Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L.
Amaranthus hybridus L., known as bledo, is a weed in a wide variety of crops worldwide, characterized by producing high number of seeds with dormancy. To generate sustainable management strategies of this species, it is necessary to better understand the physiology of its seeds. Therefore, the objec...
- Autores:
-
Niño Hernandez, Juan Camilo
Moreno, David Felipe
Ruiz Berrío, Hernán David
Balaguera Lopez, Helber Enrique
Magnitskiy, Stanislav
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/3680
- Acceso en línea:
- https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1545
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n2.2020.1545
- Palabra clave:
- Tetrazolio
Latencia
Hormonas
Semillas fotoblásticas
Manejo de malezas
Profundidad de siembra
Amaranthus hybridus
Semillas
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
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Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Light, gibberellins and burial depth affect seed germination of Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| title |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| spellingShingle |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. Tetrazolio Latencia Hormonas Semillas fotoblásticas Manejo de malezas Profundidad de siembra Amaranthus hybridus Semillas |
| title_short |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| title_full |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| title_fullStr |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| title_sort |
Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Niño Hernandez, Juan Camilo Moreno, David Felipe Ruiz Berrío, Hernán David Balaguera Lopez, Helber Enrique Magnitskiy, Stanislav |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Niño Hernandez, Juan Camilo Moreno, David Felipe Ruiz Berrío, Hernán David Balaguera Lopez, Helber Enrique Magnitskiy, Stanislav |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tetrazolio Latencia Hormonas Semillas fotoblásticas Manejo de malezas |
| topic |
Tetrazolio Latencia Hormonas Semillas fotoblásticas Manejo de malezas Profundidad de siembra Amaranthus hybridus Semillas |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Profundidad de siembra Amaranthus hybridus Semillas |
| description |
Amaranthus hybridus L., known as bledo, is a weed in a wide variety of crops worldwide, characterized by producing high number of seeds with dormancy. To generate sustainable management strategies of this species, it is necessary to better understand the physiology of its seeds. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of light, gibberellins, and seed burying depth on seed germination of bledo. In the first experiment, four light conditions were evaluated (red, blue, without light and natural light (control)), in the second experiment the seeds were imbibed in different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 200, 400 and 800mg L-1 of GA3), and in the last experiment, 8 planting depths were evaluated (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80mm) using peat as a substrate. A higher percentage of seed germination in darkness was found, indicating that this species had negative photoblastic seeds. For the gibberellin experiment, the best result was obtained with treatment with 400 and 800mg L-1of gibberellic acid. In the third experiment, a high percentage of seedling emergence was observed from the first depths (10mm to 30mm); the greater was the depth, the less emergence was found. The differential responses to light, the application of gibberellins, and the high percentage of non-germinated viable seeds allowed to conclude that bledo seeds possess physiological dormancy. |
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2020 |
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2020-11-10T16:44:46Z |
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2020-11-10T16:44:46Z |
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2020-07 |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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Text |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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0123-4226 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1545 |
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https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n2.2020.1545 |
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0123-4226 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1545 https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n2.2020.1545 |
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spa |
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spa |
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Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 23 No. 2 (Jul.-Dic., 2020). -- páginas 1-10 |
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Agricultura |
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales |
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
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Derechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Bogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2020 |
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Niño Hernandez, Juan CamiloMoreno, David FelipeRuiz Berrío, Hernán DavidBalaguera Lopez, Helber EnriqueMagnitskiy, Stanislav2020-11-10T16:44:46Z2020-11-10T16:44:46Z2020-070123-4226https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/1545https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n2.2020.1545Amaranthus hybridus L., known as bledo, is a weed in a wide variety of crops worldwide, characterized by producing high number of seeds with dormancy. To generate sustainable management strategies of this species, it is necessary to better understand the physiology of its seeds. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of light, gibberellins, and seed burying depth on seed germination of bledo. In the first experiment, four light conditions were evaluated (red, blue, without light and natural light (control)), in the second experiment the seeds were imbibed in different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 200, 400 and 800mg L-1 of GA3), and in the last experiment, 8 planting depths were evaluated (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80mm) using peat as a substrate. A higher percentage of seed germination in darkness was found, indicating that this species had negative photoblastic seeds. For the gibberellin experiment, the best result was obtained with treatment with 400 and 800mg L-1of gibberellic acid. In the third experiment, a high percentage of seedling emergence was observed from the first depths (10mm to 30mm); the greater was the depth, the less emergence was found. The differential responses to light, the application of gibberellins, and the high percentage of non-germinated viable seeds allowed to conclude that bledo seeds possess physiological dormancy.Amaranthus hybridus L., conocido como bledo, es una planta maleza en una gran variedad de cultivos en el mundo, que se caracteriza por producir alto número de semillas latentes. Para generar estrategias de manejo sostenibles en esta especie es necesario comprender mejor la fisiología de sus semillas. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la luz, de las giberelinas y la profundidad de la siembra sobre la germinación de semillas de bledo. En un primer experimento, se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos de luz (rojo, azul, sin luz y luz natural «testigo»); en el segundo, se imbibieron semillas en diferentes concentraciones de ácido giberélico (0, 200, 400 y 800mg L-1 de GA3) y, en un último experimento, se evaluaron ocho profundidades de siembra (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 y 80mm), utilizando turba como sustrato. Se encontró mayor porcentaje de germinación en oscuridad, indicando que son semillas fotoblásticas negativas. Para el experimento de giberelinas, el mejor resultado se obtuvo con 400 y 800mg L-1 de ácido giberélico. En el tercer experimento, se observó alto porcentaje de emergencia de plántulas en las primeras profundidades (10mm a 30mm); a mayor profundidad hubo menor emergencia. La respuesta diferencial a la luz, a la aplicación de las giberelinas y el alto porcentaje de semillas viables que no germinaron permite concluir que semillas de bledo poseen latencia fisiológica.Incluye referencias bibliográficasapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2020Revista UDCA : Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Bogotá). -- Vol. 23 No. 2 (Jul.-Dic., 2020). -- páginas 1-10AgriculturaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Luz, giberelinas y profundidad de siembra inciden sobre la germinación de semillas de Amaranthus hybridus L.Light, gibberellins and burial depth affect seed germination of Amaranthus hybridus L.Artículo de 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 nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

 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