Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia
52 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficas
- Autores:
-
Ballesteros Campos, María Fernanda
Páramo Martínez, Alejandra del Pilar
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/1441
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1441
- Palabra clave:
- Criptosporidiosis
Terneros -- Enfermedades
Parasitología veterinaria
Cryptosporidium spp
Prevalencia
Terneros
Factores de riesgo
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| title |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia Criptosporidiosis Terneros -- Enfermedades Parasitología veterinaria Cryptosporidium spp Prevalencia Terneros Factores de riesgo |
| title_short |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| title_full |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| title_sort |
Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ballesteros Campos, María Fernanda Páramo Martínez, Alejandra del Pilar |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Avendaño Valenzuela, Catalina Esther, dir. |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ballesteros Campos, María Fernanda Páramo Martínez, Alejandra del Pilar |
| dc.subject.mesh.spa.fl_str_mv |
Criptosporidiosis |
| topic |
Criptosporidiosis Terneros -- Enfermedades Parasitología veterinaria Cryptosporidium spp Prevalencia Terneros Factores de riesgo |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Terneros -- Enfermedades Parasitología veterinaria |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cryptosporidium spp Prevalencia Terneros Factores de riesgo |
| description |
52 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficas |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019-05-20T14:11:55Z |
| dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019-05-20T14:11:55Z |
| dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
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https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1441 |
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MV010 B14p 2019 (205517) |
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https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1441 |
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MV010 B14p 2019 (205517) |
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AVENDAÑO, C., & MONTAÑO, J. S. (2012). Contribución al conocimiento de la epidemiología de la criptosporidiosis bovina en el Valle de Chiquinquirá. Revista U.D.C.A Actualización & Divulgación Científica, 15(2), 391–398. AVENDAÑO, C; QUÍLEZ, J; SÁNCHEZ-ACEDO, C. (2010). Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium en terneros en el Valle de Ubaté- Chiquinquirá (Colombia). Revista U.D.C.A Actualización & Divulgación Científica, 13(1), 41–47. AVENDAÑO, C., RAMO, A., VERGARA-CASTIBLANCO, C., SÁNCHEZ-ACEDO, C., & QUÍLEZ, J. (2018). Genetic uniqueness of Cryptosporidium parvum from dairy calves in Colombia. Parasitology Research, 117(5), 1317–1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5818-6 AYELE, A., SEYOUM, Z., & LETA, S. (2018). Cryptosporidium infection in bovine calves: prevalence and potential risk factors in northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3219-7 BERMUDEZ ALVAREZ, JAVIER, AND XAXIER VALLS BADIA. (2014). “Criptosporidiosis En Reptiles.” Clinica Veterinaria Exotics. https://argos.portalveterinaria.com/noticia/10751/exoticos/criptosporidiosis-enreptiles.html. BROGLIA, A., S. RECKINGER, S. M. CACCIÓ, AND K. NÖCKLER. (2008). “Distribution of Cryptosporidium Parvum Subtypes in Calves in Germany.” Veterinary Parasitology 154(1–2): 8–13. BROOK, E., HART, C. A., FRENCH, N., & CHRISTLEY, R. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young calves. Veterinary Parasitology, 152(1–2), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.003 CASTRO HERMIDA, J. A., GONZALES WARLETA, M., & MEZO, M. (2015). Criptosporidiosis En El Ganado Bovino. Laboratorio de Parasitología. Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, 1–10. CAREY, C. M., LEE, H., & TREVORS, J. T. (2004). Biology, persistence and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocyst. Water Research, 38(4), 818–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.012 CHALMERS, R. M., & DAVIES, A. P. (2010). Minireview: Clinical cryptosporidiosis. Experimental Parasitology, 124(1), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.02.003 CHALMERS, R. (2016). 