierra Posada, Fánor
Peña Olmos, Jaime E.
Tejedor, Edwin
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Institución:
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UDCA
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/2139
Acceso en línea:
https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/754
Palabra clave:
Salinity
Dry matter
Leaf area
Passiflora tripartita
Salinidad
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Crecimiento de plántulas de curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) bajo estrés salino
title Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
spellingShingle Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
Salinity
Dry matter
Leaf area
Passiflora tripartita
Salinidad
title_short Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
title_full Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
title_fullStr Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
title_full_unstemmed Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
title_sort Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stress
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Casierra Posada, Fánor
Peña Olmos, Jaime E.
Tejedor, Edwin
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Casierra Posada, Fánor
Peña Olmos, Jaime E.
Tejedor, Edwin
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Salinity
Dry matter
Leaf area
topic Salinity
Dry matter
Leaf area
Passiflora tripartita
Salinidad
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Passiflora tripartita
Salinidad
description High salinity in the root zone affects the growth of many plant species. soil salinity can lead to reduced emergence and low growth of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of banana passion fruit (P. tripartitavar. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) seedlings under saline stress. The salinity effect on growth and dry matter (DM) production of banana passionfruit seedlings was evaluated under greenhouse conditions at Tunja / Colombia. Plantlets were grown in plastic bags filled with soil and 0; 20; 40 and 80mM NaCl were added to the soil, which induced the following different electrical conductivity levels: 0.70; 2.38; 3.47 and 5.49 ds m-1 respectively. salt was added gradually to the soil, up to the mentioned concentration. Results indicate significant differences among treatments. Plants of the control treatment without salt had higher number of leaves, total stem + shoot length, specific leaf weight, leaf area and DM in relation to salt treated plants. Leaf area and DM production were drastically reduced by salinity, especially by 80mM NaCl. The DM partitioning was also affected by salinity, reducing dry matter accumulation in leaves and increasing the DM in petioles + stems + shoots and roots. The findings from the study indicate that banana passionfruit seedlings are moderately sensitive to salt stress.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2011-01
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-09-17T15:33:16Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-09-17T15:33:16Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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url https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/754
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 14, No. 1 (Ene.-Jun. 2011). -- páginas 31-38
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Agricultura
Agricultura
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.coverage.spatial.spa.fl_str_mv Tunja (Colombia)
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2011
institution Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
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spelling Casierra Posada, FánorPeña Olmos, Jaime E.Tejedor, EdwinTunja (Colombia)2019-09-17T15:33:16Z2019-09-17T15:33:16Z2011-010123-4226https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/754305292High salinity in the root zone affects the growth of many plant species. soil salinity can lead to reduced emergence and low growth of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of banana passion fruit (P. tripartitavar. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) seedlings under saline stress. The salinity effect on growth and dry matter (DM) production of banana passionfruit seedlings was evaluated under greenhouse conditions at Tunja / Colombia. Plantlets were grown in plastic bags filled with soil and 0; 20; 40 and 80mM NaCl were added to the soil, which induced the following different electrical conductivity levels: 0.70; 2.38; 3.47 and 5.49 ds m-1 respectively. salt was added gradually to the soil, up to the mentioned concentration. Results indicate significant differences among treatments. Plants of the control treatment without salt had higher number of leaves, total stem + shoot length, specific leaf weight, leaf area and DM in relation to salt treated plants. Leaf area and DM production were drastically reduced by salinity, especially by 80mM NaCl. The DM partitioning was also affected by salinity, reducing dry matter accumulation in leaves and increasing the DM in petioles + stems + shoots and roots. The findings from the study indicate that banana passionfruit seedlings are moderately sensitive to salt stress.Las altas concentraciones de sales en la zona cercana a la raíz afectan el crecimiento de muchas especies de plantas. La salinidad en el suelo conduce a la reducción de la emergencia de plántulas y además ocasiona un crecimiento pobre de las mismas. El efecto de la salinidad sobre el crecimiento y producción de materia seca (Ms) en plántulas de curuba fue evaluado bajo condiciones de invernadero en Tunja / Colombia. Las plántulas crecieron en bolsas plásticas con suelo en el que se adicionó NaCl en diferentes concentraciones; 0; 20; 40 y 80mM, las cuales indujeron diferentes niveles de conductividad eléctrica: 0,70; 2,38; 3,47 y 5,49 ds m-1 respectivamente. La aplicación de sal al suelo, se realizó de forma gradual hasta llegar a la concentración indicada en cada tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Las plantas del tratamiento control tuvieron un mayor número de hojas, longitud total de tallos y ramas, peso específico de las hojas, área foliar y Ms con relación a las plantas tratadas con sal. El área foliar y la producción de Ms se vio fuertemente reducida por la salinidad, especialmente en el tratamiento con 80 mM de NaCl. La distribución de Ms también se vio afectada por la salinidad, de tal forma que se redujo acumulación de Ms en las hojas e incrementó en los tallos, las ramas y las raíces. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las plántulas de curuba son moderadamente sensibles al estrés salino.Incluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2011Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 14, No. 1 (Ene.-Jun. 2011). -- páginas 31-38AgriculturaAgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Growth of banana passionfruit seedlings (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) under saline stressCrecimiento de plántulas de curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) L. H. Bailey) bajo estrés salinoArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85SalinityDry matterLeaf areaPassiflora tripartitaSalinidadPublicationORIGINAL754-Texto del artículo-2240-1-10-20180830.pdf754-Texto del artículo-2240-1-10-20180830.pdfapplication/pdf420548https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/c818a573-858d-434e-9df3-e829ad76a8ab/download5fc2de73ab4d026e4086032bd20ba486MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814775https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/c6df6a48-09df-45c7-8d05-b4a15ecb3be3/downloadf661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751MD52TEXT754-Texto del artículo-2240-1-10-20180830.pdf.txt754-Texto del artículo-2240-1-10-20180830.pdf.txtExtracted 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en las Obras Colectivas;
b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda;
c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas.Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).
4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:
a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).
b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.
c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

