Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia
In Colombia, ichthyozoonoses caused by helminths are little studied and remain neglected by the public health sector, representing an interaction to be explored regarding biodiversity and health. Caquetia kraussii is a native fish of Colombia and Venezuela that is economically important due to its h...
- Autores:
-
Gómez Ruiz, Daisy Alejandra
Lenis, Carolina
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/5741
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/5741
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.2386
https://repository.udca.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- 590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos
Caquetia kraussii
Parásitos de cíclidos
Helmintos
Peces de agua dulce
Trematoda
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode.es
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Tremátodos y acantocéfalos asociados a mojarra amarilla (Caquetaia kraussii) en un sistema de laguna costera, San Onofre, Colombia |
title |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
spellingShingle |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia 590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos Caquetia kraussii Parásitos de cíclidos Helmintos Peces de agua dulce Trematoda |
title_short |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
title_full |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
title_fullStr |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
title_sort |
Trematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, Colombia |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gómez Ruiz, Daisy Alejandra Lenis, Carolina |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gómez Ruiz, Daisy Alejandra Lenis, Carolina |
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos |
topic |
590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos Caquetia kraussii Parásitos de cíclidos Helmintos Peces de agua dulce Trematoda |
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Caquetia kraussii Parásitos de cíclidos |
dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Helmintos Peces de agua dulce Trematoda |
description |
In Colombia, ichthyozoonoses caused by helminths are little studied and remain neglected by the public health sector, representing an interaction to be explored regarding biodiversity and health. Caquetia kraussii is a native fish of Colombia and Venezuela that is economically important due to its high consumption by local communities. This research records the fauna of parasitic helminths associated with C. kraussii in a coastal lagoon system in the Colombian Caribbean. Thirty-two specimens of C. kraussii were captured and inspected in February and December 2020, resulting in the collection of 242 helminths at the metacercariae stage and adults. Parasites included metacercaria of the trematodes Clinostomum sp., Austrodiplostomum sp., two forms of Posthodiplostomum and adults of Oligogonotylus andinus, and adults of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus sp. These results indicate that C. kraussii acts as a definitive host for O. andinus and Neoechinorhynchus sp., and as an intermediate host for Clinostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum spp. and Austrodiplostomumsp. This research reports for the second time a population of O. andinus in Colombia and the occurrence of a morphoespecies of the genus Neoechinorhynchus that could constitute a new record for Colombia. In addition to contributing to the knowledge of the diversity of fish-associated helminths, the results of this research will make it possible to generate recommendations for the management and control of helminthiasis in artificial fish farming systems that are supplied by natural tributaries, and favor the establishment of hosts and parasites |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-05-27T15:31:16Z |
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2024-05-27T15:31:16Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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Gómez-Ruíz, D. A., & Lenis, C. (2024). Tremátodos y acantocéfalos asociados a mojarra amarilla (Caquetaia kraussii) en un sistema de laguna costera, San Onofre, Colombia. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.2386 |
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0123-4226 |
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https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/5741 |
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https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.2386 |
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2619-2551 |
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Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales |
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UDCA |
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https://repository.udca.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Gómez-Ruíz, D. A., & Lenis, C. (2024). Tremátodos y acantocéfalos asociados a mojarra amarilla (Caquetaia kraussii) en un sistema de laguna costera, San Onofre, Colombia. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.2386 0123-4226 2619-2551 Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA |
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https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/5741 https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.2386 https://repository.udca.edu.co/ |
