Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia)
The forests of the Andes are large reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism and constitute a priority land ecoregion worldwide. However, the loss and degradation of habitats caused by conflicts of use has generated irreparable consequences for the quality of the supply of resources and services of th...
- Autores:
-
Cortés Ballén, Lorena Andrea
Camacho Ballesteros, Shirley
Cardona, Mauricio Matoma
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/3521
- Acceso en línea:
- https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1483/1897
- Palabra clave:
- Biodiversidad
Sucesión de plantas
Bosque secundario
Bosque Andino
Bosques
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Study of the composition and structure of the andean forest in Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
title |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
spellingShingle |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) Biodiversidad Sucesión de plantas Bosque secundario Bosque Andino Bosques |
title_short |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
title_full |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
title_fullStr |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
title_sort |
Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia) |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Cortés Ballén, Lorena Andrea Camacho Ballesteros, Shirley Cardona, Mauricio Matoma |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cortés Ballén, Lorena Andrea Camacho Ballesteros, Shirley Cardona, Mauricio Matoma |
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biodiversidad Sucesión de plantas |
topic |
Biodiversidad Sucesión de plantas Bosque secundario Bosque Andino Bosques |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bosque secundario Bosque Andino |
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bosques |
description |
The forests of the Andes are large reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism and constitute a priority land ecoregion worldwide. However, the loss and degradation of habitats caused by conflicts of use has generated irreparable consequences for the quality of the supply of resources and services of these ecosystems, being one of the main threats to their conservation. To counteract this situation, an eventual alternative lies in studying the ecological succession of secondary forests in order to know the ecology and assembly of plant communities, and thus, favor decision-making regarding the restoration of these ecosystems. In this study, the composition and structure of the secondary vegetation of the Andean Forest located in the municipality of Chipaque was analyzed. Two plots of 0.1ha and one of 0.05ha were established in homogeneous vegetation fragments; physiognomic variables were recorded for seedling, saplings and poles. There were 523 individuals distributed in 48 species, 36 genera and 25 families; the diversity indices showed three different plant communities with low dominance of species and high diversity of taxa. The densities of individuals for diameter classes and heights showed a tendency to positive asymmetric distribution, showing an active regeneration; the Value of Significance Index indicated the species Clusia multiflora and Centronia brachycera with greater ecological representativeness. The floristic heterogeneity found provides strategic scientific knowledge to explore different alternatives of propagation and introduction of native species in restoration processes in degraded areas of the region. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-08-20T00:41:16Z |
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-08-20T00:41:16Z |
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-01 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Cortés-Ballén, L.; Camacho-Ballesteros, S.; Matoma-Cardona, M. 2020. Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia). Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient. 23(1):e1483. http://doi.org/10.31910/rudca. v23.n1.2020.1483 |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0123-4226 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1483/1897 |
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1483 |
identifier_str_mv |
Cortés-Ballén, L.; Camacho-Ballesteros, S.; Matoma-Cardona, M. 2020. Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia). Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient. 23(1):e1483. http://doi.org/10.31910/rudca. v23.n1.2020.1483 0123-4226 10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1483 |
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spa |
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spa |
dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá);Vol. 23, No. 1, (Ene.-Jun., 2020). -- páginas 1 -10 |
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Agricultura |
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales |
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Cortés Ballén, Lorena AndreaCamacho Ballesteros, ShirleyCardona, Mauricio MatomaColombia2020-08-20T00:41:16Z2020-08-20T00:41:16Z2020-01Cortés-Ballén, L.; Camacho-Ballesteros, S.; Matoma-Cardona, M. 2020. Estudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia). Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient. 23(1):e1483. http://doi.org/10.31910/rudca. v23.n1.2020.14830123-4226https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1483/189710.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1483The forests of the Andes are large reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism and constitute a priority land ecoregion worldwide. However, the loss and degradation of habitats caused by conflicts of use has generated irreparable consequences for the quality of the supply of resources and services of these ecosystems, being one of the main threats to their conservation. To counteract this situation, an eventual alternative lies in studying the ecological succession of secondary forests in order to know the ecology and assembly of plant communities, and thus, favor decision-making regarding the restoration of these ecosystems. In this study, the composition and structure of the secondary vegetation of the Andean Forest located in the municipality of Chipaque was analyzed. Two plots of 0.1ha and one of 0.05ha were established in homogeneous vegetation fragments; physiognomic variables were recorded for seedling, saplings and poles. There were 523 individuals distributed in 48 species, 36 genera and 25 families; the diversity indices showed three different plant communities with low dominance of species and high diversity of taxa. The densities of individuals for diameter classes and heights showed a tendency to positive asymmetric distribution, showing an active regeneration; the Value of Significance Index indicated the species Clusia multiflora and Centronia brachycera with greater ecological representativeness. The floristic heterogeneity found provides strategic scientific knowledge to explore different alternatives of propagation and introduction of native species in restoration processes in degraded areas of the region.Los bosques de los Andes son grandes reservorios de biodiversidad y de endemismos y constituyen una ecorregión terrestre prioritaria, a nivel mundial; no obstante, la pérdida y degradación de hábitats, suscitada por los confl ictos de uso, ha generado consecuencias irreparables para la calidad en el suministro de recursos y servicios de estos ecosistemas, siendo una de las principales amenazas para su conservación. Para contrarrestar esta situación, una eventual alternativa radica en estudiar la sucesión ecológica de bosques secundarios, con el fi n de conocer la ecología y el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales y, con ello, favorecer la toma de decisiones en materia de restauración de estos ecosistemas. En este estudio, se analizó la composición y la estructura de la vegetación secundaria del Bosque Andino, ubicado en el municipio de Chipaque (Cundinamarca). Se establecieron dos parcelas de 0,1ha y una de 0,05ha, abordando fragmentos de vegetación homogéneos; se hallaron 523 individuos, distribuidos en 69 especies, 36 géneros y 25 familias; los índices de diversidad evidenciaron tres comunidades vegetales diferentes, con baja dominancia y alta diversidad. Las densidades de individuos para clases diamétricas y alturas presentaron una tendencia a la distribución asimétrica positiva, evidenciando una regeneración activa; el Índice de Valor de Importancia señaló a las especies Clusia multifl ora y Centronia brachycera, con mayor representatividad ecológica. La heterogeneidad fl orística encontrada proporciona conocimiento científi co estratégico, para explorar diferentes alternativas de propagación e introducción de especies nativas, que resulten propicias para integrar en procesos de restauración, en áreas degradas de la región.application/pdfspaRevista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá);Vol. 23, No. 1, (Ene.-Jun., 2020). -- páginas 1 -10AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1483/1897https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1483/1897BiodiversidadSucesión de plantasBosque secundarioBosque AndinoBosquesEstudio de la composición y estructura del bosque andino localizado en Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia)Study of the composition and structure of the andean forest in Potrero Grande, Chipaque (Colombia)Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85PublicationORIGINAL1483-Texto del artículo-9590-1-10-20200505.pdf1483-Texto del artículo-9590-1-10-20200505.pdfapplication/pdf2805673https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/e5a63565-3f0d-4191-98b3-24ae5f94aed7/downloadf9f12480a7312725a102a2c4f2c3a7feMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814775https://repository.udca.edu.co/bitstreams/4dc50d25-c3f4-40a5-bdba-b6bc719f04a0/downloadf661acf14bedbf9f5d13897a0387e751MD52TEXT1483-Texto del artículo-9590-1-10-20200505.pdf.txt1483-Texto del artículo-9590-1-10-20200505.pdf.txtExtracted 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 nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

 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