"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios"
83 páginas : gráficas
- Autores:
-
Pinzón Tique, Yulieth Andrea
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UDCA
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- spa
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- oai:repository.udca.edu.co:11158/2754
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/2754
- Palabra clave:
- Perros
Comportamiento animal
Etología
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"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| title |
"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| spellingShingle |
"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" Perros Comportamiento animal Etología |
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"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| title_full |
"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| title_fullStr |
"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| title_full_unstemmed |
"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| title_sort |
"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios" |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Pinzón Tique, Yulieth Andrea |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
González Niño, Juan Camilo, dir. |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Pinzón Tique, Yulieth Andrea |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Perros Comportamiento animal Etología |
| topic |
Perros Comportamiento animal Etología |
| description |
83 páginas : gráficas |
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2019 |
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2019 |
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2020-02-12T19:34:51Z |
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2020-02-12T19:34:51Z |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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MV022 P35a 2019 (205839) |
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Adams, K.; Navarro, A.; Hutchinson, E. & Leed, J. (2004). A canine socialization and training program at the National Institute of Health. Laboratory Animals, 33 (1), 32-36 Agreda, M. (2017 june). Guía completa para la prevención de la ansiedad por separación. Angora animal, 1, 14. ALAGUNA, C. (2017). PROBLEMAS DE COMPORTAMIENTO, ENTRE LAS PRINCIPALES CAUSAS DE ABANDONO DE PERROS. NOVIEMBRE 2, 2018, DE VANGUARDIA/ MASCOTAS SITIO WEB: WWW.VANGUARDIA.COM Amat, M., T. Camps, S. Le Brech & X. Manteca (2014). “Separation anxiety in dogs: the implications of predictability and contextual fear for behavioural treatment.” Animal Welfare 23(3): 263-266. Appleby D, Pluijmakers J. Separation anxiety in dogs. The function of homeostasis in its development and treatment. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2003; 33 (2): 321- 344Ballantyne, K. C. (2018). Separation, Confinement, or Noises: What Is Scaring That Dog? Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. Barrera, G. (2 de septiembre 2013). Evaluación del Temperamento en Perros de Refugio y de Familia. Un Estudio Comparativo. Bdigital, Vol 22 # 2, 320. Barrera, G., Jakovcevic, A., & Bentosela, M. (2008). Calidad de vida en perros alojados en refugios: intervenciones para mejorar su bienestar. Artículos en PDF disponibles desde 1994 hasta 2013. A partir de 2014 visítenos en www. elsevier. es/sumapsicol, 15(2), 337-354. Bollen, K. & Horowitz, J. (2008). Behavioral evaluation and demographic information in the assessment of aggressiveness in shelter dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 112, 120-135. Bradshaw JWS, McPherson JA, Casey RA, et al: Aetiology of separation related behaviour in the domestic dog. Vet Rec 151:43-46, 2002 Bowman, A., escocés, SPCA, Dowell, FJ y Evans, NP (2017). El efecto de diferentes géneros de música en los niveles de estrés de los perros en perreras. Fisiología y comportamiento, 171 , 207-215. Butler, R., Sargisson, R. J., & Elliffe, D. (2011). The efficacy of systematic desensitization for treating the separation-related problem behaviour of domestic dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 129(2-4), pp. 136-145. Vlamis, G. (1990). Flores de Bach Remedios al rescate . Tradiciones internas / Bear & Co. Overall KL. Animal behavior case of the month. A dog was examined because of profound separation anxiety. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;212(11):1702–1704. PÁEZ, H. L. G. ANSIEDAD POR SEPARACIÓN EN CANINOS LLEVADO AL LENGUAJE REPERTORIAL. 