Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro

In vitro embryo production (IEP) is a reproducti- ve biotechnology that impacts livestock systems favoring breeding and which have also been uti- lized as research models for embryo development in other species. For the development of this method, oocytes in vivo are collected through laparoscopy an...

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Autores:
Gonella Diaza, Ángela María
Atuesta Bustos, Jorge Eduardo
Bernal Ulloa, Sandra Milena
Chacón Jaramillo, Liliana
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2013
Institución:
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UDCA
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/3484
Acceso en línea:
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6285691
Palabra clave:
Biotecnología
Espermatozoides
Oocitos
Desarrollo Embrionario
Biotechnology
Embryonic develop- ment
Spermatozoids
Fertilization
Oocytes
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Overview of the production of bovine embryos in vitro
Panorâmica da produção de embriões bovinos in vitro
title Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
spellingShingle Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
Biotecnología
Espermatozoides
Oocitos
Desarrollo Embrionario
Biotechnology
Embryonic develop- ment
Spermatozoids
Fertilization
Oocytes
title_short Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
title_full Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
title_fullStr Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
title_sort Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Gonella Diaza, Ángela María
Atuesta Bustos, Jorge Eduardo
Bernal Ulloa, Sandra Milena
Chacón Jaramillo, Liliana
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Gonella Diaza, Ángela María
Atuesta Bustos, Jorge Eduardo
Bernal Ulloa, Sandra Milena
Chacón Jaramillo, Liliana
dc.subject.mesh.spa.fl_str_mv Biotecnología
Espermatozoides
Oocitos
Desarrollo Embrionario
topic Biotecnología
Espermatozoides
Oocitos
Desarrollo Embrionario
Biotechnology
Embryonic develop- ment
Spermatozoids
Fertilization
Oocytes
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Biotechnology
Embryonic develop- ment
Spermatozoids
Fertilization
Oocytes
description In vitro embryo production (IEP) is a reproducti- ve biotechnology that impacts livestock systems favoring breeding and which have also been uti- lized as research models for embryo development in other species. For the development of this method, oocytes in vivo are collected through laparoscopy and ultrasound guided follicular aspiration, or through ovaries collected from slaughterhouses. The oocytes are subjected to maturation processes in vitro using various cul- ture media, addition of gonadotropins and growth factors. Spermatozoids undergo in vitro sperm ca- pacitacion process, where fertilization capacity is adquired and live spermatozoids are separa- ted from the seminal components and Cryopro- tectants. The oocyte–sperm co-culture for the in vitro fertilization is carried out in a media that promotes maximum sperm activity and zona pe- llucida penetration. For in vitro fertilization is ca- rried out in a medium favorable to sperm activity and pellucid zone penetration. Subsequently, the collected embryos are subjected to culture media that contain energy sources, amino acids and growth factors in order to maintain their sur- vival and development. Currently, IEP in cattle has become large-scale and is working on stan- dardization process for other species. Through PIV, biotechnologies such as cloning and trans- genesis have been developed. The aim of this review is to describe the PIV phases and their relation with the physiological events of fertiliza- tion and early embryo development.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2013
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-08-10T19:05:17Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-08-10T19:05:17Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Diaza, A. M. G., Bustos, J. E. A., Ulloa, S. M. B., & Jaramillo, L. C. (2013). Overview of the production of bovine embryos in vitro/Generalidades de la produccion de embriones bovinos in vitro/Panoramica da producao de embrioes bovinos in vitro. Revista de Investigacion Agraria y Ambiental, 4(1), 65.
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identifier_str_mv Diaza, A. M. G., Bustos, J. E. A., Ulloa, S. M. B., & Jaramillo, L. C. (2013). Overview of the production of bovine embryos in vitro/Generalidades de la produccion de embriones bovinos in vitro/Panoramica da producao de embrioes bovinos in vitro. Revista de Investigacion Agraria y Ambiental, 4(1), 65.