2.9.4 Criptosporidiosis. In Manual Terrestre de la OIE. Retrieved from http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/esp/Health_standards/tahm/2.09.04_CRYPTO.pdf CLODE, P. L., KOH, W. H., & THOMPSON, R. C. A. (2015). Life without a Host Cell: What is Cryptosporidium? Trends in Parasitology, 31(12), 614–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2015.08.005 COOPER, MICHAEL. (2018). “Clark and Champaign County Health Experts Are Investigating an Outbreak of Possibly 23 Cases of Cryptosporidiosis in Humans That’s Been Linked to Dairy Calves Purchased as 4-H Projects.” Springfield news sun. https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/local/clark-champaign-counties-hit outbreak-linked-parasite-calves/LdHmkJfKA2wyPHMQl1kj3N/. CORPORACIÓN AUTÓNOMA REGIONAL DE CUNDINAMARCA (CAR). (2018). Precipitaciones Totales Mensuales. https://www.datos.gov.co/Ambiente-yDesarrollo-Sostenible/Precipitaciones-Totales-Mensuales/mb4n-6m2g DE LA PARTE, M., BRUZUAL, E., BRITO, A., & HURTADO, M. (2005). Cryptosporidium spp. y Criptosporidiosis. Redalycc, 25(1), 87–102. DEL COCO, V. F., CÓRDOBA, M. A., & BASUALDO, J. A. (2009). Criptosporidiosis: Una zoonosis emergente. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 41(3), 185–196. DELAFOSSE, A., CHARTIER, C., DUPUY, M. C., DUMOULIN, M., PORS, I., & PARAUD, C. (2015). Cryptosporidium parvum infection and associated risk factors in dairy calves in western France. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 118(4), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.005 DÍAZ, ADELINA. (2002). “Criptosporidiosis En El Ganado Bovino.” In XI Congreso Venezolano de Producción e Industria Animal., Valera, 1–10. https://es.scribd.com/document/126731466/Criptosporidiosis-en-El-GanadoBovino. FAUBERT, A. G. M., & LITVINSKY, Y. (2000). Natural transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum between dams and calves on a dairy farm natural transmission of cryptosporidium parvum between dams and, 86(3), 495–500. FAYER, R., MORGAN, U., & UPTON, S. J. (2000). Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: Transmission, detection and identification. International Journal for Parasitology, 30(12–13), 1305–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020- 7519(00)00135-1 FERRAN, A ; BOUQUET, B. (2013). How can the closure of the esophageal groove? Point Vet, 339, 46–47. FOSTER, D. M., & SMITH, G. W. (2009). Pathophysiology of Diarrhea in Calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Food Animal Practice, 25(1), 13–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.013 FITZ-SÁNCHEZ, E., ROSARIO-CRUZ, R., HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ, R., HERNÁNDEZ-CASTRO, E., RODRÍGUEZ-BATAZ, E., & GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ, Z. (2013). Cryptosporidium parvum: prevalence and risk factors in calves of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México. / Cryptosporidium parvum: prevalencia y factores de riesgo en becerros del municipio de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México. Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 7(1), 49–61. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lbh&AN=20143024676&la ng=es&site=ehostlive%5Cnhttp://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/ca bdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20143024676%5Cnhttp://200.21.104.25/vetzootec/do wnloads/v7n1a04.pdf GARCÍA, A. M., FERNÁNDEZ, C., LÓPEZ GARCÍA, C., MARTOS GARCÍA, P., & MARÍN CASANOVA, P. (2004). Brotes epidémicos de Criptosporidiosis. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC), 1–10. Retrieved from https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/revisionestematicas/parasitologia/Brotcripto. pdf GARCÍA ROMO, M. DE LOS D. (2007). Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a criptosporidiosis en becerras lactantes de tres establos del estado de aguascalientes,Mexico. Universidad de Colima. Retrieved from http://digeset.ucol.mx/tesis_posgrado/Pdf/Ma_Dolores_Garcia_Romo.pdf GARRO, C. J., MORICI, G. E., UTGÉS, M. E., TOMAZIC, M. L., & SCHNITTGER, L. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors for shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in dairy calves of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. PAREPI, 1(2), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2016.03.008 GONZALEZ, A. (2016). Situación actual de criptosporidiosis en regiones lecheras de México. https://www.engormix.com/ganaderia-leche/articulos/situacion-actualcriptosporidiosis-regiones-t30746.htm HAHN, N. E., & CAPUANO, S. V. (2010). Successful treatment of cryptosporidiosis in 2 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) by using paromomycin. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 49(6), 873–875. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2994059&tool=pmcentre z&rendertype=abstract HAMNES, I. S., GJERDE, B., & ROBERTSON, L. (2006). Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway. Veterinary Parasitology, 140(3–4), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.024 HARP, J. A., & GOFF, J. P. (1998). Strategies for the Control of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Calves 1, 2. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(1), 289–294. HERNÁNDEZ-GALLO N., HERNÁNDEZ- FLOREZ L. & CORTÉS-VECINO J. A. (2018). Cryptosporidiosis and “One Health.” Rev. Salud Pública, 20 (1): 138–143. Retrieved from https://scielosp.org/pdf/rsap/2018.v20n1/138-143/es HIJJAWI, N. (2010). Cryptosporidium: New developments in cell culture. Experimental Parasitology, 124(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.05.015 HULVERSON, M. A., VINAYAK, S., CHOI, R., SCHAEFER, D. A., CASTELLANOSGONZALEZ, A., VIDADALA, R. S. R., OJO, K. K. (2017). Bumped-Kinase Inhibitors for Therapy of Cryptosporidiosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1–9. KLEIN, P. (2008). Preventive and therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone-lactate against Cryptosporidium parvum in spontaneously infected calves: A centralised, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Veterinary Journal, 177(3), 429–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.007 LONDOÑO, ANA PILAR. (2010). “Determinación de La Presencia de Cryptosporidium En Reptiles Alojados En El Centro de Recepción de Flora y Fauna Silvestre de La Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente, Bogotá, Colombia.” Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales. https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/192. NASIR, A., AVAIS, M., KHAN, M. S., KHAN, J. A., HAMEED, S., & REICHEL, M. P. (2013). Treating Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Calves. Journal of Parasitology, 99(4), 715–717. https://doi.org/10.1645/12-42.1 NETO, V. A., MARIA, L., BRAZ, A., OTAVIANI, A., PIETRO, D., MÓDOLO, R., & PAULO, S. (1996). Pesquisa de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes: Comparação entre os métodos de kinyoun modificado e de Heine. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 29, 575–578. OGENDO, A., OBONYO, M., WASSWA, P., BITEK, A., MBUGUA, A., & THUMBI, S. M. (2017). Supplement article Cryptosporidium infection in calves and the environment in Asembo, Western Kenya : 2015, 28(Supp 1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.28.1.9313 OLLIVETT, T. L., NYDAM, D. V., BOWMAN, D. D., ZAMBRISKI, J. A., BELLOSA, M. L., LINDEN, T. C., & DIVERS, T. J. (2009). Effect of nitazoxanide on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(4), 1643–1648. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1474 PALACIOS O., T. (2017). Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. y Giardia spp. en terneros, y su presencia en agua y en niños con problemas digestivos en el cantón San Fernando, Ecuador. Maskana, 8(1), 111-119. Recuperado a partir de https://publicaciones.ucuenca.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/maskana/article/view/1193 PASQUALI, P., FAYER, R., ZARLENGA, D., CANALS, A., DE MAREZ, T., GOMEZ MUNOZ, M. T., GASBARRE, L. C. (2006). Recombinant bovine interleukin-12 stimulates a gut immune response but does not provide resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal calves. Veterinary Parasitology, 135(3–4), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.062 PETER, G. S., GITAU, G. K., MULEI, C. M., VANLEEUWEN, J., RICHARDS, S., WICHTEL, J., MAINGA, O. (2015). Prevalence of Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, Giardia, and Strongyloides in pre-weaned calves on smallholder dairy farms in Mukurwe-ini district, Kenya. Veterinary World, 8(9), 1118–1125. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.1118-1125 PÉREZ DUEÑAS, J. S. (2013). Estado actual de las zoonosis por Cryptosporidium spp. en el continente americano. Programa bacteriología, pontificia universidad javeriana. Retrieved from http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3933 PULIDO-MEDELLÍN, M. O., ANDRADE-BECERRA, R. J., IVÁN RODRÍGUEZVIVAS, R., & GARCIA-CORREDOR, D. J. (2014). Prevalencia y posibles factores de riesgo en la excreción de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp en bovinos de Boyacá, Colombia. Prevalence and possible risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp oocyst excretion in dairy cattle in Boyacá, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 5(3), 357–364. QUILEZ, J., SANCHEZ-ACEDO, C., AVENDAÑO, C., DEL CACHO, E., & LOPEZBERNAD, F. (2005). Efficacy of two peroxygen-based disinfectants for inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Applied and environmental microbiology, 71(5), 2479-83. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.5.2479 R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. (2008). R: A language and environment for Statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.r-project.org. RODRÍGUEZ B,1 MVZ,, E., MANRIQUE-ABRIL,2* PH.D,, F., MARTÍN PULIDO M,3 MVZ, M. AND OSPINA-DÍAZ,3 M.SC., J. (2009). Frecuencia de Cryptosporidium spp en caninos de la ciudad de Tunja-Colombia. [online] Revistas.unicordoba.edu.co. Available at: http://revistas.unicordoba.edu.co/revistamvz/mvz-142/v14n2a5.pdf RODRIGUEZ, JUAN CARLOS, AND GLORIA ROYO. (2000). “Cryptosporidium y Criptosporidiosis.” Control Calidad SEIMC: 1–7. https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/revisionestematicas/parasitologia/crypto.pdf. ROSALES, M. J., PERÉZ CORDÓN, G., SÁNCHEZ MORENO, M., MARÍN SÁNCHEZ, C., & MASCARÓ, C. (2005). Extracellular like-gregarine stages of Cryptosporidium parvum. Acta Tropica, 95(1), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.03.009 RYAN, U., PAPARINI, A., MONIS, P., & HIJJAWI, N. (2016). It’s official ??? Cryptosporidium is a gregarine: What are the implications for the water industry? Water Research, 105, 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.013 SÁNCHEZ, R., ROMERO, J., & ROSSANIGO, C. (2013). Epidemiología y control de Coccidios y Cryposporidium. Enfermedades Parasitarias de Importancia Clínica y Productiva En Rumiantes, (July 2016), 357–380. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2749.8485 SANTÍN, M., TROUT, J. M., & FAYER, R. (2008). A longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle from birth to 2 years of age. Veterinary Parasitology, 155(1–2), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.018 SCHAEFER, D. A., BETZER, D. P., SMITH, K. D., MILLMAN, Z. G., MICHALSKI, H. C., MENCHACA, S. E., RIGGS, M. W. (2016). Novel bumped kinase inhibitors are safe and effective therapeutics in the calf clinical model for cryptosporidiosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 214(12), 1856–1864. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw488 SILVERLÅS, C. (2010). Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 77. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2219/1/silverlas_c_100129.pdf%5Cnhttp://urn.kb.se/resolv e?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-3041 SISCHO, W. M., ATWILL, E. R., LANYON, L. E., & GEORGE, J. (2000). Cryptosporidia on dairy farms and the role these farms may have in contaminating surface water supplies in the northeastern United States. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 43(4), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00107-5 SMITH, H. V., CACCIÒ, S. M., COOK, N., NICHOLS, R. A. B., & TAIT, A. (2007). Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses. Veterinary Parasitology, 149(1–2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.015 STARKEY, S. R., KIMBER, K. R., WADE, S. E., SCHAAF, S. L., WHITE, M. E., & MOHAMMED, H. O. (2006). Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection on Dairy Farms in a New York State Watershed. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(11), 4229–4236. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72468-7 STOCKDALE, H., JENNIFER, A., & BLAGBURN, B. L. (2008). Cryptosporidium and Criptosporidiosis. Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy. In: Fayer, R. y Xiao, L., Editors. 2nd edition, p.255-288. SZONYI, B., BORDONARO, R., WADE, S. E., & MOHAMMED, H. O. (2010). Seasonal variation in the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle in the New York City Watershed. Parasitology Research, 107(2), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1864- 4 THOMSON, S., HAMILTON, C. A., HOPE, J. C., KATZER, F., MABBOTT, N. A., MORRISON, L. J., & INNES, E. A. (2017). Bovine cryptosporidiosis : impact, host ‑parasite interaction and control strategies. Veterinary Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0447-0 TROTZ-WILLIAMS, L. A., WAYNE MARTIN, S., LESLIE, K. E., DUFFIELD, T., NYDAM, D. V., & PEREGRINE, A. S. (2007). Calf-level risk factors for neonatal diarrhea and shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ontario dairy calves. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 82(1–2), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.05.003 VERGARA, C., & QUILEZ, J. (2013). Criptosporidosis: una zoonosis parasitaria. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 WYATT, C. R., RIGGS, M. W., & FAYER, R. (2010). Cryptosporidiosis in Neonatal Calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Food Animal Practice, 26(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.001 |
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales |
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Avendaño Valenzuela, Catalina Esther, dir.Ballesteros Campos, María FernandaPáramo Martínez, Alejandra del PilarUbaté (Cundinamarca, Colombia)Chiquinquirá (Boyacá, Colombia)2019-05-20T14:11:55Z2019-05-20T14:11:55Z2019https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/1441MV010 B14p 2019 (205517)52 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficasCryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that has been shown to have zoonotic potential and be one of the main public health problems, since it can cause serious outbreaks in humans, due to its importance in public health a study was developed in the Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Valley Colombia, where different variables were analyzed such as the number of animals, water source, age, herd size, stool consistency, municipality and housing. We sampled 136 animals between 3 and 30 days of age in 34 farms, fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum, 136 animals sampled, 