Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama

The department of Nariño occupies the fourth place as producer of green onion nationwide. In recent years, its production and cultivation area has been reduced by multiple limitations, highlighting as the most important, the susceptibility to the attack of fungi causing radical problems, which harm...

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Autores:
Salazar González, Claudia
Lagos Mora, Luz Stella
Díaz Rodríguez, Vanessa
Mora Chaves, Silvana
Betancourth García, Carlos
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UDCA
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/3464
Acceso en línea:
https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1471
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1471
Palabra clave:
Filogenia
Factor de elongación 1-α
Espaciador transcribible interno
Cebolla japonesa
Fusarium
Morfología fúngica
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openAccess
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with the basal rot of the green onion
title Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
spellingShingle Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
Filogenia
Factor de elongación 1-α
Espaciador transcribible interno
Cebolla japonesa
Fusarium
Morfología fúngica
title_short Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
title_full Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
title_fullStr Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
title_full_unstemmed Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
title_sort Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Salazar González, Claudia
Lagos Mora, Luz Stella
Díaz Rodríguez, Vanessa
Mora Chaves, Silvana
Betancourth García, Carlos
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Salazar González, Claudia
Lagos Mora, Luz Stella
Díaz Rodríguez, Vanessa
Mora Chaves, Silvana
Betancourth García, Carlos
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Filogenia
topic Filogenia
Factor de elongación 1-α
Espaciador transcribible interno
Cebolla japonesa
Fusarium
Morfología fúngica
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Factor de elongación 1-α
Espaciador transcribible interno
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Cebolla japonesa
Fusarium
Morfología fúngica
description The department of Nariño occupies the fourth place as producer of green onion nationwide. In recent years, its production and cultivation area has been reduced by multiple limitations, highlighting as the most important, the susceptibility to the attack of fungi causing radical problems, which harm the productive system and profitability. This study was carried out in order to morphologically and molecularly characterizes Fusarium populations associated with green onion basal rot disease. For this, in Pasto, Potosi and Buesaco municipalities, plants were collected with basal rot symptoms, tissue deterioration and root necrosis. In the Plant Health laboratory of the University of Nariño, tissues were planted in PDA medium and subsequently the isolates were purified for further morphological and molecular characterization. The morphological study was carried out using taxonomic keys for the genus Fusarium and molecular characterization with specific primers for the genus Fusarium, and by sequencing. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis of the intraspecific variability was carried out. Morphological and molecular characterization results corroborate the presence of two species within the genus associated with this pathology, F. oxusporum f sp.cepae and F. solani. Phylogenetic analyzes show high intraspecific variability between the isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani, forming two Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) complexes and Fusarium solani(FSSC), evidencing that these species do not start from a common ancestor
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-08-05T19:59:15Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-08-05T19:59:15Z
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Betancourth Garcia, C., Salazar González, C., Lagos Mora, L., Díaz Rodríguez, V., & Mora Chaves, S. (2020). Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1471
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dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1471
identifier_str_mv Betancourth Garcia, C., Salazar González, C., Lagos Mora, L., Díaz Rodríguez, V., & Mora Chaves, S. (2020). Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1471
0123-4226
url https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1471
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1471
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 23, No.1 (Ene.-Jun., 2020). -- páginas 1-11
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Agricultura
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.coverage.spatial.spa.fl_str_mv Nariño, Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2020
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spelling Salazar González, ClaudiaLagos Mora, Luz StellaDíaz Rodríguez, VanessaMora Chaves, SilvanaBetancourth García, CarlosNariño, Colombia2020-08-05T19:59:15Z2020-08-05T19:59:15Z2020-01Betancourth Garcia, C., Salazar González, C., Lagos Mora, L., Díaz Rodríguez, V., & Mora Chaves, S. (2020). Caracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de rama. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.14710123-4226https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1471https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1471The department of Nariño occupies the fourth place as producer of green onion nationwide. In recent years, its production and cultivation area has been reduced by multiple limitations, highlighting as the most important, the susceptibility to the attack of fungi causing radical problems, which harm the productive system and profitability. This study was carried out in order to morphologically and molecularly characterizes Fusarium populations associated with green onion basal rot disease. For this, in Pasto, Potosi and Buesaco municipalities, plants were collected with basal rot symptoms, tissue deterioration and root necrosis. In the Plant Health laboratory of the University of Nariño, tissues were planted in PDA medium and subsequently the isolates were purified for further morphological and molecular characterization. The morphological study was carried out using taxonomic keys for the genus Fusarium and molecular characterization with specific primers for the genus Fusarium, and by sequencing. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis of the intraspecific variability was carried out. Morphological and molecular characterization results corroborate the presence of two species within the genus associated with this pathology, F. oxusporum f sp.cepae and F. solani. Phylogenetic analyzes show high intraspecific variability between the isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani, forming two Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) complexes and Fusarium solani(FSSC), evidencing that these species do not start from a common ancestorEl departamento de Nariño ocupa el cuarto lugar como productor de cebolla de rama, a nivel nacional. En los últimos años, su producción y área de cultivo se han reducido por múltiples limitantes, destacándose, como la más importante, la susceptibilidad al ataque de hongos causantes de pudriciones radicales, los cuales, perjudican el sistema productivo y la rentabilidad. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar morfológica y molecularmente las poblaciones de Fusarium, asociados a la enfermedad de pudrición basal de cebolla de rama. Para ello, en los municipios de Pasto, Potosi y Buesaco, se colectaron plantas con síntomas de pudrición basal, acompañada de necrosis de raíces y ablandamiento de tejido. En el laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal de la Universidad de Nariño, se sembraron tejidos en medio PDA y, a continuación, se purificaron los aislamientos para su posterior caracterización morfológica y molecular. El estudio morfológico, se realizó usando claves taxonómicas para el género Fusarium y la caracterización molecular con cebadores específicos para el género Fusarium y mediante secuenciación. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis filogenético de la variabilidad intraespecífica. Los resultados de la caracterización morfológica y molecular corroboran la presencia de dos especies dentro del género asociadas a esta patología, F. oxysporum f sp. cepae y F. solani. Los análisis filogenéticos muestran alta variabilidad intraespecífica entre los aislamientos de F. oxysporum y F. solani, formando dos complejos Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) y Fusarium solani (FSSC), manifestando que estas especies no parten de un ancestro común.Incluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2020Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 23, No.1 (Ene.-Jun., 2020). -- páginas 1-11AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1471FilogeniaFactor de elongación 1-αEspaciador transcribible internoCebolla japonesaFusariumMorfología fúngicaCaracterización de Fusarium spp. asociado con la pudrición basal de la cebolla de ramaCharacterization of Fusarium spp. associated with the basal rot of the green onionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85PublicationORIGINALdocument (1).pdfdocument (1).pdfapplication/pdf3760384https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/8afab59e-8966-4362-be5d-880e8eb675d5/download684d5778ae56bd0fc4a2c789f01f1e45MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814775https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/493b2ac0-82de-4eac-a937-dffaf64f0366/downloadf661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751MD52TEXTdocument (1).pdf.txtdocument (1).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain43146https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/16860a59-2561-4a34-886c-9f29c870f3a2/download0ce877f1233c520e7caf3341beeea713MD53THUMBNAILdocument (1).pdf.jpgdocument (1).pdf.jpgGenerated 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en las Obras Colectivas;
b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda;
c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas.Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).
4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:
a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).
b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.
c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

