Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years

The native vegetation of the Sabana de Bogota’s flat area has been replaced by agricultural lands, pastures and urbanizations over the years. The last relict of this native vegetation is a small forest (ca 10 ha) at Hacienda Las Mercedes, in the northern border of Bogota. The forest’s small size and...

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Autores:
Rosselli, Loreta
De la Zerda, Susana
Candil, Jonathan
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Institución:
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UDCA
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/2418
Acceso en línea:
http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/abc/v22n2/v22n2a07.pdf
Palabra clave:
Birds
Biodiversity conservation
Wildlife management
Aves
Conservación de la diversidad biológica
Ordenación de la vida silvestre
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Cambios en la avifauna de un relicto de bosque en la franja periurbana de Bogotá a lo largo de catorce años
title Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
spellingShingle Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
Birds
Biodiversity conservation
Wildlife management
Aves
Conservación de la diversidad biológica
Ordenación de la vida silvestre
title_short Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
title_full Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
title_fullStr Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
title_full_unstemmed Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
title_sort Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen years
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Rosselli, Loreta
De la Zerda, Susana
Candil, Jonathan
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Rosselli, Loreta
De la Zerda, Susana
Candil, Jonathan
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Birds
Biodiversity conservation
Wildlife management
topic Birds
Biodiversity conservation
Wildlife management
Aves
Conservación de la diversidad biológica
Ordenación de la vida silvestre
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Aves
Conservación de la diversidad biológica
Ordenación de la vida silvestre
description The native vegetation of the Sabana de Bogota’s flat area has been replaced by agricultural lands, pastures and urbanizations over the years. The last relict of this native vegetation is a small forest (ca 10 ha) at Hacienda Las Mercedes, in the northern border of Bogota. The forest’s small size and isolation from other areas of natural vegetation have resulted in the loss of many species. The problem was exacerbated by uncontrolled growth of invasive vegetation (vines and wild blackberry). However, in recent years restorative action including control of these vegetation has been undertaken and the forest is now immerse in a natural reserve where more restorative actions are being planned. Using point count stations the authors recorded all the birds seen and heard in 2001-2002 and in 2014 in order to evaluate the changes in the bird community and estimate the effects of the restorative actions. We recorded 27 forest species in the first census and 30 in the second. The relative abundance of at least 1/3 of the species also increased indicating a positive result in the forest restoration. The results highlight the capacity of degraded ecosystems to recover and the importance of continuing the restorative actions in the reserve area
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2017
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-11-05T16:40:23Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-11-05T16:40:23Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv ROSSELLI, Loreta, DE LA ZERDA, Susana, & CANDIL, Jonathan. (2017). CAMBIOS EN LA AVIFAUNA DE UN RELICTO DE BOSQUE EN LA FRANJA PERIURBANA DE BOGOTÁ A LO LARGO DE CATORCE AÑOS. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 22(2), 181-190. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v22n2.60688
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identifier_str_mv ROSSELLI, Loreta, DE LA ZERDA, Susana, & CANDIL, Jonathan. (2017). CAMBIOS EN LA AVIFAUNA DE UN RELICTO DE BOSQUE EN LA FRANJA PERIURBANA DE BOGOTÁ A LO LARGO DE CATORCE AÑOS. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 22(2), 181-190. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v22n2.60688
10.15446/abc.v22n2.60688
url http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/abc/v22n2/v22n2a07.pdf
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv Acta Biologica Colombiana;Vol. 22, No.2 May.-Ago 2017 páginas 181-190
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Agricultura
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spelling Rosselli, LoretaDe la Zerda, SusanaCandil, JonathanBogotá, Colombia2019-11-05T16:40:23Z2019-11-05T16:40:23Z2017ROSSELLI, Loreta, DE LA ZERDA, Susana, & CANDIL, Jonathan. (2017). CAMBIOS EN LA AVIFAUNA DE UN RELICTO DE BOSQUE EN LA FRANJA PERIURBANA DE BOGOTÁ A LO LARGO DE CATORCE AÑOS. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 22(2), 181-190. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v22n2.60688http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/abc/v22n2/v22n2a07.pdf10.15446/abc.v22n2.60688The native vegetation of the Sabana de Bogota’s flat area has been replaced by agricultural lands, pastures and urbanizations over the years. The last relict of this native vegetation is a small forest (ca 10 ha) at Hacienda Las Mercedes, in the northern border of Bogota. The forest’s small size and isolation from other areas of natural vegetation have resulted in the loss of many species. The problem was exacerbated by uncontrolled growth of invasive vegetation (vines and wild blackberry). However, in recent years restorative action including control of these vegetation has been undertaken and the forest is now immerse in a natural reserve where more restorative actions are being planned. Using point count stations the authors recorded all the birds seen and heard in 2001-2002 and in 2014 in order to evaluate the changes in the bird community and estimate the effects of the restorative actions. We recorded 27 forest species in the first census and 30 in the second. The relative abundance of at least 1/3 of the species also increased indicating a positive result in the forest restoration. The results highlight the capacity of degraded ecosystems to recover and the importance of continuing the restorative actions in the reserve areaA lo largo de varios siglos, la vegetación nativa de la parte plana de la Sabana de Bogotá ha sido casi completamente sustituida por cultivos, potreros y urbanizaciones. El último relicto de esta vegetación es un pequeño bosque (ca 10 ha), ubicado en la Hacienda Las Mercedes en el borde norte de la ciudad de Bogotá. El tamaño reducido y aislamiento del bosque, agravado por el crecimiento descontrolado de vegetación invasiva (lianas y zarzamora silvestre) ha generado la pérdida de muchas especies. Sin embargo, en los últimos años el bosque ha sido objeto de acciones de rehabilitación y actualmente la zona está inmersa en una reserva en donde se prevén programas de restauración más amplios. Con el objetivo de evaluar los cambios en la comunidad de aves para estimar los efectos de las acciones de restauración, se registró la avifauna presente en 2001-2002 y en el 2014, mediante registros visuales y auditivos en puntos fijos en el bosque. En el primer censo se encontraron 27 especies de bosque y en el segundo 30, y las abundancias relativas de por lo menos la tercera parte de ellas también aumentó en los 13 años, indicando un resultado positivo en la recuperación del bosque. Los resultados resaltan la capacidad de recuperación de los ecosistemas degradados y la importancia de continuar con las acciones de restauración en el área de reserva.application/pdfspaActa Biologica Colombiana;Vol. 22, No.2 May.-Ago 2017 páginas 181-190AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://udca.elogim.com:2092/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020097364&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&sid=da2774e2263679cbb25bf402c56eba9c&sot=aff&sdt=cl&cluster=scopubyr%2c%222017%22%2ct&sl=65&s=AF-ID%28%22Universidad+de+Ciencias+Aplicadas+y+Ambientales%22+60106980%29&relpos=44&citeCnt=1&searchTerm=Changes in the avifauna of a relict forest in the Peri-Urban area of Bogota throughout fourteen yearsCambios en la avifauna de un relicto de bosque 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 nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