2015 Papini, M. & Dudley, R. T. (1997). Consequences of surprising reward omissions. Review of General Psychology, 1, 175-197. Parthasarathy, V., & Crowell-Davis, S. L. (2006). Relationship between attachment to owners and separation anxiety in pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 1(3), 109-120. Pageat P: General psycho-psychology and nosography of behaviour disorders of dogs, in Pathologic du comportement du chien. 2ème édition. 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En Colombia hay 900 mil animales domésticos abandonados. 09-01-2019, de RCN Radio Ruppenthal, G.C., Arling, G.L., Harlow, H.F., Sackett, G.P., & Suomi, S.J. (1976). A 10- year perspective of motherless-mother monkey behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 341–349. Salman, M.; New, J.; Scarlett, J.; Kass, P.; RuchGallie, R. & Hetts, S. (1998). Human and animal factors related to the relinquishment of dogs and cats in 12 selected animal shelter in USA. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 1, 207-226. Van Rooy, PD., Thomson, PC, McGreevy, PD, y Wade, CM (2018). Factores de riesgo de comportamientos relacionados con la separación en perros perdigueros australianos. Ciencia del comportamiento animal aplicada. Salman, M.; Hutchison, J. & Ruch-Gallie, R. (2000). Behavioral reasons for relinquishment of dogs and cats to 12 shelters. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 3 (2), 93-106. Sackett, G.P. (1967). Some persistent effects of different rearing conditions on preadult social behavior of monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 64, 363–365. Scaglia, E., Cannas, S., Minero, M., Frank, D., Bassi, A., & Palestrini, C. (2013). Video analysis of adult dogs when left home alone. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 8(6), 412-417. Schwartz, S. (2003). Separation anxiety syndrome in dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 222(11), 1526-1532. Schipper, L.; Vinke, C.; Schilder, M. y Spruijt, B. (En prensa). The effect of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (Canis familiaris). Applied Animal Behaviour Science Van der Borg, J., Netto, W. & Planta, D. (1991). Behavioural testing of dogs in animal shelters to predict problem behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 32, 237-251. Shin, Y. J., & Shin, N. S. (2016). Evaluation of effects of olfactory and auditory stimulation on separation anxiety by salivary cortisol measurement in dogs. Journal of veterinary science, 17(2), 153-158 Sequera, K., Kong, N., & Ogata, N. (2017). Acoustic Analysis of Vocalizations for Detecting Separation Anxiety in Dogs. Servatius, R. J., Ottenweller, J. E., & Natelson, B. H. (1995). Delayed startle sensitization distinguishes rats exposed to one or three stress sessions: Further evidence toward an animal model of PTSD. Biological Psychiatry, 38(8), 539-546. Sherman, B.; Mills, D. 2008. Canine Anxieties and Phobias: An Update on Separation Anxiety and Noise Aversions. Vet. Clin. Small. Anim. 38, 1081–1106. Valsecchi, P., Barnard, S., Stefanini, C., & Normando, S. (2011). Temperament test for re-homed dogs validated through direct behavioral observation in shelter and home environment. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 6, 161-177. Simpson, B. S. 2000. Canine separation anxiety. Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract. 22(4), 328- 339. 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Tuber, D.; Miller, D.; Caris, K.; Halter, R.; Linden, F. & Hennessy, M. (1999). Dogs in animal shelters: problems, suggestions and needed expertise. Psychological Science, 10 (3), 379-386. Tiira, K., Sulkama, S., & Lohi, H. (2016). Prevalence, comorbidity, and behavioral variation in canine anxiety. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 16, 36-44. Thielke, L. E., & Udell, M. A. (2017). The role of oxytocin in relationships between dogs and humans and potential applications for the treatment of separation anxiety in dogs. Biological Reviews, 92(1), 378-388. Tod, E.; Brander, D. & Waran, N. (2005). Efficacy of dog appeasing pheromone in reducing stress and fear related behaviour in shelter dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 93, 295-308. Cannas, S., Talamonti, Z., Mazzola, S., Minero, M., Picciolini, A., & Palestrini, C. (2018). Factors associated with dog behavioral problems referred to a behavior clinic. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 24, 42-47. 