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eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.citationedition.none.fl_str_mv |
(Ene.-Jun., 2024) e2386 |
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10 |
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27 |
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Gómez Ruiz, Daisy Alejandravirtual::33-1Lenis, Carolinavirtual::34-12024-05-27T15:31:16Z2024-05-27T15:31:16Z2024-01Gómez-Ruíz, D. A., & Lenis, C. (2024). Tremátodos y acantocéfalos asociados a mojarra amarilla (Caquetaia kraussii) en un sistema de laguna costera, San Onofre, Colombia. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.23860123-4226https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/5741https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v27.n1.2024.23862619-2551Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y AmbientalesUDCAhttps://repository.udca.edu.co/In Colombia, ichthyozoonoses caused by helminths are little studied and remain neglected by the public health sector, representing an interaction to be explored regarding biodiversity and health. Caquetia kraussii is a native fish of Colombia and Venezuela that is economically important due to its high consumption by local communities. This research records the fauna of parasitic helminths associated with C. kraussii in a coastal lagoon system in the Colombian Caribbean. Thirty-two specimens of C. kraussii were captured and inspected in February and December 2020, resulting in the collection of 242 helminths at the metacercariae stage and adults. Parasites included metacercaria of the trematodes Clinostomum sp., Austrodiplostomum sp., two forms of Posthodiplostomum and adults of Oligogonotylus andinus, and adults of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus sp. These results indicate that C. kraussii acts as a definitive host for O. andinus and Neoechinorhynchus sp., and as an intermediate host for Clinostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum spp. and Austrodiplostomumsp. This research reports for the second time a population of O. andinus in Colombia and the occurrence of a morphoespecies of the genus Neoechinorhynchus that could constitute a new record for Colombia. In addition to contributing to the knowledge of the diversity of fish-associated helminths, the results of this research will make it possible to generate recommendations for the management and control of helminthiasis in artificial fish farming systems that are supplied by natural tributaries, and favor the establishment of hosts and parasitesEn Colombia, las ictiozoonosis causadas por helmintos son poco estudiadas y permanecen desatendidas desde el sector de la salud pública, representando una interacción por explorar en términos de biodiversidad y salud. Caquetia kraussi es un pez nativo de Colombia y Venezuela de importancia económica, debido a su alto consumo por parte de comunidades locales. Esta investigación registra la fauna de helmintos parásitos asociados a C. kraussi en un sistema de laguna costera en el Caribe colombiano. En febrero y diciembre de 2020 se examinaron 32 especímenes de C. kraussi, de los que se recolectaron 242 helmintos en los estadíos de metacercaria y adulto. Los parásitos incluyeron metacercarias de los tremátodos Clinostomum sp., Austrodiplostomum sp., dos morfoespecies de Posthodiplostomum spp. y adultos de Oigogonotylus andinus además de adultos del acantocéfalo (Eoacanthocephala) Neoechinorhynchus sp. Estos resultados indican que C. kraussii actúa como hospedador definitivo de O. andinus. y Neoechinorhynchus sp., y como hospedador intermediario de Clinostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum spp. y Austrodiplostomum sp. Se reporta por segunda vez una población de O. andinus en Colombia y la ocurrencia de una morfoespecie del género Neoechinorhynchus que podría ser un reporte nuevo para Colombia. Además del aporte al conocimiento de la diversidad de helmintos asociados a peces, los resultados de esta investigación podrían ser aprovechados para generar recomendaciones para el manejo y control de helmintiasis en sistemas piscícolas artificiales que se surten de afluentes naturales y favorecen el establecimiento de hospederos y parásitosIncluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode.eshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/2386590 - Animales::595 - ArtrópodosCaquetia kraussiiParásitos de cíclidosHelmintosPeces de agua dulceTrematodaTrematodes and acanthocephalans associated with the yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussii) in a coastal lagoon system, San Onofre, ColombiaTremátodos y acantocéfalos asociados a mojarra amarilla (Caquetaia kraussii) en un sistema de laguna costera, San Onofre, ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85(Ene.-Jun., 2024) e2386101127Publication2aa4b79e-7bcf-49aa-b155-61a10bd1106avirtual::33-1ee05455d-19a7-4e1d-b359-3e26bfd9c93bvirtual::34-12aa4b79e-7bcf-49aa-b155-61a10bd1106avirtual::33-1ee05455d-19a7-4e1d-b359-3e26bfd9c93bvirtual::34-10000-0002-5046-2989virtual::33-10000-0001-9509-4529virtual::34-1ORIGINALMojarra+amarilla_pdf_Met.pdfMojarra+amarilla_pdf_Met.pdfapplication/pdf1891024https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/818e858d-f00c-4db8-b002-b8e70ee8f056/download69e9c3ff83c1d1a2a52e46d413ca371aMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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jecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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