2145-6453
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental.-- Vol. 4. No.1. (Ene. - Jun., 2013). -- páginas 65-80
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spelling Gonella Diaza, Ángela MaríaAtuesta Bustos, Jorge EduardoBernal Ulloa, Sandra MilenaChacón Jaramillo, Liliana2020-08-10T19:05:17Z2020-08-10T19:05:17Z2013Diaza, A. M. G., Bustos, J. E. A., Ulloa, S. M. B., & Jaramillo, L. C. (2013). Overview of the production of bovine embryos in vitro/Generalidades de la produccion de embriones bovinos in vitro/Panoramica da producao de embrioes bovinos in vitro. Revista de Investigacion Agraria y Ambiental, 4(1), 65.2145-6453https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6285691In vitro embryo production (IEP) is a reproducti- ve biotechnology that impacts livestock systems favoring breeding and which have also been uti- lized as research models for embryo development in other species. For the development of this method, oocytes in vivo are collected through laparoscopy and ultrasound guided follicular aspiration, or through ovaries collected from slaughterhouses. The oocytes are subjected to maturation processes in vitro using various cul- ture media, addition of gonadotropins and growth factors. Spermatozoids undergo in vitro sperm ca- pacitacion process, where fertilization capacity is adquired and live spermatozoids are separa- ted from the seminal components and Cryopro- tectants. The oocyte–sperm co-culture for the in vitro fertilization is carried out in a media that promotes maximum sperm activity and zona pe- llucida penetration. For in vitro fertilization is ca- rried out in a medium favorable to sperm activity and pellucid zone penetration. Subsequently, the collected embryos are subjected to culture media that contain energy sources, amino acids and growth factors in order to maintain their sur- vival and development. Currently, IEP in cattle has become large-scale and is working on stan- dardization process for other species. Through PIV, biotechnologies such as cloning and trans- genesis have been developed. The aim of this review is to describe the PIV phases and their relation with the physiological events of fertiliza- tion and early embryo development.A produção in vitro de embriões (PIV) é uma bio- tecnologia reprodutiva com efeitos nos sistemas de criação de gado favorecendo o melhoramento gené- tico e também tem sido usada como um modelo de pesquisa do desenvolvimento embrionário em outras espécies. Para o desenvolvimento desta técnica, são coletados ovócitos in vivo via laparoscopica: Para o desenvolvimento desta técnica,são coletados ovóci- tos in vivo por laparoscopiaou aspiração folicular por ultrassonografia ou atravésde ovários colhidos em abatedouro. Os ovócitos são submetidos a proces- sos de maturação in vitro, utilizando-se vários meios, adição de gonadotrofinas e fatores de crescimento. Os espermatozóides são submetidos a tratamento na capacitação espermática in vitro, onde adquirem a capacidade de fertilização e são separados os es- permatozoides vivos dos componentes seminais e crioprotetores. Para a fertilização in vitro é utilizada uma co-cultura de espermatozoides e ovócitos num meio que promove a atividade espermática e a pe- netração na zona pelúcida. Subsequentemente, os embriões são submetidos à cultura em meios con- tendo fontes de energia, aminoácidos e fatores de crescimento, a fim de manter a sua sobrevivência e crescimento. Na atualidade a técnica PIV em bovi- nos é massificada e se trabalha em processos de padronização em outras espécies. A partir do PIV foi dado o desenvolvimento de novas biotecnologias, como a clonagem e transgênese. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever as fases da PIV e sua relação com os eventos fisiológicos da fecundação e desen- volvimento embrionário inicial.La producción de embriones in vitro (PIV) es una biotecnología reproductiva que impacta los siste- mas ganaderos favoreciendo el mejoramiento ge- nético y que también se ha utilizado como modelo de investigación del desarrollo embrionario en otras especies. Para el desarrollo de ésta técnica, se co- lectan oocitos in vivo por medio de laparoscopia y aspiración folicular guiada por ultrasonografía ó a través de ovarios recolectados en plantas de sacri- ficio. Los oocitos son sometidos a procesos de ma- duración in vitro, utilizando diversos medios, adición de gonadotropinas y factores de crecimiento. Los espermatozoides son sometidos a tratamientos de capacitación espermática in vitro, donde adquieren capacidad fertilizante y se separan los espermato- zoides vivos de los componentes seminales y crio-protectores. Para la fertilización in vitro se realiza un cocultivo de espermatozoides y oocitos en un medio que favorece la actividad espermática y penetración de la zona pelúcida. Posteriormente, los embriones obtenidos son sometidos a cultivo en medios que contengan fuentes de energía, aminoácidos y fac- tores de crecimiento, con el fin de mantener su so- brevivencia y desarrollo. En la actualidad la técnica de PIV en bovinos se ha masificado y se trabaja en los procesos de estandarización en otras especies. A partir de la PIV se dio el desarrollo de nuevas bio- tecnologías como la clonación y transgénesis. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las fases de la PIV y su relación con los eventos fisiológicos de la fertilización y desarrollo embrionario temprano.Incluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfspaRevista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental.-- Vol. 4. No.1. 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en las Obras Colectivas;
b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda;
c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas.Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).
4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:
a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).
b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.
c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