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TERAPIA FARMACOLÓGICA COMBINADA DE ALPRAZOLAMFLUOXETINA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LOS PROBLEMAS RELACIONADOS CON ANSIEDAD EN PERROS. FCV-LUZ, Vol. XXVII, N° 6, 375 - 384, 10. González-Martínez, Á., Rosado, B., García-Belenguer, S., & Suárez, M. (2012). Síndrome de disfunción cognitiva en el perro geriátrico. Clínica veterinaria de pequeños animales: revista oficial de AVEPA, Asociación Veterinaria Española de Especialistas en Pequeños Animales, 32(3), 0159-167. Graham, L.; Wells, D. & Hepper, P. (2005). The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behavior of dogs housed in a rescue shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91, 143- 153 H. B. LAHITTE, H. R. FERRARI E L. LÁZARO. (2002). Sobre el Etograma, 1: DeI Etograma como Lenguaje al Lenguaje de los Etogramas. Revista de Etologia, Vol.4, JV02, 13. Heiblum, M. (2014). Ansiedad por separación. En ETOLOGIA CLINICA DE PERROS Y GATOS (102). México D.F: D.R. © U n i versidad Nacional A u t ónoma de México Hernandez, P. (2012). Ansiedad Por Separacion. En Manual de etologia canina (212). Zaragoza-España: SerVet. p 89 a116. Hernandez, P. (diciembre 2017). Experiencia en el uso de trazodona en casos de ansiedad por separación en perros. Grupo de especialidades de etologia clinica AVEPA, 1, 16. Herron, M. E., L. K. Lord & S. E. Husseini (2014). “Effects of preadoption counseling on the prevention of separation anxiety in newly adopted shelter dogs.” Journal of Veterinary Behavior-Clinical Applications and Research 9(1): 13-21. Hennessy, M.; Voith, V.; Mazzei, S.; Buttram, J.; Miller, D. & Linden, F. (2001). Behavior and cortisol levels of dogs in a public animal shelter, and an exploration of the ability of these measures to predict problem behaviour after adoption. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 73, 217-233. Hennessy, M.; Morris, A. & Linden, F. (2006). Evaluation of the effects of socialization program in a prison on behavior and pituitary-adrenal hormone levels of shelter dogs. 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King JN, Simpson BS, Overall KL, et al: Treatment of separation anxiety in dogs with clomipramine: results from a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre clinical trial. Appl Anim Behav Sci 67:255-275, 2000 Landsberg, G. M., DePorter, T., & Araujo, J. A. (2011). Clinical signs and management of anxiety, sleeplessness, and cognitive dysfunction in the senior pet. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 41(3), 565-590. Lazarus, R. S. (2005). Estres y procesos cognitivos. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, vol. 37, núm. 1, pp. 207-209. Ledger, R.A., 1998. The temperament assessment of dogs in a rescue shelter: improving owner-dog compatibility. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Brunel University, 1998. Lichstein, L., & Sackett, G.P. (1971). Reactions by differentially raised rhesus monkeys to noxious stimulation. Developmental Psychobiology, 4, 339–352. Lindsay RL: Attachment, separation, and related problems, in Handbook of applied dog behavior and training, etiology and assessment of behaviour problems. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 2000, pp 93-129 Lucidi, P.; Bernabo, N.; Panunzi, M.; Dalla Villa, P. & Mattioli, M. (2005). Ethotest: A new model to identify (shelter) dogs’ skills as service animals or adoptable pets. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95, 103-122 Luescher, A.; Medlock, R. & Beck, A. (2007). The effects of training and environmental alterations on adoption success of shelter dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2 (3), 98 Lund, J. D., & Jørgensen, M. C. (1999). Behaviour patterns and time course of activity in dogs with separation problems. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 63(3), 219-236. Manteca, X. 2003b. Ontogenia de la Conducta, periodo sensible de socialización. Comportamiento normal del perro. Etología Clínica Veterinaria del perro y del gato 3ª Ed. Barcelona, España. Editorial Multimédica. Barcelona, España. Pp 21-28. 58. Martson, L. & Bennett, P. (2003). Reforging the bond-towards successful canine adoption. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 83, 227- 245. Wells, D. & Hepper, P. (1992). The behaviour of dogs in a rescue shelter. Animal Welfare, 1, 171-186. Mariotti, V., Fatjó i Ríos, J., Amat Grau, M., & Manteca Vilanova, X. (2008). Apuntes de... Etología: Diagnósticos diferenciales y factores implicados en un problema de destructividad en el perro. Clínica veterinaria de pequeños animales, 28(4), 291-293. Mason, W.A. (1961). The effects of social restriction on the behavior of rhesus monkeys: II. Tests of gregariousness. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 54, 287–290 Mertens, P. A., & Unshelm, J. (1996). Effects of group and individual housing on the behavior of kennelled dogs in animal shelters. Anthrozoös, 9(1), 40-51. Mcgreevy P.; Masters, A. 2008. Risk factors for separation-related distress and feedrelated aggression in dogs: Additional findings from a survey of Australian dog owners. Appl. Anim. Behav.Meehan, C. L. & Mench, J. A. (2002). Environmental enrichment affects the fear and exploratory responses to novelty of young Amazon parrots. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 79(1), 75-88. Meghan E. Herron, Linda K. Lord, Sarah E. Husseini, Effects of preadoption counseling on the prevention of separation anxiety newly adopted shelter dogs, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, Volume 9, Issue 1,2014, Pages 13-21, ISSN 1558-7878 Michelle G Craske, Murray B Stein, Anxiety, The Lancet, Volume 388, Issue 10063,2016, Pages 3048-3059,Mitchell, G.D., Harlow, H.F., Griffin, G.A., & Moller, G.W. (1967). Repeated maternal separation in the monkey. Psychonomic Science, 8, 197–198. Mitchell, G.D., Harlow, H.F., Griffin, G.A., & Moller, G.W. (1967). Repeated maternal separation in the monkey. Psychonomic Science, 8, 197–198. Mineka, S., & Suomi, S.J. (1978). Social separation in monkeys. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1376–1400. Miklósi, A., Pongrácz, P., Lakatos, G., Topál, J., & Csányi, V. (2005). A comparative study of dog-human and cat-human interactions in communicative contexts. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 119, 179-186 Weiss, E. & Greenberg, G. (1997). Service dog selection tests: Effectiveness for dogs from animal shelters. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 53, 297-308. Newberry, R. (1995). Environmental enrichment: increasing the biological relevance of captive environments. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 44, 229-243. Neilson, J. C., Eckstein, R. A., & Hart, B. L. (1997). Effects of castration on problem behavior in male dogs with reference to age and duration of behavior. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 211, 180-200. OIE (2016). Las normas de la OIE sobre bienestar animal, Guadalajara, Mexico. Conferencia mundial de la OIE sobre bienestar animal. O’Farrell V: Stress, anxiety and arousal, in Manual of canine behaviour. 2nd edition, Gloucestershire, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 1992, pp 37-44 Ogata, N., & Dodman, N. H. (2011). The use of clonidine in the treatment of fear-based behavior problems in dogs: An open trial. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 6(2), pp.130-137.. Ogata, N. (2016). Ansiedad por separación en perros: ¿Qué progreso se ha hecho en nuestra comprensión de los problemas de comportamiento más comunes en perros? Revista de comportamiento veterinario: aplicaciones clínicas e investigación, 16, 28-35. Overall KL: Fear, anxieties, and stereotypies, in Clinical behavioral medicine for small animals. St. Louis, Mosby, 1997, pp 209-250.-+ Overall, K.L. 2013. Abnormal canine behaviors and behavioral pathologies nor primary involving pathological agression. Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for dogs and cats. Firsy Ed. Edit Elsevier. St. Louis, United States of America. Pp 238-249. |
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González Niño, Juan Camilo, dir.Pinzón Tique, Yulieth Andrea2020-02-12T19:34:51Z2020-02-12T19:34:51Z2019https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/2754MV022 P35a 2019 (205839)83 páginas : gráficasSeparation anxiety syndrome (ASC) is a behavioral problem that in Colombia has not been treated extensively, that is why the objective of the review is to update information about its main characteristics. In addition, it is necessary to explore the subject specifically in canines admitted to adoption agencies, humanitarian agencies, societies, and other shelters. It was considered to make widely known the situation of canine shelters in the different countries where studies of the subject were found, research was found in Spain, Australia, Germany, among others, about the behavior problems of shelter dogs, situation of separation anxiety syndrome in shelters, measures to be implemented to improve the welfare of animals, as well as