9 were positive to Cryptosporidium spp, finding a prevalence of 6.6% in animals. The statistical analysis showed a statistically significant relationship (p <0.05) between the presence of oocysts and the municipalities where the samples were taken, in terms of the age of the calves, although most of the authors report that the most frequent age to find oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp., it is 11-20 days, in the present study no positive animal was found, however, this does not mean that oocysts can not be found at this age. Regarding the other variables, no statistically significant relationship was found. In order to assess whether rainfall affects the presence of this parasite, the volume of rainfall in the same geographical area was compared in the years in which the studies were carried out, being for this study the year 2016 and the months of June and July and for the study conducted by Avendaño et al (2012) were the months of February, March and April, finding that there is no statistically significant relationship in terms of the volume of rainfall and the presence of oocysts. Reaffirming the presence of Cryptosporidium spp in the valley of Ubaté - Chiquinquirá and since there is no effective treatment for infection in both animals and humans, it is important to bear in mind the importance of preventing its transmission, to avoid possible outbreaks.Cryptosporidium spp. es un parásito protozoo que ha demostrado tener un potencial zoonótico y ser uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, ya que puede causar graves brotes en humanos, debido a su importancia en la salud pública se desarrolló un estudio en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá Colombia, donde se analizaron diferentes variables como el número de animales reunidos, fuente de agua, edad, tamaño de hato, consistencia de las heces, municipio y alojamiento. Se muestrearon 136 animales entre 3 y 30 días de edad en 34 fincas, las muestras de materia fecal fueron tomadas directamente del recto, de los 136 animales muestreados, 9 fueron positivos a Cryptosporidium spp, encontrando una prevalencia de 6.6% en los animales. El análisis estadístico mostro una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre la presencia de ooquistes y los municipios donde se tomaron las muestras, en cuanto a la edad de los terneros, aunque la mayoría de los autores reportan que la edad más frecuente para encontrar ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp, es de 11-20 días, en el presente estudio no se encontró ningún animal positivo, sin embargo, esto no quiere decir que en esta edad no se puedan encontrar ooquistes. En cuanto a las otras variables no se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa. Al querer si las precipitaciones afectan a la presencia de este parásito, se comparó el volumen de las precipitaciones en la misma zona geográfica en los años donde se realizaron los estudios, siendo para este estudio el año 2016 y los meses de junio y julio y para el estudio realizado por Avendaño et al (2012) fueron los meses de febrero, marzo y abril, encontrando que no hay una relación estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al volumen de las precipitaciones y la presencia de ooquistes. Reafirmando la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp en el Valle de Ubaté – Chiquinquirá y dado que no hay ningún tratamiento eficaz para la infección tanto en animales como en humanos es importante tener en cuenta la importancia de prevenir la transmisión del mismo, para evitar posibles brotesIncluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Veterinarioapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2019Facultad de Ciencias AgropecuariasMedicina VeterinariaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2CriptosporidiosisTerneros -- EnfermedadesParasitología veterinariaCryptosporidium sppPrevalenciaTernerosFactores de riesgoPrevalencia de Cryptosporidium Spp. en terneros menores de 30 dias en el Valle de Ubaté - Chiquinquirá ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85AVENDAÑO, C., & MONTAÑO, J. S. (2012). Contribución al conocimiento de la epidemiología de la criptosporidiosis bovina en el Valle de Chiquinquirá. Revista U.D.C.A Actualización & Divulgación Científica, 15(2), 391–398.AVENDAÑO, C; QUÍLEZ, J; SÁNCHEZ-ACEDO, C. (2010). Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium en terneros en el Valle de Ubaté- Chiquinquirá (Colombia). Revista U.D.C.A Actualización & Divulgación Científica, 13(1), 41–47.AVENDAÑO, C., RAMO, A., VERGARA-CASTIBLANCO, C., SÁNCHEZ-ACEDO, C., & QUÍLEZ, J. (2018). Genetic uniqueness of Cryptosporidium parvum from dairy calves in Colombia. Parasitology Research, 117(5), 1317–1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5818-6AYELE, A., SEYOUM, Z., & LETA, S. (2018). Cryptosporidium infection in bovine calves: prevalence and potential risk factors in northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3219-7BERMUDEZ ALVAREZ, JAVIER, AND XAXIER VALLS BADIA. (2014). “Criptosporidiosis En Reptiles.” Clinica Veterinaria Exotics. https://argos.portalveterinaria.com/noticia/10751/exoticos/criptosporidiosis-enreptiles.html.BROGLIA, A., S. RECKINGER, S. M. CACCIÓ, AND K. NÖCKLER. (2008). “Distribution of Cryptosporidium Parvum Subtypes in Calves in Germany.” Veterinary Parasitology 154(1–2): 8–13.BROOK, E., HART, C. A., FRENCH, N., & CHRISTLEY, R. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young calves. Veterinary Parasitology, 152(1–2), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.003CASTRO HERMIDA, J. A., GONZALES WARLETA, M., & MEZO, M. (2015). Criptosporidiosis En El Ganado Bovino. Laboratorio de Parasitología. Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, 1–10.CAREY, C. M., LEE, H., & TREVORS, J. T. (2004). Biology, persistence and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocyst. Water Research, 38(4), 818–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.012CHALMERS, R. M., & DAVIES, A. P. (2010). Minireview: Clinical cryptosporidiosis. Experimental Parasitology, 124(1), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.02.003CHALMERS, R. (2016). 2.9.4 Criptosporidiosis. In Manual Terrestre de la OIE. Retrieved from http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/esp/Health_standards/tahm/2.09.04_CRYPTO.pdfCLODE, P. L., KOH, W. H., & THOMPSON, R. C. A. (2015). Life without a Host Cell: What is Cryptosporidium? Trends in Parasitology, 31(12), 614–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2015.08.005COOPER, MICHAEL. (2018). “Clark and Champaign County Health Experts Are Investigating an Outbreak of Possibly 23 Cases of Cryptosporidiosis in Humans That’s Been Linked to Dairy Calves Purchased as 4-H Projects.” Springfield news sun. https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/local/clark-champaign-counties-hit outbreak-linked-parasite-calves/LdHmkJfKA2wyPHMQl1kj3N/.CORPORACIÓN AUTÓNOMA REGIONAL DE CUNDINAMARCA (CAR). (2018). Precipitaciones Totales Mensuales. https://www.datos.gov.co/Ambiente-yDesarrollo-Sostenible/Precipitaciones-Totales-Mensuales/mb4n-6m2gDE LA PARTE, M., BRUZUAL, E., BRITO, A., & HURTADO, M. (2005). Cryptosporidium spp. y Criptosporidiosis. Redalycc, 25(1), 87–102.DEL COCO, V. F., CÓRDOBA, M. A., & BASUALDO, J. A. (2009). Criptosporidiosis: Una zoonosis emergente. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 41(3), 185–196.DELAFOSSE, A., CHARTIER, C., DUPUY, M. C., DUMOULIN, M., PORS, I., & PARAUD, C. (2015). Cryptosporidium parvum infection and associated risk factors in dairy calves in western France. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 118(4), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.005DÍAZ, ADELINA. (2002). “Criptosporidiosis En El Ganado Bovino.” In XI Congreso Venezolano de Producción e Industria Animal., Valera, 1–10. https://es.scribd.com/document/126731466/Criptosporidiosis-en-El-GanadoBovino.FAUBERT, A. G. M., & LITVINSKY, Y. (2000). Natural transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum between dams and calves on a dairy farm natural transmission of cryptosporidium parvum between dams and, 86(3), 495–500.FAYER, R., MORGAN, U., & UPTON, S. J. (2000). Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: Transmission, detection and identification. International Journal for Parasitology, 30(12–13), 1305–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020- 7519(00)00135-1FERRAN, A ; BOUQUET, B. (2013). How can the closure of the esophageal groove? Point Vet, 339, 46–47.FOSTER, D. M., & SMITH, G. W. (2009). Pathophysiology of Diarrhea in Calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Food Animal Practice, 25(1), 13–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.013FITZ-SÁNCHEZ, E., ROSARIO-CRUZ, R., HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ, R., HERNÁNDEZ-CASTRO, E., RODRÍGUEZ-BATAZ, E., & GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ, Z. (2013). Cryptosporidium parvum: prevalence and risk factors in calves of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México. / Cryptosporidium parvum: prevalencia y factores de riesgo en becerros del municipio de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México. Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 7(1), 49–61. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lbh&AN=20143024676&la ng=es&site=ehostlive%5Cnhttp://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/ca bdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20143024676%5Cnhttp://200.21.104.25/vetzootec/do wnloads/v7n1a04.pdfGARCÍA, A. M., FERNÁNDEZ, C., LÓPEZ GARCÍA, C., MARTOS GARCÍA, P., & MARÍN CASANOVA, P. (2004). Brotes epidémicos de Criptosporidiosis. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC), 1–10. Retrieved from https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/revisionestematicas/parasitologia/Brotcripto. pdfGARCÍA ROMO, M. DE LOS D. (2007). Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a criptosporidiosis en becerras lactantes de tres establos del estado de aguascalientes,Mexico. Universidad de Colima. Retrieved from http://digeset.ucol.mx/tesis_posgrado/Pdf/Ma_Dolores_Garcia_Romo.pdfGARRO, C. J., MORICI, G. E., UTGÉS, M. E., TOMAZIC, M. L., & SCHNITTGER, L. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors for shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in dairy calves of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. PAREPI, 1(2), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2016.03.008GONZALEZ, A. (2016). Situación actual de criptosporidiosis en regiones lecheras de México. https://www.engormix.com/ganaderia-leche/articulos/situacion-actualcriptosporidiosis-regiones-t30746.htmHAHN, N. E., & CAPUANO, S. V. (2010). Successful treatment of cryptosporidiosis in 2 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) by using paromomycin. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 49(6), 873–875. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2994059&tool=pmcentre z&rendertype=abstractHAMNES, I. S., GJERDE, B., & ROBERTSON, L. (2006). Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway. Veterinary Parasitology, 140(3–4), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.024HARP, J. A., & GOFF, J. P. (1998). Strategies for the Control of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Calves 1, 2. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(1), 289–294.HERNÁNDEZ-GALLO N., HERNÁNDEZ- FLOREZ L. & CORTÉS-VECINO J. A. (2018). Cryptosporidiosis and “One Health.” Rev. Salud Pública, 20 (1): 138–143. Retrieved from https://scielosp.org/pdf/rsap/2018.v20n1/138-143/esHIJJAWI, N. (2010). Cryptosporidium: New developments in cell culture. Experimental Parasitology, 124(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.05.015HULVERSON, M. A., VINAYAK, S., CHOI, R., SCHAEFER, D. A., CASTELLANOSGONZALEZ, A., VIDADALA, R. S. R., OJO, K. K. (2017). Bumped-Kinase Inhibitors for Therapy of Cryptosporidiosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1–9.KLEIN, P. (2008). Preventive and therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone-lactate against Cryptosporidium parvum in spontaneously infected calves: A centralised, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Veterinary Journal, 177(3), 429–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.007LONDOÑO, ANA PILAR. (2010). “Determinación de La Presencia de Cryptosporidium En Reptiles Alojados En El Centro de Recepción de Flora y Fauna Silvestre de La Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente, Bogotá, Colombia.” Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales. https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/192.NASIR, A., AVAIS, M., KHAN, M. S., KHAN, J. A., HAMEED, S., & REICHEL, M. P. (2013). Treating Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Calves. Journal of Parasitology, 99(4), 715–717. https://doi.org/10.1645/12-42.1NETO, V. A., MARIA, L., BRAZ, A., OTAVIANI, A., PIETRO, D., MÓDOLO, R., & PAULO, S. (1996). Pesquisa de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes: Comparação entre os métodos de kinyoun modificado e de Heine. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 29, 575–578.OGENDO, A., OBONYO, M., WASSWA, P., BITEK, A., MBUGUA, A., & THUMBI, S. M. (2017). Supplement article Cryptosporidium infection in calves and the environment in Asembo, Western Kenya : 2015, 28(Supp 1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.28.1.9313OLLIVETT, T. L., NYDAM, D. V., BOWMAN, D. D., ZAMBRISKI, J. A., BELLOSA, M. L., LINDEN, T. C., & DIVERS, T. J. (2009). Effect of nitazoxanide on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(4), 1643–1648. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1474PALACIOS O., T. (2017). Prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. y Giardia spp. en terneros, y su presencia en agua y en niños con problemas digestivos en el cantón San Fernando, Ecuador. Maskana, 8(1), 111-119. 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Retrieved from http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3933PULIDO-MEDELLÍN, M. O., ANDRADE-BECERRA, R. J., IVÁN RODRÍGUEZVIVAS, R., & GARCIA-CORREDOR, D. J. (2014). Prevalencia y posibles factores de riesgo en la excreción de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp en bovinos de Boyacá, Colombia. Prevalence and possible risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp oocyst excretion in dairy cattle in Boyacá, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 5(3), 357–364.QUILEZ, J., SANCHEZ-ACEDO, C., AVENDAÑO, C., DEL CACHO, E., & LOPEZBERNAD, F. (2005). Efficacy of two peroxygen-based disinfectants for inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Applied and environmental microbiology, 71(5), 2479-83. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.5.2479R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. (2008). R: A language and environment for Statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.r-project.org.RODRÍGUEZ B,1 MVZ,, E., MANRIQUE-ABRIL,2* PH.D,, F., MARTÍN PULIDO M,3 MVZ, M. AND OSPINA-DÍAZ,3 M.SC., J. (2009). Frecuencia de Cryptosporidium spp en caninos de la ciudad de Tunja-Colombia. [online] Revistas.unicordoba.edu.co. Available at: http://revistas.unicordoba.edu.co/revistamvz/mvz-142/v14n2a5.pdfRODRIGUEZ, JUAN CARLOS, AND GLORIA ROYO. (2000). “Cryptosporidium y Criptosporidiosis.” Control Calidad SEIMC: 1–7. https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/revisionestematicas/parasitologia/crypto.pdf.ROSALES, M. J., PERÉZ CORDÓN, G., SÁNCHEZ MORENO, M., MARÍN SÁNCHEZ, C., & MASCARÓ, C. (2005). Extracellular like-gregarine stages of Cryptosporidium parvum. Acta Tropica, 95(1), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.03.009RYAN, U., PAPARINI, A., MONIS, P., & HIJJAWI, N. (2016). It’s official ??? Cryptosporidium is a gregarine: What are the implications for the water industry? Water Research, 105, 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.013SÁNCHEZ, R., ROMERO, J., & ROSSANIGO, C. (2013). Epidemiología y control de Coccidios y Cryposporidium. Enfermedades Parasitarias de Importancia Clínica y Productiva En Rumiantes, (July 2016), 357–380. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2749.8485SANTÍN, M., TROUT, J. M., & FAYER, R. (2008). A longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle from birth to 2 years of age. Veterinary Parasitology, 155(1–2), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.018SCHAEFER, D. A., BETZER, D. P., SMITH, K. D., MILLMAN, Z. G., MICHALSKI, H. C., MENCHACA, S. E., RIGGS, M. W. (2016). Novel bumped kinase inhibitors are safe and effective therapeutics in the calf clinical model for cryptosporidiosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 214(12), 1856–1864. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw488SILVERLÅS, C. (2010). Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 77. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2219/1/silverlas_c_100129.pdf%5Cnhttp://urn.kb.se/resolv e?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-3041SISCHO, W. M., ATWILL, E. R., LANYON, L. E., & GEORGE, J. (2000). Cryptosporidia on dairy farms and the role these farms may have in contaminating surface water supplies in the northeastern United States. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 43(4), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00107-5SMITH, H. V., CACCIÒ, S. M., COOK, N., NICHOLS, R. A. B., & TAIT, A. (2007). Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses. Veterinary Parasitology, 149(1–2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.015STARKEY, S. R., KIMBER, K. R., WADE, S. E., SCHAAF, S. L., WHITE, M. E., & MOHAMMED, H. O. (2006). Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection on Dairy Farms in a New York State Watershed. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(11), 4229–4236. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72468-7STOCKDALE, H., JENNIFER, A., & BLAGBURN, B. L. (2008). Cryptosporidium and Criptosporidiosis. Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy. In: Fayer, R. y Xiao, L., Editors. 2nd edition, p.255-288.SZONYI, B., BORDONARO, R., WADE, S. E., & MOHAMMED, H. O. (2010). Seasonal variation in the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle in the New York City Watershed. Parasitology Research, 107(2), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1864- 4THOMSON, S., HAMILTON, C. A., HOPE, J. C., KATZER, F., MABBOTT, N. A., MORRISON, L. J., & INNES, E. A. (2017). Bovine cryptosporidiosis : impact, host ‑parasite interaction and control strategies. Veterinary Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0447-0TROTZ-WILLIAMS, L. A., WAYNE MARTIN, S., LESLIE, K. E., DUFFIELD, T., NYDAM, D. V., & PEREGRINE, A. S. (2007). Calf-level risk factors for neonatal diarrhea and shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ontario dairy calves. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 82(1–2), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.05.003VERGARA, C., & QUILEZ, J. (2013). Criptosporidosis: una zoonosis parasitaria. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004WYATT, C. R., RIGGS, M. W., & FAYER, R. (2010). Cryptosporidiosis in Neonatal Calves. 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en las Obras Colectivas;
b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda;
c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas.Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).
4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:
a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).
b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.
c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

 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