articles that talk about environmental enrichment in the facilities, situation of separation anxiety syndrome in shelters, measures to be implemented to improve the welfare of animals, likewise articles were found that talk about environmental enrichment in the facilities, given that the main problem is the space, the management of resources and stress presented by new animals, Similarly, research was found that talks about how pre-adoption counseling may or may not be an alternative to reduce the incidence of in adopted animals, in order to raise awareness and inform tutors, students, shelter workers, Veterinary and Physicians Ethologists, about the issue in shelters, promoting the adoption of these animals and the great research opportunities that exist in this space.El síndrome de ansiedad por separación (APS), es un problema de comportamiento que en Colombia no se ha tratado de manera extensa, es por eso que el objetivo de la revisión es actualizar la información acerca de sus características principales. Además, se hace necesaria la exploración del tema concretamente en caninos ingresados a agencias de adopción, humanitarias, sociedades, albergues y demás refugios. Se consideró dar a conocer ampliamente la situación de los albergues caninos en los diferentes países donde se encontraron estudios del tema, se hallaron investigaciones en España, Australia, Alemania, entre otros, sobre los problemas de comportamiento de perros de refugio, instalaciones, situación del síndrome de ansiedad por separación (APS) en albergues, medidas a implementar para mejorar el bienestar de los animales, así mismo se encontraron artículos que hablan de enriquecimiento ambiental en las instalaciones, dado que el principal problema es el espacio, el manejo de recursos y el estrés que presentan los animales nuevos, del mismo modo se hallaron investigaciones que hablan sobre como la asesoría pre adopción puede o no ser una alternativa para reducir la incidencia de APS en animales adoptados, con el fin de concientizar e informar a tutores, estudiantes, trabajadores de refugio y Médicos Veterinarios Etólogos, acerca del tema en los albergues, promover la adopción de estos animales y las grandes oportunidades de investigación que existen en este espacioIncluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Veterinarioapplication/pdfspaBogotá : Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, 2019Facultad de Ciencias AgropecuariasMedicina VeterinariaDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientaleshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb"Ansiedad por separación, revisión y su impacto sobre los caninos ingresados a refugios"Trabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Adams, K.; Navarro, A.; Hutchinson, E. & Leed, J. (2004). A canine socialization and training program at the National Institute of Health. Laboratory Animals, 33 (1), 32-36Agreda, M. (2017 june). Guía completa para la prevención de la ansiedad por separación. Angora animal, 1, 14.ALAGUNA, C. (2017). PROBLEMAS DE COMPORTAMIENTO, ENTRE LAS PRINCIPALES CAUSAS DE ABANDONO DE PERROS. NOVIEMBRE 2, 2018, DE VANGUARDIA/ MASCOTAS SITIO WEB: WWW.VANGUARDIA.COMAmat, M., T. Camps, S. Le Brech & X. Manteca (2014). “Separation anxiety in dogs: the implications of predictability and contextual fear for behavioural treatment.” Animal Welfare 23(3): 263-266.Appleby D, Pluijmakers J. Separation anxiety in dogs. The function of homeostasis in its development and treatment. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2003; 33 (2): 321- 344Ballantyne, K. C. (2018). Separation, Confinement, or Noises: What Is Scaring That Dog? Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice.Barrera, G. (2 de septiembre 2013). Evaluación del Temperamento en Perros de Refugio y de Familia. Un Estudio Comparativo. Bdigital, Vol 22 # 2, 320.Barrera, G., Jakovcevic, A., & Bentosela, M. (2008). Calidad de vida en perros alojados en refugios: intervenciones para mejorar su bienestar. Artículos en PDF disponibles desde 1994 hasta 2013. A partir de 2014 visítenos en www. elsevier. es/sumapsicol, 15(2), 337-354.Bollen, K. & Horowitz, J. (2008). Behavioral evaluation and demographic information in the assessment of aggressiveness in shelter dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 112, 120-135.Bradshaw JWS, McPherson JA, Casey RA, et al: Aetiology of separation related behaviour in the domestic dog. Vet Rec 151:43-46, 2002Bowman, A., escocés, SPCA, Dowell, FJ y Evans, NP (2017). El efecto de diferentes géneros de música en los niveles de estrés de los perros en perreras. Fisiología y comportamiento, 171 , 207-215.Butler, R., Sargisson, R. J., & Elliffe, D. (2011). The efficacy of systematic desensitization for treating the separation-related problem behaviour of domestic dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 129(2-4), pp. 136-145.Vlamis, G. (1990). Flores de Bach Remedios al rescate . Tradiciones internas / Bear & Co.Overall KL. Animal behavior case of the month. A dog was examined because of profound separation anxiety. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;212(11):1702–1704.PÁEZ, H. L. G. ANSIEDAD POR SEPARACIÓN EN CANINOS LLEVADO AL LENGUAJE REPERTORIAL. 2015Papini, M. & Dudley, R. T. (1997). Consequences of surprising reward omissions. Review of General Psychology, 1, 175-197.Parthasarathy, V., & Crowell-Davis, S. L. (2006). Relationship between attachment to owners and separation anxiety in pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 1(3), 109-120.Pageat P: General psycho-psychology and nosography of behaviour disorders of dogs, in Pathologic du comportement du chien. 2ème édition. Paris, Editions du Point Vétérinaire, 1998, pp 43-112, 265-363Proptopopova, A. (2016) Effects of shltering on physiology, inmune function, behavior, and the welfare of dogs: physiology and behavior. (159),95,103Ratsitorahina M, Rasambainarivo JH, Raharimanana S, Rakotonandrasana H, Andriamiarisoa MP, Rakalomanana FA, Richard V. 2009. Dog ecology and demography in Antananarivo, 2007. BMC Veterinary Research. 5: 1-7Voith VL, Borchelt PL: Separation anxiety in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 7:42-52, 1985Reyes-Ticas, J. A. (2010). Trastornos de ansiedad: Guía práctica para diagnóstico y tratamiento. Trastornos de ansiedad.Rumbea Ruiz, P. G. (2019). Percepción de la especialidad de Etología (aplicada en caninos) en los veterinarios de los cantones de Guayaquil y Samborondón.Ruetti, E., Justel, N., Mustaca, A., Torrecilla, M., & González, A. (2010). Estrés neonatal y frustración. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 42(2), 279-288.Ruiz, J. Posada, M. (2016). 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Identificación de los problemas de comportamiento más frecuentes en caninos adoptados provenientes de una fundación de protección animal de Chía, Cundinamarca.Tuber, D.; Miller, D.; Caris, K.; Halter, R.; Linden, F. & Hennessy, M. (1999). Dogs in animal shelters: problems, suggestions and needed expertise. Psychological Science, 10 (3), 379-386.Tiira, K., Sulkama, S., & Lohi, H. (2016). Prevalence, comorbidity, and behavioral variation in canine anxiety. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 16, 36-44.Thielke, L. E., & Udell, M. A. (2017). The role of oxytocin in relationships between dogs and humans and potential applications for the treatment of separation anxiety in dogs. Biological Reviews, 92(1), 378-388.Tod, E.; Brander, D. & Waran, N. (2005). Efficacy of dog appeasing pheromone in reducing stress and fear related behaviour in shelter dogs. 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Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 6(2), pp.130-137..Ogata, N. (2016). Ansiedad por separación en perros: ¿Qué progreso se ha hecho en nuestra comprensión de los problemas de comportamiento más comunes en perros? Revista de comportamiento veterinario: aplicaciones clínicas e investigación, 16, 28-35.Overall KL: Fear, anxieties, and stereotypies, in Clinical behavioral medicine for small animals. St. Louis, Mosby, 1997, pp 209-250.-+Overall, K.L. 2013. Abnormal canine behaviors and behavioral pathologies nor primary involving pathological agression. Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for dogs and cats. Firsy Ed. Edit Elsevier. St. Louis, United States of America. 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 nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.
d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, Acinpro), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.
5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.
7. Término.
a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.
b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.
8. Varios.
a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.
b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.
c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.
d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.

 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